Warm Up What is the nervous system?

What is it made up of? (anatomy) What does it do? (physiology)

Write down all you know about the nervous system

What questions would you like answered this unit about the nervous system?

Objective: SWBAT

Explain three parasympathetic effects as well as three sympathetic effects on the body

Agenda: Guided Notes: Intro to Nervous System Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic Activity Summary Video Extension: Coffee Closing

Homework: Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Guided Notes: Intro to Nervous SystemThree functions:

Gather stimuli

Integrate stimuli

Generate response

Divisions:

Central—brain and spinal cord

Peripheral—all other nerves Afferent Nerves—gather sensory stimuli

EX: pain, touch, deep pressure, stretch Efferent Nerves—generate motor response

Somatic System—nerves to skeletal muscles, voluntary Autonomic System—nerves to cardiac and smooth muscle as well as glands, involuntary

Parasympathetic System—“rest and digest” Sympathetic System—“fight or flight”

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Activity

As a class we will discover the parasympathetic nervous system’s “rest and digest” effects on the body as well as the sympathetic nervous system’s “fight or flight” effects on the body.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41xuS84tYAM

Summary Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2GywoS77qc

Extension: Coffee How many people drink coffee?

Which system does coffee stimulate? How do you know?

Is coffee good or bad for you?

As you watch the following video, make a pros and cons T chart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lutMjeIIm-w

Closing Is coffee good or bad for you?

Write a persuasive letter to a friend or family member convincing them that it is either ok or not ok to drink coffee

Warm Up What is a polygraph? What does a polygraph

measure?

Take out homework for Ms. McGowan to check

Objective: SWBAT

Explain the functions of the 6 parts of a neuron

Agenda: Review Homework and Discussion of Coffee (10 minutes) Tomcfad Rap and Discussion of Epipens (7 minutes) Guided Notes: Microscopic Anatomy of Nervous System (7 minutes) Neuron Modeling Activity (20 minutes) Closing (6 minutes)

Homework: Color and Label Neuron

Review Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic Effects T Chart

Follow along as Ms. McGowan reviews your homework

Coffee drinkers: do the effects of coffee sound more similar to the parasympathetic column or the sympathetic column? What in coffee stimulates this system’s effects?

Tomcfad Summary Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5XnHtklFjI&list=PL47DE6F1

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What neurotransmitter is responsible for signaling parasympathetic effects?

What neurotransmitter is responsible for signaling sympathetic effects?

How does this make sense with what you know about epipens used to treat allergic reactions? What body changes occur during allergic reactions? How does an epipen reverse these dangerous body changes?

Guided Notes: Microscopic Anatomy

Neurons

Dendrites—fibers that receive message

Cell body—contains nucleus and all other organelles except nucleolus

Axon—single fiber that conducts message Used 1mm diameter squid giant axon to study Longest in human body is from base of spine to big toe

Axon terminals—end of axon that contains neurotransmitters

Synaptic cleft—gap between neuron axon terminal and next neuron or cell

Guided Notes: Microscopic Anatomy

Supporting Cells

Myelin sheath—white fatty insulation wrapped around neurons that speeds signal Oligodendrocytes—specific cells that form myelin sheath around CNS

neurons Schwann cells—specific cells that form myelin sheath around PNS

neurons

Nodes of Ranvier—areas of unmyelinated axon between each myelin sheath

Saltatory conduction—process by which action potential jumps from node to node, speeding signal transmission Can reach speed of 268 mph compared to only 56 mph in unmyelinated

axon

Neuron Modeling Activity Follow along on your activity sheet to model

saltatory conduction with one another as well as model the neuron with pipecleaners and cheerios

Warm Up The brain and spinal cord have distinct areas of

white matter as well as gray matter. Why are certain sections of the brain white while others are gray?

Objective: SWBAT

Explain the 3 steps of an action potential as well as the 4 steps of signal transmission at the synaptic cleft

Agenda: Guided Notes: the Action Potential and the Synaptic Cleft with

accompanying animations (20 minutes) Action Potential Modeling Activity (20 minutes) Closing (5 minutes)

Homework: Finish Action Potential Modeling Activity

Guided Notes: the Action Potential

Normally: inside of neuron is negative (polarized) with Na+ on outside and K+ on inside

Strong stimuli signals action potential: All-or-none principle—threshold of excitation is either

reached or not reached (travels entire axon or not at all)

Depolarization (cell becomes more positive): Na+ channels open so Na+ rushes into cell

Repolarization (cell becomes more negative): Na+ channels close and K+ channels open so K+ rushes out of cell

Hyperpolarization: (cell becomes more negative than resting potential): K+ channels close and Na+/K+ pump that moves 3Na+ out and 2K+ in restores initial membrane potential Neuron cannot propagate another signal until

membrane potential is restored

Guided Notes: the Synaptic Cleft

Steps:

When action potential reaches axon terminal, Ca2+ rushes in

This signals vesicles of neurotransmitter to fuse with membrane

Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft

Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on next cell, transmitting the signal to the next neuron or cell

Guided Notes: Neurotoxins

Na+ channel inhibitors Sedatives and anesthetics Tetrodotoxin in pufferfish

Inhibits vesicle release Botulinum toxin in Botox Tetanus toxin from bacteria on rusty metal

Blocks receptors Bungarotoxin in snakes

Action Potential Modeling Activity

Follow the directions on your worksheet to model the flow of Na+ and K+ ions during an action potential using milk chocolate and white chocolate chips

Once you have completed your activity, demonstrate your model for Ms. McGowan

Closing In the neuron, signal transmits via the action

potential. Between neurons, signal transmits via neurotransmitter. Which is electrical? Which is chemical?

Warm Up Why is it dangerous to eat pufferfish? Be as specific

as possible.

Objective: SWBAT

Explain why doctors test reflexes

Agenda: Action Potential and Synaptic Cleft Animations/Turn in Lab (6 minutes) Guided Notes: Reflexes (6 minutes) Reflexes versus Reactions Lab (25 minutes) Closing (6 minutes)

Homework: Finish Reflexes versus Reactions Lab If you will not be here on Friday: Giant Squid Axon and Laughing Gas

Readings

Guided Notes: Reflexes Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

Even though involuntary, can be either: Somatic--affecting skeletal muscles Autonomic--affecting cardiac or smooth muscles

EX: papillary light reflex, corneal reflex, salivary reflex, gag reflex, patellar jerk reflex, plantar reflex, pain reflexes

Reflex arc—nerve pathway signaling a reflex that contains as little as two neurons The more neurons involved, the longer it takes the body to respond

Importance: change in a reflex suggests issue with nervous system

Reflexes versus Reactions Lab Follow the directions on your lab to compare 4

measured reflexes to measured reaction time

Warm Up Grab a worksheet on Kalyn’s desk

Objective: SWBAT

Explain how laughing gas affects the nervous system

Agenda: Reading: Giant Squid Axon and Laughing Gas Closing

Homework: Have a fantastic break!

Reading: Giant Squid Axon and Laughing Gas

Read the two articles and answer their respective questions

Warm Up How does laughing gas affect the nervous system?

Take out your homework for collection

Objective: SWBAT

Describe one responsibility of the brains 4 lobes and the cerebellum

Agenda: Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Brain Brain Playdough Model Closing

Homework: Brain Size and Lateralization Readings Quiz tomorrow on everything up until now (excluding brain

learning from today): divisions, neurons, action potential, synaptic cleft, neurotoxins, reflexes

Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Brain

Cerebrum: Gyri—elevated ridges Sulci—shallow grooves Fissures—deeper grooves Lobes:

Frontal—reasoning, planning, emotions, problem-solving Contains Broca’s area

Broca’s aphasia (nonfluent aphasia)—can understand, but can’t produce speech

Parietal—perception of pain, temperature, and pressure stimuli Temporal—perception of auditory stimuli, speech, memory

Contains Wernicke’s area Wernicke’s aphasia (fluent aphasia)—can’t understand, but can produce

(random) speech Occipital—vision

Corpus callosum—connects two cerebral hemispheres

Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Brain

Diencephalon: Thalamus—relays sensory information Hypothalamus—homeostasis of body temperature, thirst, and

hunger, as well as emotion (pain, pleasure, sex) Pineal gland—circadian rhythm Pituitary gland—releases hormones for various functions

Brain stem: Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata—heart rate, blood pressure, breathing,

swallowing, vomiting

Cerebellum—balance

Motor homunculus-- visual depictions of the amount of brain devoted to the functioning of various body parts

Aphasia Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4o9La8cn7DI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew

Brain Playdough Model Follow along on your worksheet to create a model

of the 7 major parts of the brain using playdough

Closing What two parts of the body make up the most of

the sensory and motor homunculi? Why is this?

Warm Up Are you left brained or right brained? How do you

know?

Take out homework for collection as well as yesterday’s lab (if you didn’t finish)

Objective: SWBAT

Explain why alcohol and nicotine are so addictive Explain how anesthetics take effect shortly after administration

Agenda: Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos Guided Notes: Spinal Cord and CNS Protection Mouse Party Closing

Homework: Quiz Review Sheet Study for Quiz on Tuesday

Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6kRP41ygrI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk

Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 17 inches long from foramen magnum to last thoracic

vertebrae

Cauda equina—“horse’s tail,” spinal nerves that travel from end of spinal cord through rest of spinal column

Dorsal/ascending pathway—sensory nerves

Ventral/descending pathway—motor nerves Keep in mind that left brain tends to control right

body and right brain tends to control left body

Guided Notes: CNS Protection Meninges—three layers of connective tissue between skull and

brain Dura mater—most superficial, hard and thin layer Arachnoid mater—middle, thick space with blood vessels Pia mater—deepest, flexible and thin layer

Brain specific: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—watery cushion in and around brain Blood-brain barrier—brain contains least permeable capillaries

to maintain constant internal environment However, fat-soluble molecules still readily pass through fatty plasma

membrane CSF and blood vessels interact in arachnoid space

Mouse Party Using the University of Utah’s Genetics Learning

Center, work in groups of 4-5 to complete your worksheet and explain how heroin, ecstasy, marijuana, meth, alcohol, cocaine, and LSD affect the brain

Closing Why are alcohol and nicotine so addictive?

Warm Up Why is the middle layer of the meninges termed

arachnoid mater or space?

Take out your quiz review for completion points

Objective: SWBAT

Explain why alcohol and nicotine are so addictive Explain how anesthetics take effect shortly after administration

Agenda: Quiz Review Quiz Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos Mouse Party Closing

Homework: Finish Mouse Party

Quiz Review Follow along as we review your neurons quiz review

sheet!

Neurons Quiz Please put everything away except for a writing

utensil

Raise your hand if you have a question during your quiz

Hold on to your quiz when you finish—I will collect them all at once

Good luck!

Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6kRP41ygrI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk

Mouse Party Using the University of Utah’s Genetics Learning

Center, work in groups of 4-5 to complete your worksheet and explain how heroin, ecstasy, marijuana, meth, alcohol, cocaine, and LSD affect the brain

Warm Up How did Phineas Gage change after the railroad

accident that sent a metal rod through his skull? Why was he affected in this way?

Objective: SWBAT

Explain why alcohol and nicotine are so addictive Explain how anesthetics take effect shortly after administration Explain why expecting mothers are urged to abstain from alcohol and

nicotine Explain why orthostatic hypotension is common in the elderly

Agenda: Finish Mouse Party Guided Notes: Development Application Questions Closing

Homework: Brain Quiz Review due Friday Brain Quiz Friday

Mouse Party Using the University of Utah’s Genetics Learning

Center, work in groups of 4-5 to complete your worksheet and explain how heroin, ecstasy, marijuana, meth, alcohol, cocaine, and LSD affect the brain

Guided Notes: Development Nervous system develops within 1st month of conception

Hypothalamus develops in last trimester

Myelination develops during childhood As evidenced by neuromuscular control

Sympathetic nervous system declines over time EX inability to constrict blood vessels

Senility—forgetfulness and irritability with old age Caused by decline in cardiovascular system, less O2 to

brain

Application Questions Work together to complete your half sheet of

development application questions

Closing Why are many elderly senile?