v/z = -g/(f) x

Thermal Wind: Stratified Geostrophic Dynamics

Margules Fronts resulting from Geostrophic Adjustments

Mid-shelffronts

Outer shelffronts

Tidal mixingfronts

Eddies

Thermal Wind: Atmospheric Jet Stream

1 Jetstream passing north of the UK bringing settled, dry and warm weather2 Jetstream passing further south, causing weather that is unsettled and cool for the time of year

A B

dense(cold)

light(warm)

A

BHorizontalview

Verticalview

v/z = -g/(f) x

x

z

Thermal Wind: Jet Stream on Nov.-3, 2004

Temperature (color)Height of pressure surface (lines)Winds (arrows)

850-mb (near surface) 300-mb (aloft)

http://opwx.db.erau.edu/~mullerb/Therm_wind.html

v/z = -g/(f) x

Gulf Stream

Franklin & Folgers (1768)

Brown et al. (1988)

Density Temperature

Gulf Stream Section

http://kingfish.coastal.edu/marine/gulfstream/p2a.htm

Gulf streamVelocity sections

Titan's Atmospheric Temperature and Thermal Winds Ug

Flasar et al. (2005)

(z)

Aug.-22, 2005

(y,z)

Ug(y,z)

N S N S

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July/August 2003 ADCP Survey Volume Flux Summary

-0.77 Sv

-0.92 Sv

-0.91 Sv

-1.03 Sv

+4.3 Sv

-4.8 Sv

Greenland

0.90.10 Sv

1 Sv=106 m3/s ~5 Amazon ~1000 Delaware

Density

Salinity

Temperature

ThermalWind

Observed:

cm/s

cm/s

S

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Across-channel integralof f/g times V0(x)

V0(x)=Vg-VADCP

Vg = relative geostrophicVADCP = observed velocity

Canada Greenland

Estimating Absolute Geostrophic Transport: