Warm-upWarm-up

What is consciousness?What is consciousness? What is the purpose of dreaming?What is the purpose of dreaming?

Consciousness-awareness Consciousness-awareness of ourselves and our of ourselves and our environmentenvironment

““Our normal waking consciousness, Our normal waking consciousness, rational consciousness as we call it, is rational consciousness as we call it, is but one special type of consciousness, but one special type of consciousness,

whilst all about it, parted from it by whilst all about it, parted from it by the filmiest of screens, there lie the filmiest of screens, there lie

potential forms of consciousness potential forms of consciousness entirely different”. - William James entirely different”. - William James

A recent study pointed out that almost half of A recent study pointed out that almost half of our waking hours are spent daydreaming or our waking hours are spent daydreaming or thinking of something other than what we are thinking of something other than what we are doing.doing.

If consciousness is awareness of ourselves and If consciousness is awareness of ourselves and our environment then, by definition, are we our environment then, by definition, are we spending half of our lives unconscious? spending half of our lives unconscious?

Subconscious-part of our mind that is Subconscious-part of our mind that is accessible, but we are not currently accessing accessible, but we are not currently accessing it.it.

““The conscious mind may be compared to a The conscious mind may be compared to a fountain playing in the sun and falling back fountain playing in the sun and falling back into the great subterranean pool of into the great subterranean pool of subconscious from which it rises”. subconscious from which it rises”. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud

Unconscious-not accessible-suppressed Unconscious-not accessible-suppressed memories/forbidden thoughts and desiresmemories/forbidden thoughts and desires

The unconscious is the ocean of the unsayable, The unconscious is the ocean of the unsayable, of what has been expelled from the land of of what has been expelled from the land of language, removed as a result of ancient language, removed as a result of ancient prohibitions.prohibitions.Italo CalvinoItalo Calvino

Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams

Bio-rhythms-cycles the body goes throughBio-rhythms-cycles the body goes through Examples:Examples:

1.1. Circadian rhythm-our 24 hour cycleCircadian rhythm-our 24 hour cycle

2.2. Sleep cycleSleep cycle Chronobiology-Chronobiology-

Cave experiment-found that people take daily Cave experiment-found that people take daily naps when given no light cues. They went naps when given no light cues. They went into a 25 hour circadian rhythm.into a 25 hour circadian rhythm.

In 2000, 61 year old French researcher Michel In 2000, 61 year old French researcher Michel Siffre stayed underground with no time cues Siffre stayed underground with no time cues for 73 daysfor 73 days

Brain WavesBrain Waves

Beta waves-awake and alertBeta waves-awake and alert Alpha waves-stage one sleep or awake and Alpha waves-stage one sleep or awake and

relaxed.relaxed. Theta waves-stage 2 sleepTheta waves-stage 2 sleep Delta waves-begin in stage 3 and continue to 4Delta waves-begin in stage 3 and continue to 4

Sleep deprivation effects-lack of Sleep deprivation effects-lack of concentration, irritable, weak immune systemconcentration, irritable, weak immune system

Problems with sleepProblems with sleep

Insomnia-unable to sleep at least 3 Insomnia-unable to sleep at least 3 nights/weeknights/week

Narcolepsy-fall asleep without meaning toNarcolepsy-fall asleep without meaning to

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0h2nleWTwIv=X0h2nleWTwI

Sleep apnea-stop breathing at night/obesity is a Sleep apnea-stop breathing at night/obesity is a risk factorrisk factor

Incubus attacks/night terrors-happens in stage Incubus attacks/night terrors-happens in stage 4 sleep/more prevalent in small children/wake 4 sleep/more prevalent in small children/wake up screaming in total panicup screaming in total panic

Sleepwalking-more common in small Sleepwalking-more common in small children/stage 4 sleepchildren/stage 4 sleep

DreamsDreams

Manifest content-storyline of a dreamManifest content-storyline of a dream Latent content-hidden meaning behind the Latent content-hidden meaning behind the

dream, perhaps a hidden desire (wish dream, perhaps a hidden desire (wish fulfillment)fulfillment)

Activation-synthesis theory-dreams are random Activation-synthesis theory-dreams are random firing of the brain at night and our mind’s firing of the brain at night and our mind’s attempt to make sense of itattempt to make sense of it

Memory-REM is important in transferring short Memory-REM is important in transferring short term to long term memoryterm to long term memory

REM Rebound-increased REM after period of REM Rebound-increased REM after period of sleep deprivation.sleep deprivation.

Nightmares-bad dreams in REM sleepNightmares-bad dreams in REM sleep

HypnosisHypnosis

What is it? Deep relaxation and heightened What is it? Deep relaxation and heightened suggestibilitysuggestibility

How is it achieved? Deep relaxation and focusHow is it achieved? Deep relaxation and focus How can we explain it? Either a social How can we explain it? Either a social

phenomenon or divided consciousnessphenomenon or divided consciousness

Does it work? YES!Does it work? YES! Effective for pain preventionEffective for pain prevention Can help with quitting habits based on a post-Can help with quitting habits based on a post-

hypnotic suggestion if the person truly wants to hypnotic suggestion if the person truly wants to quitquit

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v-sBPki0YssBPki0Ys

Drugs and ConsciousnessDrugs and Consciousness

Tolerance-need more of a drug to have the Tolerance-need more of a drug to have the original effect.original effect.

Withdrawal-negative symptoms following Withdrawal-negative symptoms following quitting a drug a person’s addicted toquitting a drug a person’s addicted to

Psychological vs. physical dependence-mind Psychological vs. physical dependence-mind vs. bodyvs. body

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs Depressants-Depressants-

Effects-slow heart rate and breathingEffects-slow heart rate and breathing Examples-barbituates, alcohol, opium, heroinExamples-barbituates, alcohol, opium, heroin

Stimulants-Stimulants- Effects-speed up heart and breathingEffects-speed up heart and breathing Examples-cocaine, nicotine, coffee,methExamples-cocaine, nicotine, coffee,meth

Hallucinogens-Hallucinogens- Effects-alter perceptionsEffects-alter perceptions Examples-LSD, “shrooms”, Angel Dust, MDMA Examples-LSD, “shrooms”, Angel Dust, MDMA

(ecstasy) although it has dua hallucinogen/stimulant (ecstasy) although it has dua hallucinogen/stimulant effects, marijuanaeffects, marijuana