Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8

Earth, Water, Air, Fire

The World of Work The Fat of the Land

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Un

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01 Introduction : Earth, Air, Water, Fire . . .02 Knowledge

What are natural disasters?

Main ingredients of natural disasters

Examples of natural disasters?

03 ExercisesVocabulary

Comprehension

Summary

introduction

knowledge

exercises

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introduction

knowledge

exercises

Un

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About This Lesson

We will learn about natural disasters. How they happen, why they happen, when and where they happen.

We will learn about the different types of natural disasters and the qualities and characteristics that each one has.

We will learn new vocabulary that are commonly used when describing natural disasters by using real-life accounts of natural disasters that occurred in history.

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knowledge

What are natural disasters?

Disaster :Something bad that happens unexpectedlymisfortune | catastrophe | terrible event

Natural :Something that exists or happens ordinarily in the world.

SO what are natural disasters ???

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knowledge

Main ingredients of natural disasters

earth

air

water

fire

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knowledge

Name these different kinds ofNATURAL DISASTERS

This is a remnant from an EARTHQUAKE

• The tsunami in Aceh was caused by an earthquake

• Earthquakes usually leave cracks on the ground

• TREMOR is a movie about an earthquake disaster

This is a TORNADO

• Tornadoes are like vacuum cleaners of the sky.

• Tornadoes are caused by air pressure.

• TWISTER is a movie about tornadoes.

This is a satellite picture of a HURRICANE

• Hurricanes are caused by differing air pressures

• Hurricanes usually start from the seas and oceans

• Hurricanes have human names like Andrew, Cindy and Emily

This is a VOLCANO spewing out molten lava

• Volcanoes usually throw out hot molten lava

• Volcanoes can sometimes start other natural disasters like …

• DANTE’S PEAK and VOLCANO are both movies about volcanic eruptions

This is a THUNDERSTORM

• Unless you are outside, thunderstorms are safe

• High buildings usually have lightning poles that prevent lightning from hitting anyone.

• Thunderstorms can be accompanied by rain, snow, hail and even tornadoes.

This is a METEOR striking earth

• It is said dinosaurs became extinct due to this

• The earth has several large craters; remnants from meteor strikes

• ARMAGEDDON and DEEP IMPACT is a movie about a meteors hitting earth

This is FLOOD

• Floods are usually caused by heavy downpours

• But can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, and recently the tsunami

• THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW is a movie that partly shows how flood can be terrifying.

This is land affected by DROUGHT

• Drought usually occurs when rainfall is scarce

• Brunei experienced a dry spell during the El Nino phenomenon

EarthAir

WaterFire

EarthAir

WaterFire

weather

climate

space / cosmic

weather

climate

space / cosmic

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knowledge

introduction

exercises

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Un

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Pictures | Krakatau

Un

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Pictures | Krakatau

Un

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Pictures | Mount St. Helens

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Vocabulary Comprehension

Other exercises

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Choose one of the three exercises by clicking on

them.

Read the instructions carefully on how to attempt

these exercises.

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Vocabulary

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Find out themeanings

of words used in the passage.

Use your dictionary and textbook for this task.

Exercise 3 - Page 78

Words 1 to 4

Words 5 to 8

Other words

Section 3 - Page 85

Weather words

Exercise 2 - Page 85

Other words

Attempt All

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Comprehension

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Answer these comprehension questions using the passage as your guide.

Literal Questions

Paragraphs 2 - 3

Paragraphs 4 - 5

Paragraphs 6 - 7

ReorganisationExercise 4 – Page 78

Questions Set 1

Questions Set 2

Supplementary

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Other exercises

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Summary

Listening

In this section, we have different types of exercises and games to choose from. Each exercise demands a certain skill to be used. The links below provide hints on what each exercise is all about.

Writing a report

Compare & Contrast

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Can you see me?That is because I am invisible!

Ta-daa!

Now let us learn new words!

The mountain is beginning to bulgeoutwards!

Gah! That was a loud and scary blast of lava!

*cough*The volcano is beginning to emit black smoke. *cough*

My oh my!The eruption caused an immense wave.Take cover!

Oh dear!Look at the remnants of the village!How unfortunate…

Vocab

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It is time to test you on vocabulary!

See if you can answer these questions

The closest meaning to ‘Invisible’ is:

A. Easily seen

B. Strong and unconquerable

C. Cannot be seen

D. Cannot be divided

E. Not very clear

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A

B

C

D

E

Instructions

Help

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What sentence uses ‘Emit’ correctly?

A.The gun emits lasers when fired.

B.Loud noises were emitted from the speakers.

C.He emitted a smile at the girl.

D.He is an emit because he is loud.

Vocab

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A . B . C

A . B . C . D

C . D

A . B

A . B . D

Instructions

Help

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What can be said as ‘immense’?

A. An island of penguins.

B. The planet Neptune.

C. A small grain of salt.

D. A very salty taste.

E. The Tsunami death toll.

Vocab

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A . B . D

A . B . C . D

A . B . E

A . B . D . E

A . B . C . D . E

Instructions

Help

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Which is the closest meaning to ‘overwhelmed’?

A. To walk to the other side.

B. To overcome by force.

C. To lose shamefully.

D. To exaggerate.

E. To put too much pressure.

Vocab

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A

B

C

D

E

Instructions

Help

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Vocab

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A . B

B . C . D

A . C . D

A . B . C . D

None

Instructions

Help

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Which animals are bulging?A B

C D

Which of these words are related to ‘blast’?

A. Bomb.

B. Explosion.

C. Eruption.

D. Melting.

E. Whisper.

Vocab

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A . B

A . B . C . E

A . D . E

A . C . D . E

A . B . C

Instructions

Help

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What is a thicket?

A. A pass to enter a cinema.

B. Something to wear.

C. Water that is turbulent.

D. A tall glass.

E. Thick shrubs or bushes.

Vocab

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A

B

C

D

E

Instructions

Help

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It was one of the Indonesian volcanoes that produced the most catastrophic explosion yet recorded. In 1883, a small island named Krakatau, seven kilometres long by five kilo-metres wide, lying between Sumatra and Java, began to emit clouds of smoke. As the eruptions continued, ash rained down on the decks of ships sailing nearby and electric flames played in their rigging. Day after day, enormous quantities of ash and lava blocks were thrown out from the crater, accompanied by deafening explosions. But the underground chamber from which all this material was coming was slowly emptying. At 10am on 28th August, the rock roof of the chamber could bear the weight of the ocean and its floor no longer. It collapsed.

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Millions of tons of water fell onto the molten lava in the chamber and two-thirds of the island fell on top of it. The result was an explosion that produced the loudest sound ever to echo around the world in recorded history. It was heard over three thousands kilometres away in Australia. Five thousand kilometres away, on the small island of Rodriguez, the commander of the British garrison thought it was the sound of distant gunfire. A great wind swept away from the site and circled the earth seven times before it finally died away. Most catastrophic of all, the explosion formed an immense wave in the sea. As it travelled towards the coast of Java, it became a wall of water as high as a four-storey house. It picked up a naval gunboat, carried it two kilometres inland and dumped it on top of a hill. It overwhelmed village after village along the thickly populated coast. Over 36, 000 people died.

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The biggest explosion of recent years occurred on the other side of the Pacific, along the western coast of North America. Until 1980, Mount St. Helens was famous for the beautiful shape of its cone. It rose nearly 3,000 metres high and was crowned with snow the year round. In March that year, warning rumbles began to come from it. Steam and smoke rose from its peak, dusting the snow cap with streaks of grey. All through April, the column of smoke grew. The northern flank of the mountain, about 1,000 metres below the summit, began to bulge outwards. The swelling grew at a rate of about two metres a day. Then, at half past eight on the morning of 18th May, the mountain exploded.

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Paragraph 5

The northwest face, about a cubic kilometre of it, simply blew out. The trees that had clothed the lower slopes of the mountain, over an area of 200 square kilometres, were laid flat as though they were matches. A immense black cloud rose above the mountain, towering 20 kilometres into the sky. Few people live close to the volcanoand there had been a lot of warning, but even so 60 people were killed. Geologists assumed that the explosion was 2, 500 times as powerful as the nuclear blast that destroyed the city of Hiroshima.

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Paragraph 6Nothing can live on a volcano immediately after its

eruption. If there has been an explosion, steam, smoke, and poisonous gas will continue to billow up from the crater for weeks. However, Krakatau shows how complete a recovery can be. Fifty years after the catastrophe, a small vent spouting fire arose from the sea. The people call it Anak - the child of - Krakatau. Already it has thickets of casuarina and wild sugar cane growing on its flanks.

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Paragraphs 7 and 8

A remnant of the old island, now called Rakata, lies a mile or so away across the sea. The slopes that a century ago were bare are now covered by a dense tropical forest. Some of the seeds from which it sprang must have floated here across the sea. Others were carried by the wind or brought on the feet or in the stomachs of birds. In this forest live many winged creatures – birds, butterflies, and other insects – that clearly had little difficulty in reaching the island from the mainland 40 kilometres away. Pythons, monitor lizards and rats have also reached here, perhaps on floating rafts of vegetation.

The tropical forest has, within a century, reclaimed Krakatau. Without much doubt, the coniferous forest, in another century, will have reclaimed Mountr St. Helens.

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Question 1

What three different effects of the Krakatau eruption were experienced at some distance from the island?

Question 2

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Question 2

Which of the two eruptions killed more people?

Question 3

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Krakatau

St. Helens

Over 36 000 !

60 people

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Question 3

Put these explosions in order of increasing power:(a) Krakatau (b) St. Helens (c) the nuclear bomb at Hiroshima

Question 2

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3rd

1st

2nd

Compare and Contrast

• Find at least 8 differences between the two volcanoes

• Write down the differences in full sentences

Seq

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By now we have gone through the passage ‘Exploding Mountains’ and have attempted the questions it came with.

As homework, finish up the questions that are to be completed.

The next lesson we will look at another kind of natural disaster.

Introduction

Theory

Exercises

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Introduction

Theory

Exercises

Not available.This space is just an example to show the potential of this multimedia CD

Not available.This space is just an example to show the potential of this multimedia CD

Introduction

Theory

Exercises

Not available.This space is just an example to show the potential of this multimedia CD

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Bingo !

You got the right answer !

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Professor Bean believes that you should attempt the other questions. Press the button below to go back to the last question and proceed from there.

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Ta Da !

Well done! You answered correctly!

Professor Bean acknowledges your potential. Press the button below to go back to the last question and proceed further from there.

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No, no, no…

Your answer is incorrect.

Professor Bean says “Tsk, tsk. You got to be kidding! Try the question again by pressing the tiny button below. If you get it wrong again, you will not get cookies”.

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Oh no !

You answer is wrong!

“Take a look at the question and read it carefully,” says Professor Bean.

Try the question again by pressing the button below.

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No, absolutely.

Sorry, wrong answer!

Bean says “You better improve your reading skills or erm, erm…just push the cutesy button below!”.

Try the question again by pressing the button below.

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