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There are 150 excellent photographsand 51 line drawings, charts and maps,each of which illustrates some pointemphasized in the text. I recommendthis book to teachers for use at almostany level of instruction.

R. A. STIRTONMuseum of Palentology,University of California, Berkeley

Auxins to 1959

Les Phytohormones de Croissance.Methods, chimie, biochimie, physiol-ogie, applications pratiques. Paul-Jtmile Pilet. Masson, Paris, 1961.775 pp. Illus.

In the last 10 years the auxins havecertainly been thoroughly written up;first Soding's Die Wuchsstofflehre(1952), then Audus' Plant Growth Sub-stances (1953; ed. 2, 1959), Leopold'sAuxins and Plant Growth (1955), myL'Origine -et les Fonctions des Auxines(1956), and Linser and Kiermayer'sMethoden zur Bestimmung pflanzlicherWuchsstoffe (1957); there have beentwo full-sized symposia (in Wye, 1955,and in New York, 1959) and numeroussmaller ones, and several chapters inlarge books. All this is not to mentiona considerable number of special andgeneral reviews. Now comes Pilet (him-self an active contributor to the field ofgrowth and auxins), with a 774-pagebook that covers the literature through1959. Unlike several of the other au-thors, Pilet emphasizes pure sciencerather than horticultural uses. System-atically, he treats (in order) methods,chemistry, biochemistry, physiology,and practical applications. The litera-ture coverage is extensive and thorough;although it includes only papers pub-lished since 1937, the list (with titles)still occupies no less than 105 pages.

In some parts of the field, criticalevaluation would have been more use-ful than such complete reporting. Forexample, it is noted (page 328) that2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid pro-motes the oxidation of indoleaceticacid, but it is not mentioned that thiswas traced to 2,4-dichlorophenol as animpurity. It is noted too that severalworkers using the diffusion techniquefound that the molecular weight fornatural auxin in seedlings was 306 to384, while others found 155 to 200.But, except for drawing attention to theprobable error of such measurements,

2034

no real explanation of these discrepan-cies is attempted. It is a pity, too, toperpetuate the old statement that in-doleacetonitrile gives rise to indoleace-tic acid via the amide, for this has beendisproved; the amide is neither an inter-mediate nor an effective substrate forthe enzyme.A 40-page chapter, "Other hor-

mones," treats of kinins, gibberellins,and the postulated calines. Here we findthe surprising statement (page 385):"Theoretically, it is certain that a calinecontrols (preside a) root formation,but it must be recognized that we knownothing either of its chemical structureor its biological properties, and no onehas been able to extract it or to makean analysis of its biochemical charac-ters." This seems to make the calineabout as substantial, and as useful totheory, as the luminiferous ether, andone wonders whether such faith mightnot be better tempered with a desirefor evidence.

The section on physiology contains agood discussion-of auxin transport andits complications and another of therole of auxin in tissue cultures, a re-view which, though brief, is a newand very useful departure. Pilet has anice gift for making up little tables anddiagrams, often bringing together theresults of several workers. If the dia-grams are sometimes not as easy tounderstand as a table would have been,they are, in any-event, better than adesert of text.The book is, alas, not free from the

usual misprints and misspellings, espe-cially in the bibliography, but it is veryunderstandable that the elan whichdrives one to assemble 105 pages ofreferences might well be exhaustedwhen the time 4comes to correct theproofs. - 'What a pity that Pilet's clear exposi-

tion and beautifully phrased Frenchwill be lost on so many of our studentswho no longer learn to read the lan-guage.

KENNETH V. THIMANNBiological Laboratories,Harvard University

New Books

Mathematics, Physical Sciencesand Engineering

Advances in Inorganic Chemistry andRadiochemistry. vol. 3. H. J. Emeleus andA. G. Sharpe, Eds. Academic Press, NewYork, 1961. 463 pp. Illus. $12.50.

Anodic Oxide Films. L. Young. Aca-demic Press, New York, 1961. 390 pp.Illus. $1 1.

Astronomical Spectroscopy. A. D.Thackery. Macmillan, New York, 1961.256 pp. Illus. $3.95.The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Com-

pounds. G. M. Badger. Academic Press,New York, 1961. 506 pp. Illus. $12.

Cosmology. H. Bondi. Cambridge Univ.Press, New York, ed. 3, 1961. 182 pp.Illus. Paper, $2.45.

Dispersion Relations and the AbstractApproach to Field Theory. Lewis Klein,Ed. Gordon and Breach, New York, 1961.284 pp. Illus. $4.95.

Electronic Equipment Design and Con-struction. Geoffrey W. A. Dummer, CleoBrunetti, and Low K. Lee. McGraw-Hill,New York, 1961. 248 pp. Illus. $8.50.

Elements of Queueing Theory. With ap-plications. Thomas L. Saaty. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961. 438 pp. $11.50.Fundamentals of Heat Transfer. H.

Grober and S. Erk (revised by UlrichGrigull). McGraw-Hill, New York, ed. 3,1961. 539 pp. Illus. $15.Gyrodynamics and Its Engineering Ap-

plications. Ronald N. Arnold and LeonardMaunder. Academic Press, New York,1961. 494 pp. $14.Instruments and Measurements. Chemi-

cal analysis, electric quantities, nucleonics,and process control. vols. I and 2. H. vonKoch and G. Ljungberg, Eds. AcademicPress, New York, 1961. 1227 pp. Illus.vol. 1, $16; vol. 2, $22.Mass, Length and Time. Norman Fea-

ther. Pelican Books, Baltimore, Md., 1961.367 pp. Illus. Paper, $1.45.The Mathematical Theory of Linear

Systems. B. M. Brown. Wiley, New York,1961. 278 pp. Illus. $8.Modern Magnetism. L. F. Bates. Cam-

bridge Univ. Press, New York, ed. 4, 1961.526 pp. Illus. Paper, $2.95; cloth, $7.50.

Physical Methods in Chemical Analysis.vol. 4. Walter G. Berl, Ed. AcademicPress, New York, 1961. 487 pp. Illus. $16.

Principles and Applications of Elec-tromagnetic Fields. Robert Plonsey andRobert E. Collin. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, 1961. 570 pp. Illus. $12.75.

Proceedings of the International Con-ference on Semiconductor Physics, Prague,1960. Academic Press, New York, 1961.1133 pp. Illus. $35.Random Variables and Probability

Distributions. Harald Cramer. CambridgeUniv. Press, New York, 1961. 128 pp.Paper, $4.Reagent Chemicals and Standards.

Joseph Rosin. Van Nostrand, Princeton,N.J., ed. 4, 1961. 565 pp. $14.50.

Soviet Chemistry Today. V. I. Spitsyn.National Acad. of Sciences-National Re-search Council, Washington, D.C., 1961.302 pp. Illus. $2.50.

Valency and Molecular Structure. E.Cartmell and G. W. A. Fowles. AcademicPress, New York, ed. 2, 1961. 306 pp.Illus. $7.

Understanding Digital Computers. PaulSiegel. Wiley, New York, 1961. 413 pp.Illus. $8.50.

Unit Operations of Sanitary Engineer-ing. Linvil G. Rich. Wiley, New York,1961. 319 pp. Illus. $10.75.

SCIENCE. VOL. 134

Misceilaneous Publications(Inquiries concerning these publications shouldbe addressed, not to Science, but to the publisheror agency sponsoring the publication.)

American Museum of Natural History.92nd Annual Report. July 1960 to June1961 (100 pp.). Bulletin, vol. 121, art. 3,"The frogs of eastern New South Wales,"John A. Moore (385 pp., plates, $6).vol. 122, art. 1, "Geographic variationin some reproductive characteristics ofdiurnal squirrels," Joseph Curtis Moore(32 pp. $1); art. 2, pp. 37-185, "Cranialmorphology of the Hadrosaurian dino-saurs of North America," John H. Os-trom ($2.50); art. 3, pp. 191-301, "Areview of the bats of Trinidad and To-bago," George G. Goodwill and ArthurM. Greenhall (plates, $4), art. 4, pp.307-408, "A generic revision and phylo-genetic study of the family Kalotermiti-dae (Isoptera)," Kumar Krishna ($1.50);art. 5, pp. 413-464, "Pseudoscorpionsfrom Colorado," C. Clayton Hoff ($1).The Museum, New York, 1961.

Association for Applied Solar Energy."Research frontiers in solar energy utili-zation, proceedings" (special issue ofJournal of Solar Energy, September 1961).The Association, Arizona State Univ.,Tempe, 1961. 59 pp. Illus. Papers pre-sented during the 98th annual meetingof the National Academy of Sciences.

British Museum (Natural History).Bulletin Geology, vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 18-310, "The old red sandstone of BrownClee Hill and the adjacent area." pt. 1,"Stratigraphy," Harold William Ball andDavid Lawrence Dinelley; pt. 2, "Pa-leontology," Errol Ivor White. TheMuseum, London, 1961. Plate. 70s.

Canada, National Research Council."Building research, 1960." The Council,Ottawa, Canada, 1961. 89 pp. $1.

Colorado School of Mines. Quarterly,vol. 56, No. 3, pts. 1 and 2, "Fiftiethanniversary of froth flotation in theU.S.A." Colorado School of Mines,Golden, 1961. 600 pp. Proceedings of asymposium held 17-20 September 1961.

Geophysics Research Directorate. Re-search Notes, No. 62, "Bibliography oflunar and planetary research, 1960 (withannotations)," John W. Salisbury andLynne T. Salisbury (50 pp.); No. 63,"Flight information and experimental re-sults of inflatable falling sphere systemfor measuring upper-air density," G. A.Faucher, R. W. Procunier, and C. N.Stark (29 pp.); No. 64, "Maximum windsand missile response," Henry A. Sal-mela and Arnold Court (8 pp.); No. 65,"Meteorological evaluation and applica-tion of rainfall radioactivity data," PerB. Storebo (27 pp.). The Directorate, AirForce Cambridge Research Laboratories,Bedford, Mass., 1961 (order from Office ofTechnical Services, Washington 25).

Great Britain, Medical Research Coun-cil. Special Report, No. 300, "Cerebralinfarction: the role of stenosis of theextracranial cerebral arteries," Peter 0.

Yates and Edward C. Hutchinson. HerMajesty's Stationery Office, London, 1961.(order from British Information Services,New York). 95 pp. $2.65.

International Council of Scientific22 DECEMBER 1961

Unions, Committee on Space Research."Cospar international reference atmos-phere, 1961." Compiled by H. Kallman-Bijl, R. L. F. Boyd, H. Lagow, S. M.Poloskov, and W. Priester. North-Holland,Amsterdam; Interscience, New York,1961. 189 pp. Illus. $3.

Joint Committee on Atomic Energy,Subcommittee on Research, Development,and Radiation. Hearings before the 87thCongress. "Operations under the indem-nity provisions of the Atomic EnergyAct of 1954." Superintendent of Docu-ments, GPO, Washington, D.C., 1961.180 pp.Malayan Nature Society. "Nature con-

servation in western Malaysia, 1961"(Malayan Nature Journal, 21st anniver-sary, special issue), J. Wyatt-Smith andP. R. Wycherley, Eds. The Society, KualaLumpur, Malaya, 1961. 260 pp. Paper,$1.70; cloth, $2.50.

National Vitamin Foundation. AnnualReport. 1 January 1960-31 December1960. The Foundation, New York, 1961.131 pp.Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies.

Fifteenth Annual Report. The Institute,Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1961. 56 pp.San Diego Society of Natural History.

Transactions, vol.- 12, No. 28. "Marinemollusks from Los ARgeles Bay, Gulf ofCalifornia." James H. McLean. pp. 449-476. The Society, San Diego, Calif., 1961.Smithsonian Institution. Annual Report,

1960, 605 pp. Contributions to Astro-physics, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 97-129, "Pre-cision orbits of 413 photographic me-teors" [corrected copy] Luigi G. Jac-chia and Fred L. Whipple ($0.25); vol.5, No. 9, pp. 114-143, "Rotation of anearth satellite in flight along its orbit,"Yusuke Hagihara ($0.30). Supt. of Docu-ments, GPO, Washington, D.C., 1961.

Smithsonian Institution, AstrophysicalObservatory. Research in Space Science,Special Report No. 74, "On the ac-curacy of measurements made uponfilms photographed by Baker-Nunn satel-lite tracking cameras," Karoly Lassov-szky (16 pp.); No. 75, "Density of theheterosphere related to temperature,"Marcel Nicolet (30 pp.); No. 76, "Effectsof the earth's ionosphere on HF radioastronomy from artificial satellites," M.D. Grossi, K. M. Strom, and S. E.Strom (16 pp.). Smithsonian AstrophysicalObservatory, Cambridge 38, Mass., 1961.

Smithsonian Institution. MiscellaneousCollections, vol. 143, No. 5, "A long-range temperature forecast," C. G. Abbot.The Institution, Washington, D.C., 1961.46 pp.

Tulane Studies in Zoology. vol. 9, No.1, "Larval trematodes from the ApalacheeBay area, Florida, with a checklist ofknown marine Cercariae arranged in akey to their superfamilies," Rhodes B.Holliman. Tulane Univ., New Orleans,La., 1961. 74 pp. Illus. $1.50.

University of Kansas, Museum ofNatural History. Miscellaneous Publica-tions, No. 27, "Land and fresh-watermammals of the Ungava Peninsula,"Francis Harper. The Museum, Lawrence,Kan., 1961. 178 pp. $2.

University of Michigan, Museum ofZoology. Occasional Papers, No. 620,

"Some effects of Volcan Paricutin onvertebrates," William Henry Burt (24pp.); No. 621, "Two collections of birdsfrom Campeche, Mexico," Robert W.Storer (20 pp.); No. 622, "Variation, lifecolors, and ecology of Cichlasoma cal-lolipis, a cichlid fish from southern Mex-ico, with a discussion of the Thorichthysspecies group," Robert Rush Miller andBernard C. Nelson (9 pp.); No. 623,"The glans penis in Proechimys and othercaviomorph rodents," Emmet T. Hooper(18 pp.). The Museum, Ann Arbor, Mich.,1961.

University of Puerto Rico, Institute ofCaribbean Studies. Caribbean Studies,vol. 1, No. 2. The University, Rio Piedras,P.R., 1961. 53 pp.

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.TID-3562, "Cobalt in biological metabo-lism," a literature search compiled byCharlie M. Pierce (121 pp., $2.50); TID-13358, "Offsite ecological research of thedivision of biology and medicine-ter-restrial and freshwater" (138 pp., $2.50);TID-7614, "Proceedings of the sym-posium on uranium carbides as reactorfuel materials" (held 4 April 1961) (153pp., $1.50). The Commission, Washing-ton, D.C., 1961 (available from Officeof Technical Services, Washington, D.C.).

U.S. Bureau of Census. Foreign SocialScience Bibliographies, Series P-92, No.3, "Bibliography of social science period-icals and monograph series: MainlandChina, 1949-1960," compiled by ForeignManpower Research Office. Superintendentof Documents, GPO, Washington, D.C.,1961. 32 pp. $0.25.

U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Publ.62-1 "Tellurometer manual" (rev. ed.),Austin C. Poling. Superintendent ofDocuments, GPO, Washington, D.C.,1961. 76 pp. $0.45.

U.S. Geological Survey. Bulletin, No.1032-E, pp. 223-272, Geology and OreDeposits of Clear Creek, Gilpin, andLarimer Counties, Colorado: "Petrogra-phy of radioactive tertiary igneous rocks,Front Range mineral belt, Colorado,"John D. Wells (Maps. 1960). ProfessionalPaper, No. 303-C, pp. 47-167, Explora-tion of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4and Adjacent Areas, Northern Alaska,1944-53: "Geology of the Utukok-Corwinregion, northwestern Alaska," (pt. 3)Areal Geology," Robert M. Chapmanand Edward G. Sable (Maps. 1960); No.305-K, pp. 569-644, "Core tests and testwells Barrow area, Alaska (pt. 5), Sub-surface geology and engineering data,"(Maps. 1961). No. 357, "Chattanoogashale and related rocks of central Ten-nessee and nearby areas, Louis C. Conantand Vernon E. Swanson. (91 pp. Maps.1961). Superintendent of Documents,GPO, Washington, D.C.

U.S. National Bureau of Standards.Applied Mathematics Series, No. 58,"Fractional factorial designs for experi-ments with factors at two and threelevels," W. S. Connor and Shirley Young(65 pp., $0.40). NBS Monograph, No. 37,"International practical temperature scaleof -1948, text revision of 1960," H. F.Stimpson (8 pp., $0.10). Superintendentof Documents, GPO, Washington, D.C.,1961.

2035

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2048

MeetingsPlant Phenolics

The recent increase of interest in thebiology and chemistry of the phenolicconstituents of plants becomes immedi-ately apparent on inspection of thetable of contents of many of the world'sbiological and chemical publications.However, workers in the various fieldsin which there is an interest in theplant phenolics are widely scatteredthroughout departments of botany,biology, biochemistry, chemistry, micro-biology, pharmacy, pharmacology, andforestry, in universities, research insti-tutes, government agencies, and indus-try. There is consequently almost no

common meeting place for people withsuch interests, with the result that thereis little discussion and exchange of in-formation between workers in the dif-ferent disciplines.

ln 1956 the Plant Phenolics Groupwas founded in England as an informalorgianization with the aims of promoting"the advancement of the knowledge ofphenolic and related constituents ofplants in respect of their chemistry,function, biosynthesis, effect on plantand animal physiology and pathology,and the application of such knowledgein agriculture and industry." Since itsfounding the Plant Phenolics Grouphas been very successful in achievingthese aims, holding two or three meet-ings per year. The proceedings of many

of these meetings have been published.At the 9th International Botanical

Congress in Montreal in 1959, discus-sions with various biochemists andphysiologists interested in plant phenolicsubstances led to the idea that a sisterorganization be fornied in North Amer-ica. The largest problem involved informing such a group on this continent,of course, results from the geographicalsize of North America, which wouldprohibit such a group from meetingmore often than once a year.

An organizing comnmittee consistingof T. A. Geissman (University of Cali-fornia), V. C. Runeckles (ImperialTobacco Company of Canada), andG. H. N. Towers (McGill) distributeda letter to interested persons in 1960,the response to which was so enthusias-tic as to encourage the committee tomake plans for an inaugural meeting.

This was held at Colorado State Uni-versity, Fort Collins, from 31 Augustto 1 September 1961, and took theform of a symposium on the bio-

chemistry of plant phenolic substances.The meeting was sponsored by the Na-tional Science Foundation, under thedirection of G. Johnson (ColoradoState University) and T. A. Geissman.

Papers were presented as follows:"Recent studies on the structures andbitterness of the flavonoid glycosides ofcitrus" (R. M. Horowitz, U.S. Depart-ment of Agriculture); "Biosynthesis ofplant phenols" (S. A. Brown, NationalResearch Council, Saskatoon); "Nat-urally occurring biflavonyls" (N.Kawano, University of Nagasaki);"Metabolic fate of phenolic substancesin animals" (A. N. Booth, U.S. Depart-ment of Agriculture); "Role of plantphenolics in disease resistance and im-munity" (I. Uritani, Nagoya Univer-sity); "Melanin and its formlation" (G.A. Swan, University of Durhamn); and"Estrogenic-like substances in plants"(E. M. Bickoff, U.S. Departmiient ofAgriculture).

Over 60 delegates attended thesymlposiumii, the last session of whichwas devoted to founding the PlantPhenolics Group of North America.The officers elected were as follows:president, S. H. Wender (University ofOklahoma); vice-president, L. Jurd(U.S. Department of AgriCulture); andsecretary-treasurer, V. C. Runeckles.

It was agreed at the founding meet-ing that membership be open to allpersons interested in the Group's aims,on application to the secretary, Dr. V.C. Runeckles, P.O. Box 6500, Mont-real.

V. C. RUNECKLESImiiperial Tobacco Company of Caniada,Montr-eal

Forthcoming Events

January

2-3. California Assoc. of ChemistryTeachers, San Luis Obispo, Calif. (R.Major, 1736 N. Sierra Bonita Ave., Holly-wood 46, Calif.)

8-12. International Heat Transfer Conf.,InstituLtion of Mechanical Engineers,London, England. (Secretary, IME, 1 Bird-cage Walk. Westminster, London, S.W. )

8-12. Society of Automotive Engineers,annual. Detroit, Mich. (R. W. Crory, SAE,485 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.)

8-13. Central Treaty Organization, Roleof Science in Naturail Resources, Lahore,Pakistan. (Office of Intern. Conferences,Dept. of State, Washington 25)

9-11. Reliability and Quality Control,8th natl. symp., Institute of Radio Engi-neers and American Inst. of ElectricalEngineers, Washington. D.C. (ScientificLiaison Office, Natl. Research Council,Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ont., Canada)

SCIENCE, VOL. 134

Recent AAAS Symposium Volumes#69. Biophysics of Physiological and Pharmacological #64. Calcification in Biological Systems.

Actions. 1960. 526 pages. 283 illustrations.1961. 612 pages. 212 illustrations. Edited by: R. F. Sognnaes.Edited by: Abraham M. Shanes. "Those interested in current concepts of min-A bird's-eye view of a number of principles eralization of calcified tissues will find in thisnow considered important. Useful for teaching, text the sources of current knowledge on theas well as for research purposes. subject."-American Journal of Orthodontics,

Retail Price: $13.50. AAAS Member's Cash May 1961Price: 11.75. Retail Price: $9.75. AAAS Member's Cash Price:$8.50.

#68. Sciences in Communist China. #63. Congenital Heart Disease.1961. 884 pages. 23 illustrations. 1960. 372 pages. 147 illustrations.Edited by: Sidney H. Gould. Edited by: Allan D. Bass and Gordon K. Moe.

strongly recommended to all who are "Should serve as a valuable and concise sum-in search of facts and source material on the mation of the more important aspects of con-sciences in China."-Science, 22 September genital heart disease."-American Journal of1961 Cardiology, August 1961

Retail Price: $14.00. AAAS Member's Cash Price: Retail Price: $7:50. AAAS Member's Cash Price:$12.00. $6.50.

#67. Oceanography. #62. Water and Agriculture.1960. 206 pages. 21 illustrations.

1961. 665 pages. 146 illustrations. Edited by: Roy D. Hockensmith.Edited by: Mary Sears. "Contains vital ideas that clarify the functions"I know of no other volume that so well de- of forests and their similarities and differencesfines oceanography, its purpose, opportunities with other types of land."-Journal of For-and requirements."-Science, 9 June 1961 estry, June 1961

Retail Price: $14.75. AAAS Member's Cash Price: Retail Price: $5.00. AAAS Member's Cash Price:$12.50. $4.50.

#61. Biological and Chemical Control of Plant and#66. Germ Plasm Resources. Animal Pests.

1961. 394 pages. 59 illustrations. 1960. 286 pages. 11 illustrations.Edited by: Ralph E. Hodgson. Edited by: L. P. Reitz."This book will be of interest to nonplant and "The editor and individual authors should beanimal breeders, for the rather general treat- commended on the preparation of this book."ment of various topics . . . allows for rapid -Journal of Economic Entomology, De-perusal."-Bulletin of the Entomological So- cember 1960ciety of America, September 1961 Retail Price: $5.75. AAAS Member's Cash Price:

Retail Price: $9.75. AAAS Member's Cash Price: $5.00.$8.50.

#55. Photoperiodism and Related Phenomena in Plantsand Animals.

#65. Aging ... Some Social and Biological Aspects. 1959,- 2nd printing 1961. 922 pages. 256 illus-1960. 436 pages. 65 illustrations. trations.Edited by: Nathan W. Shock. Edited by: Robert B. Withrow."The 26 contributors include many of the most ". . . contains very many excellent papers.respected names in American gerontology, and There are few biologists who will not perusethe chapters cover a wealth of material."- it with pleasure and profit."-Science Progress,Journal of Gerontology July 1960

Retail Price: $8.50. AAAS Member's Cash Price: Retail Price: $14.75. AAAS Member's Cash$7.50. Price: $12.50.

British Agents: Bailey Bros. & Swinfen, Ltd., Hyde House, West Central St., London, W.C.1Clip out this Form. Fill in and Mail Today

American Association for the Advancement of ScienceCircle Volumes 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, NWYou Wish To Washington 5, D.C.Order . . . Please send the symposium volumes circled on this form, to:69 68 67 Nm:6 4N ame: .................. .............-

66 65 641. 63 62 61 | ~A ddress: ........................................................................................................63 62 61 Ades.

55 ..City: ................... Zone: .State:.Please check:

.........I... ( ) I am a member of AAAS, and enclose payment for the volumes indicated at member.Payment prices. ( ) $.... enclosed.Enclosed I am not a member of AAAS. ( ) Please bill me.

( ) Please send Membership Application Form..I___-- _ __- _ _ _ ____ _ ___ _ _ ____ _ _____ _ _J22 DECEMBER 1961 2049

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9-12. Radioactive Isotopes in ClinicalMedicine and Research, 2nd symp., BadGastein, Austria. (R. Hofer, Garnisongasse13, Vienna IX, Austria)

9-19. Synoptic Meteorology Code Prob-lems, World Meteorological Organization,Toronto, Ont., Canada. (WMO, 41 AvenueGiuseppe Motta, Geneva, Switzerland)

11. Role of Hormones in Protein Syn-thesis, Assoc. of Vitamin Chemists,Chicago, Ill. (H. S. Perdue, Abbott Lab-oratories, N. Chicago)

15-17. American Pomological Soc.,Toronto, Canada. (G. M. Kessler, Dept.of Horticulture, Michigan State Univ., E.Lansing)

17-19. Instrument Soc. of America,winter conf. and exhibit, St. Louis, Mo.(W. H. Kushnick, ISA, 313 Sixth Ave.,Pittsburgh 22, Pa.)

18-31. Tropical Cyclones, inter-regionalseminar, World Meteorological Organiza-tion, Tokyo, Japan. (WMO, 41 AvenueGiuseppe Motta, Geneva, Switzerland)

22. American Ethnological Soc., NewYork, N.Y. (N. F. S. Woodbury, ArizonaState Museum, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson)

22-24. Institute of the Aerospace Sci-ences, 30th annual, New York, N.Y. (IAS,2 E. 64 St., New York 21)

22-26. American Mathematical Soc.,annual, Cincinnati, Ohio. (AMS, 190 HopeSt., Providence 6, R.I.)

23. Conference on Cardiac and VascularSurgery, New York Heart Assoc., NewYork, N.Y. (R. Ober, NYHA, 10 Colum-bus Circle, New York 19)

23-25. American Soc. of Safety Engi-neers, Philadelphia, Pa. (A. C. Blackman,5 N. Wabash Ave., Chicago 2, Ill.)

23-25. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2ndAsiatic congr., Calcutta, India. (S. Mitra.4 Chowringhee Terrace, Calcutta 20)

24-26. Mathematical Assoc. of America,45th annual, Cincinnati, Ohio. (H. M.Gehman, Univ. of Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.)

24-26. Thermophysical Properties,symp., American Soc. of Mechanical Engi-neers, Princeton, N.J. (E. F. Lype, ASME,c/o Thompson Ramo Wooldridge, 23555Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio)

24-27. American Physical Soc., annual,New York, N.Y. (K. K. Darrow, 538 W.120 St., New York 27)24-2 7. Federation of American Scien-

tists, Natl. Council, New York, N.Y. (D.M. Singer, FAS, 1700 K St., NW, Wash-ington 6)

25-26. Western Spectroscopy Assoc., 9thannual, Pacific Grove, Calif. (D. G. Rea,WSA, Univ. of California Space SciencesLaboratory, Berkeley 4)

25-27. Western Soc. for Clinical Re-search, 15th annual, Carmel-by-the-Sea,Calif. (H. R. Warner, WSCR, Latter-daySaints Hospital, Dept. of Physiology, SaltLake City 3, Utah)

26-29. Man and Civilization: Control ofthe Mind-I1, San Francisco, Calif. (S. M.Farber, Univ. of California San FranciscoMedical Center, San Francisco 22)

28-3. American Inst. of Electrical Engi-neers, New York, N.Y. (R. S. Gardner,AIEE, 33 W. 39 St., New York 18)

28-3. Pan American Assoc. ofOphthalmology, interim congr., Lima,Peru. (J. M. McLean, 525 E. 68 St., NewYork 21)

29-30. Carbohydrates, Cellulose, andCellulose Industries, symp., Council of

SCIENCE, VOL. 134

F

---------------

Scientific and Industrial Research,Ahmedabad, India. (Director, AhmedabadTextile Industry Research Assoc.,Ahmedabad-9)

29-31. American Soc. of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engi-neers, St. Louis, Mo. (R. C. Cross, UnitedEngineering Center, 345 E. 47 St., NewYork, N.Y.)

29-31. Institute of the Aeronautical Sci-ences, annual, New York, N.Y. (R. R.Dexter, IAS, 2 E. 64 St., New York 21)

29-1. Instrument Soc. of America, conf.and exhibit, Dallas, Texas. (W. H. Kush-nick, ISA, 313 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh 22,Pa.)

30-1. Military Electronics, 4th winterconvention, Institute of Radio Engineers,Los Angeles, Calif. (IRE, 1435 LaCienegaBlvd, Los Angeles)

30-2. Society of Plastics Engineers, an-nual technical conf., Pittsburgh, Pa. (T. A.Bissell, SPE, 65 Prospect St., Stamford,Conn.)

31-2. American Geophysical Union,Pacific Southwest regional, Tucson, Ariz.(A. N. Sayre, U.S. Geological Survey,Washington 25)

February

1-2. Industrial Management EngineeringConf., Illinois Inst. of Technology, Chi-cago. (F. A. Judd, Technology Center,IIT, Chicago 18)

1-3. Congress on Hospital Administra-tion, 5th annual, Chicago, 111. (AmericanCollege of Hospital Administrators, 840N. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago)

4-7. American Inst. of Chemical Engi-neers, natl., Los Angeles, Calif. (AmericanPetroleum Inst., 1271 Avenue of theAmericas, New York 20)

5. World Meteorological Organization,Working Group on Networks of theCommission for Synoptic Meteorology,Geneva, Switzerland. (Secretary, WMO,Geneva)

5-6. Gustav Stern Symp. on Perspectivesin Virology-lII, New York, N.Y. (M.Pollard, Lobund Inst., Univ. of NotreDame, Notre Dame, Ind.)

5-7. American Acad. of Allergy, annual,Denver, Colo. (Scientific Liaison Office,Natl. Research Council, Sussex Dr., Ot-tawa, Ont., Canada)

5-9. Electroforming Applications, symp.,American Soc. for Testing and Materials,Dallas, Tex. (ASTM, 1916 Race St., Phil-adelphia 3, Pa.)

6-7. Vertebrate Pest Control Conf.,Sacramento, Calif. (M. W. Cummings,Univ. of California, Davis)

6-8. Society of the Plastics Industry, Re-inforced Plastics Div., Chicago, Ill. (Sci-entific Liaison Office, Natl. Research Coun-cil, Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ont., Canada)

7-9. Military Electronics, Inst. of RadioEngineers, Los Angeles, Calif. (M. E.Brady, Space Technology Laboratories,P.O. Box 95001, Los Angeles)

7-10. American College of Radiology,annual, New York, N.Y. (ACR, 20 N.Wacker Dr., Chicago 6, Ill.)

8. Problems in Food Processing, Assoc.of Vitamin Chemists, Chicago, Ill. (H. S.Perdue, Abbott Laboratories, North Chi-cago, Ill.)

9-11. National Open Hearth and Blast

22 DECEMBER 1961

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Furnace Conf., American Inst. of Mining,Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,Detroit, Mich. (E. 0. Kirkendall, AIME,29 W. 39 St., New York 17)

12-16. Management of Science Infor-mation Centers, Inst. on Information Stor-age and Retrieval, 4th, Washington, D.C.(L. H. Hattery, Center for Technology andAdministration, American Univ., 1901 FSt., NW, Washington 6)

12-23. Latin American Seminar on Ir-

rigation, 2nd, Panama City, Panama. (J.Melendez, Jefe, Depto. de Ingenieria,Ministerio de Agricultura, Comercio eIndustrias, Panama City)

13-14. Sanitary Engineering, 4th conf.,Urbana, Ill. (B. B. Ewing, Dept. of Sani-tary Engineering, Univ. of Illinois, Ur-bana)

14-16. Biophysical Soc., 6th annual,Washington, D.C. (D. Cowie, Dept. ofTerrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institutionof Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Rd.,NW, Washington 15)

14-16. Solid State Circuits, intern. conf.,Philadelphia, Pa. (L. Winner, 152 W. 42St., New York 36)

14-17. National Soc. of College Teach-ers of Education, Chicago, 111. (E. J.Clark, Indiana State College, Terre Haute)

16-18. Medical Congr. in Honor of theCentennial of Bretonneau, Tours, France.(Directeur, Ecole Nationale de M6decine,Tours)

17-24. Pan American Medical Women'sAlliance, 8th congr., Manizales. Colombia.(C. Carthers, 1661 Riverside Ave., SuiteB, Jacksonville, Fla.)

18-22. American Inst. of Mining, Metal-lurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, annual,New York, N.Y. (E. 0. Kirkendall, AIME,29 W. 39 St., New York 17)

18-22. Technical Assoc. of the Pulp andPaper Industry, annual, New York, N.Y.(TAPPI, 360 Lexington Ave., New York17)

19-21. American Educational ResearchAssoc., Atlantic City, N.J. (G. T. Buswell,1201 16 St., NW, Washington 6)

19-21. Tracking and Command of Aero-space Vehicles, Inst. of the Aerospace Sci-ences, San Francisco, Calif. (IAS, 2 E.64 St., New York 21)

19-22. American Concrete Inst., annual.Denver, Colo. (W. A. Maples, 22400 W.Seven Mile Rd., P.O. Box 4754, RedfordStation, Detroit 19, Mich.)

19-22. Industrial Ventilation Conf., E.Lansing, Mich. (Engineering Dept., Michi-gan State Univ., E. Lansing)

19-23. American Soc. of Civil Engi-neers, Houston, Tex. (W. H. Wisely, 345E. 47 St., New York 17)

19-23. Automatic Control in the Iron

and Steel Industry, intern., Brussels, Bel-giuLm. (Institut Belge de R6gulation etd'Automatisme, 98 Chausee de Charleroi,Brussels 6)

20-21. International Inst. of Sugar BeetResearchers, winter congr., Brussels, Bel-gium. (O. J. Kint, IISBR, 152 rue Beau-duin, Tirlemont, Belgium)

21-25. National Assoc. for Research inScience Teaching, Washington, D.C. (H.Branson, Dept. of Physics, Howard Univ.,Washington 1)

22-24. American Acad. of Forensic Sci-ences, Chicago, Ill. (W. J. R. Camp, Univ.of Illinois, 1853 W. Polk St., Chicago 12)

22 DECEMBER 1961

22-24. Genetics Soc. of Canada, Winni-peg, Man., Canada. (Scientific LiaisonOffice, Natl., Research Council, SussexDr., Ottawa. Ont., Canada)23-24. American Physical Soc., Austin,

Tex. (K. K. Darrow, APS, Columbia Univ.,New York 27)

23-24. Canadian Aeronautical Inst.,mid-season meeting, Halifax. Nova Scotia.(Scientific Liaison Office, Natl. ResearchCouncil, Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Canada)

25-1. Pan American Assoc. of Oto-Thino-Laryngology and Broncho-Esophag-ology, Caracas, Venezuela. (C. M. Norris,3401 N. Broad St., Philadelphia 40, Pa.)

26-28. Importance of Electricity in the

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26-29. Central Treaty Organization,Economic Committee, Washington, D.C.(Office of Intern. Conferences, Dept. ofState, Washington 25)

26-2. Current Trends in Nuclear Power,symp., Tucson, Ariz. (L. Weaver, NuclearEngineering Dept., Univ. of Arizona,Tucson)

27-1. Application of Switching Theoryin Space Technology, symp., Palo Alto,Calif. (J. P. Nach, Lockheed AircraftCorp., Sunnyvale, Calif.)

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Letters(Conitina red fr-omit page 2007)

The implication is ridiculous that theprinciple of adding extra phases to amnaterial to strengthen it is a logicaldevelopment of any kind of recenttheoretical thinking, let alone a fruit ofthe state of confusion that has devel-oped from the highly specific mlodelswhich have been described in metaallur-gical literature. It seems quite apparentthat the work reported by Kingervcould have been accomlplished by a

clear-thinking scientist (which Kingervis, in my opinion) with a classical pointof view on strengthening of materials,ais opposed to a view of the kind thatis arrived at by overdevelopment ofoversimplified mechanistic hypotheses.For instance, must we consider disloca-tion theory the basis for the followingstatement by Kingery: "As found fromzlong experience with metals, plastics.and ceramics, the kinds of alloys whichare most useful under these conditions,ire those made with stable second-phase additives having useful proper-ties"? The most useful two-phase mate-rial discuLssed by Kingery can be derivedaind explained on a purely classicalbasis, with no regard whatsoever fordislocations, whether edge or screw.

It is interesting to attempt to followKingery's conclusions about the virtuesof adding glass fibers. First of all, it isnot clear how fibers will linmit the stressinduced in ice to a m71inimlum value.Second, I fail to see in Kingery's TableI the more than tenfold increase instrength from Fiberglas additions thathe finds.

In his enumeration of requirementsfor fibers to be effective in reinforcingmaterials, Kingery has omitted the thirdessential feature of the system: goodadhesion must be achieved at the fiber-matrix interface. Again, no knowledgeof dislocations is required to derive this.

JAMES E. MCNUTTWilmiingion, Delaivare

McNutt's opinion that dislocationtheory has been of marginal "useful-ness" for developing improved alloys isac minority, but not uncommon, opinionamong metallurgists. It is probablytrue that the scientists who have con-tributed most to dislocation theory havecontributed least to alloy development.The argument that technological im-provements would have been made withequal facility without a background ofunderstanding based on dislocation

SCIENCE, VOL. 134

NOW!Laboratory

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theorv is difficult to refute when, infact, there are few, if any, competentalloy developers unaware of disloca-tions. At the present time, dislocationsare a significant part of the "classicalpoint of view on strengthening ofmaterials."

I think there can be no dispute aboutthe utility of dislocation theory for'rationalizing observed strengths." Aglance through any contemporary sym-posium volume on fracture, deforma-tion, or mechanical properties makes itclear that dislocation theory forms thefoundation for any science (as opposedto technology) of mechanical behaviorof materials.

W. D. KINGERYIce Research Laboratory,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge

Medical Instrumentation

Duncan A. Holaday is to be com-mended for his excellent survey "Wheredoes instrumentation enter into medi-cine?" [Science 134, 1172 (1961)]. Heperhaps was more harsh in some of hiscriticism than someone outside themedical profession could be. However,his solutions to the dilemma-to trainphysicians in engineering and to bringengineers into hospitals-pose furtherdilemmas.

Let us consider the first problem:Where does a physician get such train-ing? Only one or two institutions offer atraining program honestly aimed atinstrumentation. The several biomedicalengineering programs offered elsewhereare directed toward developing an engi-neer with cross-disciplinary training forresearch-not a man who is a specialistat measurement.Measurement systems are largely

electrical or electronic, so one wouldexpect to find electrical engineers withthe necessary training. However, instru-mentation is an unwanted by-product inmost university electrical-engineeringdepartments. The trend is toward train-ing physicists for applied research, andinstrumentation is no longer "respect-able."

In any attempt to bring the engineerinto the hospital there are two distinctobstacles. First, nonengineering ad-ministrators generally have little under-standing of what an engineer is, be-yond "someone who knows about elec-tronics, radios, and so on." Conse-quently, in all but a few hospitals the22 DECEMBER 1961

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salaries for electronics personnel are setat the level of the local radio-TV repairman-usually less than a recent engi-neering graduate receives. If one wishesto attract a man with several years' ex-

perience who can bring valuable, up-to-date techniques into the hospital, one

must offer a professional salary.I feel that most engineers interested

in a career as a specialist in medicalinstrumentation will be research-typemen who will want to conduct theirown research programs in addition totackling measurement problems forphysicians. Consequently, a second bigquestion is raised: Is the engineer to bea professional staff or faculty memberor just a technician? Few capable, ex-

perienced engineers will accept thelatter position.

It is obvious that there are few engi-neers with the background to makemedical judgments; however, a basicproblem of instrumentation is that offinding how to obtain significant meas-

urements. We already have too many

gadgets produced by well-meaning engi-neers who don't know the medical prob-lems, or by medical personnel whoasked for a device but did not authorizean engineering study of the over-allmeasurement problem.No real advances in medical instru-

mentation will be possible until bothphysicians and engineers consider eachother specialists and are willing to worktogether on a professional level. Itseems apparent that either of Holaday'ssolutions will require a re-education ofboth physicians and engineers.

FRED R. SIAS, JR.Biophysics Department,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore, Maryland

Sias is undoubtedly correct in hisconclusion that both physicians andengineers will need training in theother's art before they are able to worktogether effectively.

Programs to indoctrinate engineers inbiomedical areas are beginning toappear. It is true that the emphasis istoward research rather than appliedinstrumentation, and toward biophysicsand bionics (the application of lifeprocesses to the solution of engineeringproblems) rather than medical engi-neering. Efforts in these areas should,nevertheless, generate mutual respectand, in the course of time, solutionsto more immediately practical problems.

Those who have the greatest stake inmedical instrumentation might givesome thought to helping. Physicians

and hospital administrators could prof-itably make space for engineers towork in their laboratories. Instrumentcompanies would be well advised to re-

move their development engineers fromfactory drafting boards, where the engi-neers continue to make conceptual mis-takes in designing instruments for use

in patient care, and accept opportunitiesto place these engineers in hospitalswhere the latter can witness the causes

of earlier failures and participate infield trails of new attempts.

DUNCAN A. HOLADAYDepartment of Surgery,University of Chicago,Chicago, Illinois

Selling Methods

Out of profound respect for Scienceand its readers, many of whom are alsocontributors and advisers to Encyclo-paedia Britannica, I am compelled tocomment on your editorial "The com-

pany they keep" [Science 134, 75(1961)].The editorial gives the strong-but

erroneous-impression that a recentFederal Trade Commission order affect-ing Encyclopaedia Britannica deals withcurrent selling methods. This is nottrue.The original action by the FTC on

which the citation was based was takenin May 1958 and involved complaintsreceived by the FTC prior to that time.Our salesmen have always been in-

structed, under penalty of immediatedischarge, not to use the kind of ir-regular sales presentation that led tothe FTC complaints. As soon as theseindividual complaints were brought toour attention, we took immediate stepsto insure against their recurrence.

HARRY E. HOUGHTONEncyclopaedia Britannica,Chicago, Illinois

Here is the sequence of Federal TradeCommission documents on which myeditorial on the Encyclopaedia Britan-nica, Inc., was based: (i) a "Complaint,"filed 5 May 1958, serving notice to theBritannica company to appear at FTChearings; (ii) an "Initial Decision," filed30 August 1960, ordering the companyto "cease and desist" from certain salespractices; and (iii) a "Final Order,"filed 16 June 1961, ordering the com-

pany to "cease and desist" from certainsales practices, following the company'sappeal of the initial decision.-J.T.

SCIENCE, VOL. 134

THE HUMAN INTEGUMENTNORMAL AND ABNORMALEditor: Stephen Rothman 1959

AAAS Symposium Volume No. 54

A symposium presented on 28-29 De-cember 1957, at the Indianapolismeeting of the American Associationfor the Advancement of Science andcosponsored by the Committee onCosmetics of the American MedicalAssociation and the Society for In-vestigative Dermatology. The volumeoffers a fair illustration of what hasbeen achieved by modern research incultaneous physiology and pathophys-iology.270 pp., 59 illus., index, cloth. $6.75AAAS members' cash orders $5.75

Chapters1) The Integument as an Organ of

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