walnut varieties resistance to xanthomonas campestris pv ... cost 873...
TRANSCRIPT
Evaluation of resistance of cultivated walnut
varieties and selections to Xanthomonas
arboricola pv. juglandis in Greece
Tsiantos J.1, Vagelas I.K.2, Rumbos C.I.3, Chatzaki A.1, Rouskas D.4 and Gravanis F.T.2
1 NAGREF, Plant Protection Institute, 38001 Volos, Greece 2 Technological Education Institute of Larissa, Department of Plant Production, 41110
Larissa, Greece 3 Centre for Research and Technology-Thessaly (CE.RE.TE.TH.), Institute of Technology and
Management of Agricultural Ecosystems (I.TE.M.A.), 38500 Volos, Greece4 NAGREF, Vardates Agricultural Research Station, Greece
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
2.000.000 trees from seedling
selections
70% in >500 m altitude
Annual production: 20.000 t *(Tendency to be increased: new orchards are planted in low altitude fields)
Main varieties: Serr, Gustine, Amigo,
Vina, Lara, Hartley, Chandler,
Franquette, local selections
Walnut Production in Greece
* Rouskas D., Akrivos J. and Zakynthinos G., 2006, J. National Research Foundation, 29 (1), p. 23-40.
30%
Macedonia
(20%)
Thrace
(6%)
Thessaly
(10%)Epirus
(14%)
Sterea Hellas
(14%)
Peloponnese
(30%)
Crete
(6%)
Distribution of walnut production in Greece
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Walnut blight in Greece
Symptoms of walnut blight on nuts
Walnut blight was first reported in Greece in 1951.
It is considered one of the main bacterial, walnut diseases in Greece. However, there is no
detailed research on the severity and prevalence of this disease.
The pathogen is endemic all over Greece and causes every year damages
mainly in nuts.
Its severity depends considerably on the spring weather conditions.
Control measures are cultural and, where possible, chemical (preventive spraying with copper
bactericides) but their efficacy is often inadequate.
Objective of the present study: Evaluation of walnut varieties, selections and crosses
resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Sampling place: NAGREF, Vardates Agricultural
Research Station
Sampling
Sampling Date: 12 June 2007
Nuts (2-4 cm ø) from 33 walnut varieties (16 lateral and 17 terminal fruit fullness
varieties), 12 selections and 13 crosses were collected
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Tested varieties, selections and crosses
Lateral fruit fullness Terminal fruit fullness Selections Crosses
Amigo Adams ΕΚ-1 S 1/1
Asley Chase D9 ΕΚ-2 S 1/6
Chandler Chase D12 ΕP-5 S 1/7
Ferjean Franquette ΕP-6 S 2/6
Fernette Geisenheim ΕΗ-28 S 3/1
Fernor Grand Jean ΕΗ-29 S 3/3
Gustine Grosvert ΕΜ-35 S 3/4
Lara Hartley ΕΜ-36 S 3/8
Mindland Lozeronne FM-5 RΖ-12
Payne Marbot FM-6 RΖ-14
Serr Meylannaise FM-16 H x G3
Sunland Milotai FM-3 F x H5
Techama Parisienne F x G7
Vina Ronde de Montignac
Eliana Sibisel
Eoli Spurgcan
Leto
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Artificial infections
1. Inoculum preparation
A mixture of 4 Xaj strains isolated from naturally
infected walnut nuts in Greece was used
Bacterial suspension concentration: 1-2 x 107 cfu ml-1
2. Inoculation
Bacterial inoculum was injected
to nuts with a syringe (n=5)
As control nuts were injected with SDW
3. Incubation
25 0C, high humidity, plastic chambers
2 weeks
4. Evaluation
Frequeny (F)
Severity index (S)
Varietal Susceptibility Index (V.S.I.= F x S)*
* Le Lezec & Paulin, 1984, Acta Horticulturae 151, p. 277-281
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Isolation of Xaj from artificially infected nuts
2. Maceration of samples1. Walnut blight spots were aseptically cut
3. Dilution plating of aliquots
on Brilliant cresyl blue-starch (BS) medium*
* Mulrean & Schroth, 1981, Phytopathology 71(3), p. 336-339
4. Xaj colonies identificationStarch hydrolysis zone
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Results: Frequency of infections (0-100%)
Lateral fruit fullness Terminal fruit fullness Selections Crosses
Amigo Adams ΕΚ-1 S 1/1
Asley Chase D9 ΕΚ-2 S 1/6
Chandler Chase D12 ΕP-5 S 1/7
Ferjean Franquette ΕP-6 S 2/6
Fernette Geisenheim ΕΗ-28 S 3/1
Fernor Grand Jean ΕΗ-29 S 3/3
Gustine Grosvert ΕΜ-35 S 3/4
Lara Hartley ΕΜ-36 S 3/8
Mindland Lozeronne FM-5 RΖ-12
Payne Marbot FM-6 RΖ-14
Serr Meylannaise FM-16 H x G3
Sunland Milotai FM-3 F x H5
Techama Parisienne F x G7
Vina Ronde de Montignac
Eliana Sibisel
Eoli Spurgcan
Leto
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Lateral fruit fullness Terminal fruit fullness Selections Crosses
Amigo 100% Adams 100% ΕΚ-1 100% S 1/1 100%
Asley 100% Chase D9 100% ΕΚ-2 100% S 1/6 80%
Chandler 100% Chase D12 100% ΕP-5 100% S 1/7 100%
Ferjean 100% Franquette 100% ΕP-6 100% S 2/6 100%
Fernette 100% Geisenheim 100% ΕΗ-28 80% S 3/1 100%
Fernor 100% Grand Jean 100% ΕΗ-29 100% S 3/3 100%
Gustine 100% Grosvert 80% ΕΜ-35 100% S 3/4 100%
Lara n.e. Hartley 100% ΕΜ-36 100% S 3/8 80%
Mindland 100% Lozeronne 100% FM-5 100% RΖ-12 100%
Payne 100% Marbot 100% FM-6 100% RΖ-14 100%
Serr 53.3% Meylannaise n.e. FM-16 100% H x G3 80%
Sunland 100% Milotai 100% FM-3 100% F x H5 100%
Techama 100% Parisienne 100% F x G7 100%
Vina 100% Ronde de Montignac 100%
Eliana 100% Sibisel 100%
Eoli 93.3% Spurgcan 100%
Leto 100%
Results: Frequency of infections (0-100%)
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Terminal fruit fullness varieties
Adam
s
ChaseD
9
ChaseD
12
Fra
nquett
e
Geis
enheim
Gra
nd J
ean
Gro
svert
Hart
ley
Lozero
nne
Marb
ot
Meyla
nnais
e
Milo
tai
Parisie
nne
Ronde M
ontig.
Sib
isel
Spurg
can
Lateral fruit fullness varieties
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00A
mig
o
Asle
y
Chandle
r
Ferjean
Fern
ett
e
Fern
or
Gustine
Lara
Min
dla
nd
Payne
Serr
Sunla
nd
Techam
a
Vin
a
Eliana
Eoli
Leto
n.e
.
n.e
.
n.e.: not evaluated
Selections
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
ΕΚ1
ΕΚ2
ΕΠ5
ΕΠ6
ΕΗ28
ΕΗ29
ΕΜ35
ΕΜ36
FM
5
FM
6
FM
16
FM
3
Results: Severity Index (0-100)
Crosses
S1
/1
S1
/6
S1
/7
S2
/6
S3
/1
S3
/3
S3
/4
S3
/8
RΖ-12
RΖ-14
HxG
3
FxH
5
FxG
7
Crosses
S1/1
S1/6
S1/7
S2/6
S3/1
S3/3
S3/4
S3/8
RΖ-12
RΖ-14
HxG
3
FxH
5
FxG
7
n.e.: not evaluated
Lateral fruit fullness varieties
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00A
mig
o
Asle
y
Chandle
r
Ferjean
Fern
ett
e
Fern
or
Gustine
Lara
Min
dla
nd
Payne
Serr
Sunla
nd
Techam
a
Vin
a
Eliana
Eoli
Leto
Terminal fruit fullness varieties
Ad
am
s
Ch
ase
D9
Ch
ase
D1
2
Fra
nq
ue
tte
Ge
ise
nh
eim
Gra
nd
Je
an
Gro
sve
rt
Ha
rtle
y
Lo
zero
nn
e
Ma
rbo
t
Me
yla
nn
ais
e
Milo
tai
Pa
risi
en
ne
Ro
nd
e M
on
tig.
Sib
ise
l
Sp
urg
can
Results: Varietal Susceptibility Index (V.S.I.= F x S)
n.e
.
n.e
.
Lateral fruit fullness Terminal fruit fullness Selections Crosses
Amigo Adams ΕΚ-1 S 1/1
Asley Chase D9 ΕΚ-2 S 1/6
Chandler Chase D12 ΕP-5 S 1/7
Ferjean Franquette ΕP-6 S 2/6
Fernette Geisenheim ΕΗ-28 S 3/1
Fernor Grand Jean ΕΗ-29 S 3/3
Gustine Grosvert ΕΜ-35 S 3/4
Lara Hartley ΕΜ-36 S 3/8
Mindland Lozeronne FM-5 RΖ-12
Payne Marbot FM-6 RΖ-14
Serr Meylannaise FM-16 H x G3
Sunland Milotai FM-3 F x H5
Techama Parisienne F x G7
Vina Ronde de Montignac
Eliana Sibisel
Eoli Spurgcan
Leto
Class of Susceptibility (A–E)
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Lateral fruit fullness Terminal fruit fullness Selections Crosses
Amigo A Adams C ΕΚ-1 A S 1/1 C
Asley A Chase D9 B ΕΚ-2 B S 1/6 C
Chandler C Chase D12 C ΕP-5 B S 1/7 B
Ferjean B Franquette B ΕP-6 B S 2/6 C
Fernette B Geisenheim B ΕΗ-28 A S 3/1 E
Fernor B Grand Jean A ΕΗ-29 A S 3/3 C
Gustine B Grosvert B ΕΜ-35 B S 3/4 D
Lara n.e. Hartley C ΕΜ-36 B S 3/8 C
Mindland B Lozeronne B FM-5 B RΖ-12 C
Payne B Marbot D FM-6 B RΖ-14 B
Serr A Meylannaise n.e. FM-16 B H x G3 B
Sunland C Milotai E FM-3 C F x H5 B
Techama C Parisienne B F x G7 B
Vina B Ronde de Montignac D
Eliana A Sibisel D
Eoli B Spurgcan
Leto B
Class of Susceptibility (A–E)
n.e.: not evaluated
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Class of Susceptibility (A–E)
Lateral fruit fullness Terminal fruit fullness Selections Crosses
Amigo A Adams C ΕΚ-1 A S 1/1 C
Asley A Chase D9 B ΕΚ-2 B S 1/6 C
Chandler C Chase D12 C ΕP-5 B S 1/7 B
Ferjean B Franquette B ΕP-6 B S 2/6 C
Fernette B Geisenheim B ΕΗ-28 A S 3/1 E
Fernor B Grand Jean A ΕΗ-29 A S 3/3 C
Gustine B Grosvert B ΕΜ-35 B S 3/4 D
Lara n.e. Hartley C ΕΜ-36 B S 3/8 C
Mindland B Lozeronne B FM-5 B RΖ-12 C
Payne B Marbot D FM-6 B RΖ-14 B
Serr A Meylannaise n.e. FM-16 B H x G3 B
Sunland C Milotai E FM-3 C F x H5 B
Techama C Parisienne B F x G7 B
Vina B Ronde de Montignac D
Eliana A Sibisel D
Eoli B Spurgcan
Leto B
n.e.: not evaluated
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Class of Susceptibility (A–E)
Lateral fruit fullness Terminal fruit fullness Selections Crosses
Amigo A Adams C ΕΚ-1 A S 1/1 C
Asley A Chase D9 B ΕΚ-2 B S 1/6 C
Chandler C Chase D12 C ΕP-5 B S 1/7 B
Ferjean B Franquette B ΕP-6 B S 2/6 C
Fernette B Geisenheim B ΕΗ-28 A S 3/1 E
Fernor B Grand Jean A ΕΗ-29 A S 3/3 C
Gustine B Grosvert B ΕΜ-35 B S 3/4 D
Lara n.e. Hartley C ΕΜ-36 B S 3/8 C
Mindland B Lozeronne B FM-5 B RΖ-12 C
Payne B Marbot D FM-6 B RΖ-14 B
Serr A Meylannaise n.e. FM-16 B H x G3 B
Sunland C Milotai E FM-3 C F x H5 B
Techama C Parisienne B F x G7 B
Vina B Ronde de Montignac D
Eliana A Sibisel D
Eoli B Spurgcan
Leto B
n.e.: not evaluated
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Conclusions
Some varieties and crosses seem to be particularily susceptible
under the experimental conditions tested :
Marbot, Milotai, Ronde de Montignac, Sibisel, S 3/1
Some varieties and crosses appear to be less susceptible
under the experimental conditions tested :
Amigo, Asley, Serr, Eliana, Grand Jean, EK-1, EH-28, EH-29
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
The selections tested seem to be less susceptible and promising
Artificial inoculations of nuts is an easy and fast way to evaluate resistance
to walnut blight
Future Research
Selection of Xaj isolates from different geographical areas of Greece
The evaluation of the resistance of the varieties, selections and crosses
will continue next year
COST 873, WG3/WG4 Joint Meeting, Murcia, 23-25 October 2007
Biochemical characterization of the Xaj isolates with conventional tests
Confirmation of the pathogenicity of the Xaj isolates by hypersensitivity reaction
on tobacco leaves
Copper sensitivity of the selected isolates
The characterization of the genetic variability of the greek Xaj isolates
Thank you!