vorlesung ungarn hannibal d

5/28/2018 Vorlesung Ungarn Hannibal d

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Variable Valve Timing Systems on Modern Spark Ignition

Lecture at the theu apes n vers y

of Technology and EconomicsPart A: September, 18, 2009

Part B: November, 24, 2009

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal,

Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen,

University of Applied Science,

Iserlohn, Germany

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, [email protected]. 1

[email protected] Renault, 1902, Patent DE 145662


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Presentation Outl ine

n ro uc on

2 Historical Overview of Variable Valve Train Systems

3 Categories of Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Systems

4 Thermo Dynamical Benefits

6 Valve Lift and Timing Variation Systems

7 Palivaventi A New Patent and Literature VVA- Data Base

9 Conclusion and Outlook



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Introduction

variable valve train is common in

the systems are located in the cylinder

on series production a lot of different

systems are applied

3 to 12 % can be achieved

es e cam p asers e u y var a e

valve train will be more important

Thank you very much for the invitation

of the lecture

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, [email protected]

Fig. 3


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Historical Overview of Variable valve Train Systems

valve deactivation

system,

,

patent DE 50839,the first variable valve actuation system on series production cars?

June 9., 1889



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Patent Applications of Variable Valve Actuation Systems

More than 15,000 patent applications have been submitted There are many different classification groups; for research work,

they have to be divided into practicable categories

Patent searches are very time-consuming

The level of invention in the applications has fallen

Many patent applications are submitted although their ideas area rea y nown rom very o pa en s

ability to compete


.


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From the Operational Principle to Series Production,

Cam Phasers from Samuel Haltenberger to Alfa Romeo and BMW


Samuel Haltenberger (Patent DE 368775, 1918)


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Cam Phasers from Samuel Haltenberger to Alfa Romeo and BMW

Alfa Romeo,

Samuel Haltenberger

(Patent DE 368775, 1918)


BMW VANOS, 1995


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Cam Switching Systems from Eaton to Cadil lac


a on, ,


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Cam Switching Systems from Eaton to Honda


Eaton, Patent US 4,203,397,

1978Honda VTEC, 1989


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Continuously Variable Valve Lift from Renault to BMW


,Patent DE 145662, 1902

,


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Non Uniform Camshaft Drive from Mitchell to MG

- -


. ,Patent GB 2066361A, 1980 IAA- press release 1995


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Categories of

VVA Systems


C t i f


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Categories of

VVA Systems


N b f P t t A li ti A di t th VVA G f th


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Number of Patent Applications According to the VVA- Groups for the

Years 1980 - 2000

1200

1054

9781000

tions

795800

pplic

a

Electro-

Mechanical

Honda VTEC

BMW Valvetronic

600

Pa

tent

Porsche VarioCAM Plus

400

berof

25

131

7116

562

127

552 18

53 8214

200

N

u

11 12 13 14

2111

2112

2121

2122

2123

2124

2131

2141

2151

2211

2221

2231 3

1


VVA - Groups

Total N mber of Patent Applications in the Data Base for the Years


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Total Number of Patent Applications in the Data Base for the Years

1980 - 2000

450

343

383

336

361

350

400

ions

252

300pplica

216

189213

183

231

200

250

atent

93

127150

erof

29 34 48 52 49

64

50Num

0

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000


Year


18/108



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Possibilit ies of Valve Varition


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Possibilit ies of Valve Varition

[mm]

e

lift

Valv


Crank angle [CA]

Range for Cam Phasing Variation


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Range for Cam Phasing Variation

[mm]

e

lift

Valv outlet

valve lift

inlet

valve lift

Crank angle [CA]


Torque Response with Several Cam Phasing Positions


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Torque Response with Several Cam Phasing Positions

m]

[N

to

rque

Nockenwellenstellungen:

konventionellngine

conventionell

Camshaft positions:

sptvariabellatevariable

Engine revolution [1/min]


Torque Influence with Different Valve Opening Durations


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Torque Influence with Different Valve Opening Durations

m]

Valve lift Full load

[N

to

rque

ngine


Engine revolution [1/min]

Reduction of Fuel Consumption


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Reduction of Fuel Consumption

- Reduction of Charge Cycle Work

- Optimization of the Burning Process

- Reduction of the Friction


Influence of the Reduction of Charge Cycle Work by the Use of


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g y y

Variable Inlet Valve Duration


Charge Cycle Work Reduction over Inlet Spread Variation with the


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g y p

Use of Variable Inlet Valve Duration (System UniValve)


Fuel Consumption over the Inlet Valve Spread Variation


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p p

Naturally Aspirated Engine: 2,0 l Test Engine with UniValve


Fuel Consumption over the Inlet Valve Spread Variation;


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Turbo Charged Engine: 2,0 l Test Engine with UniValve


Influence of Fuel Consumption Reduction with different Variable


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Valve Train Concepts for the Naturally Aspirated Engine


Influence of Fuel Consumption Reduction with different Variable


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Valve Train Concepts for the Turbo Charged Engine




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Categories of the Cam Phaser Systems


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Torque at the Camshaft for Different

E i C t


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Engine Concepts


First Cam Phaser in Series Production by Alfa Romeo


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1: cam shaft 6: solenoid

2: oil nut 7: hub of the gear

4: sprocket 9: hydraulic piston

5: control valve 10: return spring


First Cam Phaser Solution in Series Production of Mercedes Benz in

1989


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1989


Cam Phaser Solution VANOS of BMW


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Cam Phaser Solution of Porsche by Using the Principle of Chain

Length Variation


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Length Variation


First Porsche Cam Phaser in Series Production


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Hydraulical Circuit of the Porsche Cam Phaser Principle


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Unit of two Cam Phasers using the Vane Type Principle

at the Volkswagen six cylinder engine


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at the Volkswagen six cylinder engine


Components of a Cam Phaser using the Vane Type Principle


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Von- Mises Stresses at the Stator and Rotor of a Cam Phaser with the

Vane Type Principle


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a e ype c p e


Systems Control Circuit of a Vane Type Cam Phaser for Spark

Ignition Engines


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g g


Example of a Vane Type Cam Phaser with the Hydraulic Propotional

Valve at the Front of the Cam Phaser


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CTA- Cam Phaser Principle of DELPHI


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Detail development at Cam Phaser- Systems,

the VaneCam System of the Hydraulik-Ring Company


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Hydraulic Locking pindamping

between

between rotor

and rotor

rotorhousing

,

camphaser

with stator

in plastic

Electro h draulic solenoid 12


Price Reduction for Cam Phasers with New Technical Generations


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100

80

M[

%]

60

e

OE

20

40

Pri

Massproduction

0

8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2

198

199

199

199

199

199

200

200

200

200

200

201

201

Year




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Valve Lift and Timing Variations Systems


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Honda VTEC- System for Rocker Fingers;

the First Series Production Solution for Two Valve Contours


50/108


Honda VTEC- System for a Rocker Arm Design in Motion


51/108


Honda VTEC for Tappet Solutions


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Mitsubishi MIVEC System for Rocker Arm Solutions


53/108


Mitsubishi MIVEC System


54/108


Mitsubishi MIVEC System for Rocker Finger Solutions


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Toyota VVA- System for Two Cam Contours for Rocker Fingers


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role

lost motion

element gliding

con ac


y rau c p s on

Valve Train with Roller Rocker Finger

Possibilities for the Location of the Valve Train Variation


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location of the valve train variation

B: at the hydraulic lash adjuster

D: at the lever body


Audi AVS-System in Production


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Location A: at the cam


INA Patent Application for a Hydraulic Lash Adjuster for Two Lift

Positions


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Location B: at the hydraulic lash adjuster


DE 19952909

Ford Patent Application for a Switch Able Roller Rocker Finger


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Location C: at the role pivot

DE 19801604,


Patent application of Ford

Patent Application for the Variation of the Role Pivot

in a Rocker Finger


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Location D: at the lever body

DE 10211038, Patent


application of Ford

Switch Able Roller Rocker Finger

Patent Application of Ford


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Location D: at the lever body


DE 19700316

Summary of Two Step Variable Valve Variation on

Production Engines


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Comparative Investigation of the Actuating System of two Step

Variable Valve Timing Systems


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eva ua on cr er a o e

systems actuating system

y rau ca y

actuatedelectro magnetically actuated

good, because of possibility single

actuation

upgrading option in existing cylinder difficult because of the oillow with low valve variability

synchronisation at shifting difficult to realize easy to realize

package of the system low high

high because of difficult to evaluate because of higher

undefined patent situation complexity

electrical equipment easy with low variability low at lower variability

additional cost compared to standard

cylinder head

Lower than an electro

magnetically actuation

high with higher variability, i.e. for

single valve actuation


Patent situation difficult to overview less basic patents

Continuously Variation of the Valve Opening Duration and the Valve

Lift Duration


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Introduction in several concepts

Valvetronic MIVEC VVEL Valvematic Advanced UniValve


Concept: Pure Variable Valve Lift

Concept: Pure Variable Valve Opening Variation


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pure va ve var a on

pure valve opening duration variation


Variable Valve Lift Variation

Exam le of a S stem from INA


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Concept: Continuously Variation of the Valve Opening Duration and

the Valve Lift Duration; Throttle Free Load Control


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Valvetronic I Solution: Movie


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Valvetronic I Solution for the BMW 8- Cylinder Engine


70/108


Valvetronic II System of BMWa Concept for Throttle Free Load Control


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Valvetronic II System of BMW


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Valvetronic II Intermediate Lever


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Valvetronic II Principle in Motion


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Extra Video

Nissan VVEL- System


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Mitsubishi Continuously Variable Valve Timing System


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Toyota Valvematic- System


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Overview of CVVL- Systems on Series Production


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System Naumann, DE 10036373


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applications can be found

or pus ro eng nes


System DaimlerChrysler, DE 19745715


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solution with two

camshafts and

a lidin link


System Eaton


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with only

camshaft


System Jrvi, University Helsinki


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the working curve is a part of the control shaft


System FEV / Mahle


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the intermediate lever is

moun e a e ro er

rocker finger

for the variation of thevalve lift the coulisse


System BMW, DE 10123186


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drives makes a pure turning

the turning point

is moved inside

a fixed guide




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Palivaventi , a new Patent and Literature Data Base for VariableValve Timing Systems, http://www.palivaventi.com


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p: www.pa vaven .com


Source [14]



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PDF- file

detail view


earc resu


detail view


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search result


search mask

Trends of Patent Applications

Patent application activity has continued to rise in the past ten years


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Patent application strategy has become more important

Many patent applications are submitted although their ideas are

already known from very old patents

Direct-injection gasoline engines will also need variable valve timing

Combinations of camshaft positioning and cam switching systems, or

those with continuously variable valve lift characteristics, are possible

The main emphasis in patent applications is on three areas:

- EVT electro- mechanical valve train VVA-Grou 1.1

- Camphaser, (VVA-Group 2.1.1.1)

- Cam switching systems, (VVA-Group 2.1.2.1)


Number of Patent Applications of VVA- Group 1.1for the Years 1980 2000, Electro- Mechanical Systems

184

200


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184

160

180

ions

133140

pplicat

103

100

atent

6060

erof

6 10 14 9

20 19 10 6

1920

40

N

um

0

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000


Year

Number of Patent Applications of VVA- Group 2.1.1.1 for the Years1980 2000, Camphasers

114120

105


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105

97 98100ions

83

80ppl

ica

6357

60

atent

3940

berof

4

12 13 13 17 18 1520

Num

0

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000


Year


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From the Operational Principle to Series Production,Hydraulical actuated Systems, from Bosch to Fiat


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Fiat, [10]

Explanation:1 inlet valve, 2 brake piston, 3 cam, 4 tappet

Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, [email protected]

, appe c am er, s ng e so eno va ve7 pressure chamber

From the Operational Principle to Series Production,Hydraulical Actuated Systems, from Bosch to Fiat


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Principle of the UniValve System by theenTec Consulting Company


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Valve Contour Variabilities of the UniValve System of theenTec CONSULTING Company

-Two camphasers,


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-- Valve lift and valve opening duration variation,

- Phasing between adjacent valves,

- Roller rocker fin er solutions

- Variability on the exhaust valve side?

- ,


Principle of the UniValve System by theenTec Consulting Company


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UniValve Integration into a Four-Cylinder Test Engine


98/108


Comparative Investigation with UniValve,BSFC over inlet Spread at the Naturally Aspirated Engine


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+ 2 x


From the Operational Principle to Series Production, Cam LessHydraulical Actuated System, from Engler to Daimler Chrysler


100/108


DaimlerChrysler, 1998

,

Patent US 885,459, 1908

From the Operational Principle to Series Production,Cam Less Electro Hydraulic Variable Valve Actuation


101/108


Audi, Patent DE 3708373, 1987 Siemens- System, 1999


n ro uc on


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Outlook,Fuel Consumption Potentials with Variable Valve Actuation

spread

variation


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- +contourswitching

-valve

lift variation

valve

-variation

+ + + + +

duration

variation


- neutral; + good; + + very good; + + + best

The Basis of Throttle Free Load Control: The UniValve System


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Copyright: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilhelm Hannibal, Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen, University of Applied Science, Iserlohn, Germany, [email protected] Fig. 104

Experimental 1-Cylinder Engine, UniValve on Both Valve Sides


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Conclusion and Outlook; Experimental 1-Cylinder Engine withvariable Com ression Ratio and Full Variable Valve Train


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Actual Development Activities in the Field of Cylinder Heads


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Thank you very much for your attention


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vorlesung ungarn hannibal d

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