AOML is an environmental laboratory of NOAA’s Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research located on Virginia Key in Miami, Florida

May-June 2017Vol. 21/No. 3

AOML KeynotesATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY

NOAA’s 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook

Above-normal Near-normal Below-normal season

Seasonal Probability

Named Storms11-17

..................................Hurricanes

5-9...................................

Major Hurricanes2-4

Be prepared: Visit hurricanes.gov and follow @NWS and @NHC_Atlantic on Twitter

35%

45%

20%

No seasonal prediction can say with any

certainty if a particular region will be

impacted in any given year. Therefore,

every individual and every community

should exercise the same level of

preparedness every year. It only takes

one tropical storm or hurricane to cause

a disaster. Take time now to check your

preparedness plans and supplies for

your home, your family, and business.

Stanley Goldenberg, AOML meteorologistNOAA Seasonal Outlook Team

Forecasters at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center say the Atlantic could see another above-normal hurricane season this year. For the upcoming Atlantic hurricane season, which runs from June 1 through November 30, forecasters predict a 45 percent chance of an above-normal season, a 35 percent chance of a near- normal season, and only a 20 percent chance of a below-normal season.

Forecasters predict a 70 percent likeli-hood of 11 to 17 named storms (winds of 39 mph or higher), of which 5 to 9 could become hurricanes (winds of 74 mph or higher), with 2 to 4 of the hurricanes reaching major hurricane status (Category 3, 4 or 5; winds of 111 mph or higher). The predicted number of storms for 2017

include Tropical Storm Arlene, a pre- season storm that formed over the eastern Atlantic in April. Average seasonal activity is 12, 6, and 3 named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes, respectively.

“The outlook reflects our expectation of a weak or non-existent El Niño, near- or above-average sea-surface temperatures across the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and average or weaker-than-average vertical wind shear in that same region,” said Dr. Gerry Bell, lead seasonal hurricane forecaster with NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center.

Strong El Niño events and above- average vertical wind shear typically suppress the development of Atlantic hurricanes, so the predicted conditions point

Arlene Harvey  Ophelia   Bret Irma  Philippe   Cindy Jose  Rina   Don Katia  Sean   Emily Lee  Tammy   Franklin Maria  Vince   Gert Nate  Whitney

2017 Atlantic Storm Names

Above-Normal Atlantic Hurricane Season is Most Likely this Year

to more hurricane activity this year. Warmer sea surface temperatures in the main development region provide more fuel for hurricanes. However, climate models are still showing some uncertainty, which is reflected in the comparable probabilities for an above-normal and near-normal season.

The Atlantic hurricane outlooks are an official product of NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, produced in collaboration with the National Hurricane Center and AOML’s Hurricane Research Division (HRD). Stanley Goldenberg (HRD) has been a collaborator on the outlooks since they began in 1998. NOAA will update its outlook in early August, at the start of the peak period of the season.

2 | May-June 2017 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/

NOAA brings exciting new observing, modeling, forecasting, and communica-tions tools to the table this year to improve its hurricane warning capabilities and aid public readiness.

The sophisticated camera on NOAA’s new GOES-16 satellite will provide hurricane forecasters with greater image resolution, sharper detail, and a rapid refresh rate. One of the powerful instru-ments aboard the GOES-16, a lightning mapper, will allow forecasters to observe lightning strikes that build within tropical cyclones, a possible signal of strengthening.

A combination of two high-resolution hurricane models—HWRF and HMON— will improve forecast guidance for the National Hurricane Center (NHC) this season. The upgraded HWRF model adds better representation of storms at higher vertical resolution and has advanced data assimilation and improved physics capa-bilities. It is hoped these upgrades will enable the model to improve intensity forecasts by as much as 10 percent and track forecasts by as much as 7 percent. The HMON model replaces the retiring GFDL model and will work with the

HWRF, GFS, and other models to better predict track and intensity.

A suite of forecast and communication tools will enable NHC to issue storm surge watches and warnings this year. Addi- tionally, a new, experimental visualization tool for the public will be used to easily see when damaging winds are forecast to reach their community. Also new this year, the public will be able to click on the hurricane track cone graphic to see how far outside of the cone hurricane and tropical-storm-force winds extend.

Predicting the rapid intensification of a tropical cyclone, when maximum sustained winds increase quickly in a short period of time, is one of NOAA’s top forecasting priorities. Scientists with AOML’s Hurri-cane Research Division will tackle this challenge in 2017 by targeting the early stages of hurricane rapid intensification using NOAA’s Hurricane Hunter P3 and G-IV aircraft, along with the aid of the following instruments:

Tail Doppler RadarAn upgrade to the tail Doppler radar

system on NOAA’s P3 aircraft increases the horizontal resolution of the hurricane wind structure by a factor of 3, enabling the radar, the primary wind-observing instrument, to keep pace with recent improvements in hurricane forecast model resolution. The high-resolution data it produces will give scientists a more detailed look at the small-scale weather processes that are critical to understanding and predicting hurricane intensity change.

Doppler Wind LidarResearchers continue to test the Doppler

Wind Lidar (DWL) instrument aboard the

Major Hurricane Joaquin as viewed by NOAA’s GOES West satellite on October 1, 2015.

NOAA’s broad range of expertise and

resources support the nation with

strong science and service before,

during, and after each storm to protect

lives and property and enhance the

national economy as we continue

building a Weather-Ready Nation.

From our expert modelers to our

dedicated forecasters to our brave

hurricane hunter crews, we’ll be here to

warn the nation every step of the way

this hurricane season.

Benjamin FriedmanActing NOAA Administrator

NOAA P3, which provides a vertical profile of the winds above and below the aircraft using a laser. Comparisons of the DWL and dropsonde-measured wind profiles showed excellent agreement with data collected during the 2016 hurricane season. The benefit of the DWL is that it gathers data in areas of the atmosphere where tail Doppler radar cannot make measurements. Using both instruments will provide researchers with a more complete, three-dimensional map of the winds inside tropical systems.

Coyote Unmanned Aircraft NOAA plans to use the small Coyote

unmanned aircraft to better observe the lowest parts of the hurricane environment. The Coyote is air deployed from the P3 aircraft and can observe the difficult, yet critically important, boundary layer envi-ronment of the storm where the strongest winds are typically found. Sensors on the Coyote measure the storm’s winds, air pressure, temperature, and relative humidity, while an infrared sensor measures the sea surface temperature of the ocean under the storm.

Global Hawk Unmanned AircraftNOAA and NASA will be partnering

once again this summer to conduct several tropical cyclone missions using the Global Hawk high-altitude unmanned aircraft. The Global Hawk can fly longer and farther than conventional aircraft and is equipped with GPS dropsondes, a microwave sensor, and Doppler radar to provide measurements of the three-dimensional structure of pressure, temperature, moisture, precipita-tion, and winds in tropical cyclones.

The Coyote unmanned aircraft, air deployed from NOAA’s P3 Hurricane Hunter aircraft (background) gathers data in the lowest reaches of the hurricane environment.

New, Updated Tools Aim to Improve Hurricane Warning Capabilities

May-June 2017 | 3 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/

Research has shown that changes in the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) are correlated with variations in socially important environmental conditions such as coastal sea levels, surface air temperature and precipitation patterns, and extreme weather dynamics such as hurricane intensification. NOAA has been at the forefront of MOC research for several decades, and one of NOAA’s main MOC projects is AOML’s Western Boundary Time Series (WBTS) program.

Researchers at AOML began studying MOC-related flows near 26 -27°N in the Atlantic Ocean in 1982 and, to date, more than 30 years of important data on ocean transports and water masses have been collected at this latitude in the Florida Straits and east of the Bahamas Islands. NOAA’s efforts in this region were organized into the WBTS project in the year 2000, and in 2004 the WBTS observing system became a cornerstone for a major international initiative between the United Kingdom and the United States to study the basinwide MOC flow across 26.5°N in the Atlantic. This first-of-its-kind international trans-basin array is jointly funded by NOAA, the US-National Science Foundation, and the UK-Natural Environment Research Council.

During this latest effort, six AOML scientists—Chris Meinen, Pedro Peña, Grant Rawson, Jay Hooper, Andy Stefanick, and Marc Weekley—joined colleagues from the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School aboard the R/V Endeavor for a 17-day research cruise from May 8-24, 2017. The cruise was conducted to maintain the long-term array of moored instruments that provide daily information on the MOC-related flows near the western boundary and to collect high quality observations of the water masses that are being carried by the Florida Current, Antilles Current, and Deep Western Boundary Current, as these major flows pass through the region.

A total of 44 high-quality, full-depth conductivity- temperature-depth (CTD) and lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler ( LADCP) profiles were collected. Data from four NOAA pressure-equipped inverted echo sounder (PIES) moorings were acoustically downloaded, four PIES moorings were recovered, and three new PIES moorings were deployed. Additionally, three tall current meter/dynamic height moorings and one short bottom-pressure mooring were recovered and redeployed.

The science team also successfully recovered a prototype PIES-data pod system, the Adaptable Bottom Instrument Information

Shuttle System (ABIISS), which had been deployed for a deep-water demonstration test in October 2015. The ABIISS system shuttles data from ocean-bottom moored instruments to the surface where they are transmitted to a land station via satellite, reducing the need for research vessel ship time. This ABIISS test, the first 4000+ m deep ocean test of the complete system, was successful, with two data pods surfacing and transmitting stored data via satellite over the past 18 months.

This interagency/multi-institution partnership between NOAA-funded AOML and the National Science Foundation-funded University of Miami/ Rosenstiel School has resulted in more than 20 successful cruises since the year 2000, continuing a long history of fruitful collaboration between the two groups that dates back decades. The MOC-related measurements collected are crucial for the study of the climate/ environment system, and maintaining these long-term measurement projects remains a key task for NOAA and the international science community. Long-term observational records such as these are crucial for validating and improving state-of-the-art ocean and coupled climate model simulations, as well as for analyses of the underlying dynamics that control changes in the coastal and deep ocean environments.

Western Boundary Time Series Cruise Extends Decades-Long Data Series

Science team for the May 2017 WBTS cruise on the R/V Endeavor. The ABIISS prototype was successfully recovered after spending 18 months nearly three miles down on the bottom of the ocean.

Jay Hooper, Andy Stefanick, and Pedro Peña of AOML recover the CTD package on the R/V Endeavor.

4 | May-June 2017 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/

Regional Director for Senator Marco Rubio Visits AOML

On May 30, AOML Director Dr. Bob Atlas and Deputy Director Dr. Molly Baringer welcomed Ms. Alyn Fernandez, the South Florida Regional Director for Senator Marco Rubio. Ms. Fernandez and two interns visited the lab to become acquainted with AOML’s research and how it positively impacts the South Florida community and the nation. During her time at the lab, Ms. Fernandez had a chance to tour the facility and speak with researchers in AOML’s three science divisions.

The tour began with a visit to AOML’s Future Reefs Laboratory on the campus of the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School, where Drs. Jim Hendee and Ian Enochs explained the importance of studying the molecular mechanisms of coral resiliency. While there, Dr. Chris Kelble also discussed AOML’s research to study how juvenile sportfish populations in Florida Bay respond to water quality and habitat. Back at AOML, Dr. Gustavo Goni highlighted a variety of ocean observing instruments that enable researchers to monitor the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the ocean. A visit with AOML’s hurricane researchers highlighted advances in hurricane modeling and continued improvements to hurricane forecasts.

Clockwise: Upper right: Ian Enochs explains how increased oceanic levels of carbon dioxide impact coral reefs. Middle right: Gustavo Goni discusses the importance of using drifting buoys and other observing instruments to monitor ocean temperatures, salinity, and other parameters. Bottom right: Rob Rogers shows a model of NOAA’S P3 Hurricane Hunter aircraft, while Shirley Murillo discusses how GPS dropsonde measurements are obtained. Bottom middle: Alyn Fernandez with a model of the P3 Hurricane Hunter aircraft. Bottom left: AOML director Dr. Bob Atlas speaks with Alyn Fernandez and other guests in his office.

A group of federal and affiliated employees at AOML have formed the new Diversity, Inclusion, and You (DIY) group to attract, retain, support, and advance a diverse work force and to foster a more inclusive environment. Everyone at AOML is welcome to participate in the group. Some of the initiatives that DIY is planning in the next few months include:

• Quarterly AOML-wide welcome events for new employees.

• Facilitation of affinity groups within AOML.

• Semi-regular events celebrating the diversity of AOML employees and their interests (we envision “show-and-tell” events to provide individuals a chance to share their stories and pictures from their places of origin and their travels.)

Mission—Attract, retain, and support the professional advancement of under-represented minorities and other groups at AOML; support AOML leadership in expanding and strengthening the diversity of AOML’s workforce and foster a more inclusive environment.

DIY members currently include: Sim Aberson, Sean Casey, Howie Friedman, Lew Gramer, Renellys Perez, Erica Rule, and Xaymara Serrano. Contact any DIY member for comments and/or ideas, as the group welcomes the involvement of new people.

Diversity, Inclusion, and You

May-June 2017 | 5 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/

Ocean Dynamics Played Key Role in Antarctic Sea Ice Changes during Past Decades

Antarctica’s sea ice has expanded overall during all seasons since late 1978, in stark contrast with the Arctic’s retreating sea ice. However, while the extent of the sea ice around east Antarctica has increased monotonically, sea ice around west Antarctica has exhibited regionally and seasonally inhomogeneous trends. For instance, the Antarctica’s sea ice in the East Pacific decreases substantially during Austral summer. AOML researchers and their colleagues* used an ocean and sea-ice coupled model to study sea-ice trends around west Antarctica. They found that the increased wind-driven upwelling of relatively warm subsurface water, known as upper Circumpolar Deep Water, is mainly responsible for the decline in sea ice extent during Austral summer. The study also explains how changes in ocean circulation and heat transport contribute to increasing Antarctic sea ice in the Atlantic during Austral summer.

Linear trends of Antarctic sea-ice concentration during warm and cold seasons.

*Lee, S.-K., D. Volkov, H. Lopez, W.G. Cheon, A.L. Gordon, Y. Liu, and R. Wanninkhof, 2017: Wind-driven ocean dynamics impact on the contrasting sea-ice trends around West Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(5):4413-4430, doi:10.1002/2016JC012416.

Note: This research was selected as an Editor’s highlight for the Journal of Geophysical Research:http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/article/10.1002/2016JC012416/editor-highlight/

Researchers Test eAUV Capability to Sample Ocean MicrobiomeIn April and May 2017, NOAA and partners participated in two field tests of a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with genomic sampling capability via a third generation Environmental Sample Processor (3G ESP). The 3G ESP/LRAUV (“eAUV” for short) prototype developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) rendezvoused with stations on two NOAA-led cruises—the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) cruise (April 14-21, 2017) and the Pelagic Juvenile Rockfish Recruitment and Ecosystem Assessment Survey (April 26-May 6, 2107)—with staff from AOML and NOAA’s Southwest Fisheries Science Center participating in both efforts. Staff from the J. Craig Venter Institute, Stanford University, and MBARI also helped collect shipboard samples for comparison to the eAUV’s ability to intelligently sample water column features, such as the chlorophyll maximum. This work was funded by AOML as part of the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research’s investment in ‘omics.

The MBARI autonomous underwater vehicle, Aku (right foreground), in rendezvous with the NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada during the CalCOFI cruise on April 15, 2017.

Individuals involved in the negotiations for the new CREWS station at Pigeon Island National Park included (left to right): Daniel Fernando of Blue Resources Trust; Dr. Jim Hendee of AOML; Vice Admiral Ravindra Wijegunaratne, Commander of the Sri Lanka Navy; John Halas of Environmental Moorings International, Inc.; and Sri Lankan Naval Rear Admiral Piyal De Silva.

CREWS Station Approved for Pigeon Island National Park in Sri Lanka

AOML coral researcher Jim Hendee traveled to Sri Lanka in April to pursue a partnership between NOAA, the government of Sri Lanka, and Blue Resources Trust to support coral reef conservation efforts at Pigeon Island National Park, a marine sanctuary located off the northeast coast of Sri Lanka. Jim met with Sri Lankan officials and researchers, who endorsed NOAA’s petition to install a Coral Reef Early Warning System (CREWS) station in the coastal waters of Pigeon Island. A survey was then conducted to determine an optimal site for station installation. CREWS stations measure an assortment of atmospheric and oceanic parameters to assess changes in the environment of coral reefs. The data are used for ecological forecasts of coral bleaching and other marine environmental events and will also serve to better understand annual meteorological and oceanographic changes occurring in the region.

6 | May-June 2017 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/

Heather Holbach (right foreground), Neal Dorst, and Marlos Goes of AOML share information about tropical cyclones and how ocean observations are being used to improve forecasts.

AOML Researchers Participate in NOAA’s Hurricane Awareness Tour

AOML scientists participated in the final leg of NOAA’s Hurricane Awareness Tour on May 12 at the Opa-Locka Executive Airport in Miami. Sponsored by the National Weather Service and partner agencies, the tour promoted safety and the importance of being prepared for severe weather, as well as better understanding of the impacts from tropical cyclones. The event was the last stop of five visits to cities along the US east coast. On hand was a NOAA P3 Hurricane Hunter aircraft and a US Air Force WC-130J aircraft flown by reservists with the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron. Both planes fly directly into the core of tropical cyclones to gather data that are vital to forecasting a tropical cyclone’s track and intensity. The public was invited to tour the planes, speak with Hurricane Hunter crew members, meteorologists, National Weather Service forecasters, and disaster preparedness specialists. Hundreds of local school children also attended. AOML scientists answered questions about tropical cyclones, as well as NOAA’s data collection efforts in the air and sea to improve track and intensity forecasts.

“Eye of the Storm” Event Focuses on Hurricane Preparedness

AOML staff, along with National Weather Service forecasters, participated in a day of activities and learning at the Ft. Lauderdale Museum of Science and Discovery on May 20 in support of hurricane preparedness. The event, “Eye of the Storm: Hurricane Science, Mitigation and Preparedness” provided the public with information on how to prepare their homes and families for severe weather, as well as information on how hurricanes form and develop. AOML staff manned a booth to explain how NOAA scientists fly into storms to gather data that are needed for accurate forecasts. They also answered questions about the latest technological innovations NOAA will use during the 2017 hurricane season to improve track and intensity forecasts.

Shirley Murillo (center) and Sierra Sarkis (right) of AOML speak with museum guests about how NOAA’s hurricane hunter scientists fly into storms to gather data.

AOML Hosts Frost Museum of Science Students for Day of Learning AOML hosted a large group of students from the Patricia and Philip Frost Museum of Science on June 23 to engage in a series of learning experiences focused on marine microbial and coral reef ecology, as well as fisheries ecology and population genetics. More than 50 students from the Frost’s Upward Bound Math and Science Program participated. The program provides high school students with access to mentors and technology, interaction with scientists, and the IMPACT ( Integrated Marine Program and College Training) summer program, in which students delve specifically into marine science. Frost students toured AOML’s Future Reefs Laboratory on the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School campus and participated in lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on activities presented by scientists from both AOML and NOAA’s Southeast Fisheries Science Center. They also met with current AOML interns, who provided a perspective on NOAA internships and educational opportunities.

Upper right: Frost Museum of Science students in the AOML lobby.

Bottom left: Kami Cohen in the Future Reefs Laboratory explains how increased levels of carbon dioxide entering the ocean impact the health and well being of coral reefs and other marine organisms.

Bottom right: Students view pathogens under microscopes that impact water quality in South Florida.

May-June 2017 | 7 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/

CongratulationsGladys Medina, AOML’s much loved Senior Executive

Assistant, retired in May after 45 years of federal service. Gladys will be remembered for her perpetual good will, sunny disposition, and kind and caring nature.

A native of Cuba, Gladys arrived in the United States with her family in 1960 following Fidel Castro’s rise to power. She began her federal career in 1972 after being hired to perform clerical, receptionist, and accounting duties for the Research Flight Facility, the forerunner of NOAA’s Aircraft Operations Center. A year later, a federal reduction-in-force abolished Gladys’ position at RFF and left her unemployed. Luckily for all, AOML’s personnel office reached out to Gladys to offer her an accounting position.

AOML had just recently begun operating out of its new location on Virginia Key, and Dr. Harris Stewart, the founder of AOML, was director. Gladys worked in accounting for many years, eventually becoming a supervisory accounting technician. In 1987, she became the Senior Executive Assistant to then AOML director Dr. Hugo Bezdek. She continued in this role for the next 20 years with professionalism and steadfast dedication, supporting both former AOML director Dr. Kristina Katsaros (1997-2003) and current AOML director Dr. Bob Atlas.

Gladys was a mainstay at AOML who will be missed by her coworkers and colleagues. “I’ve been blessed to work with such wonderful people,” she said. “They’re like my family and AOML has been like a second home.” Best wishes to Gladys, one of AOML’s finest, for a much deserved retirement to spend with family and friends.

AOML oceanographer Dr. Sang-Ki Lee was selected as the Scientific Employee of the Year on May 12 at the 52nd annual Federal Employee of the Year awards ceremony hosted by the South Florida Federal Executive Board. Sang-Ki received the award in recognition of research that has demonstrated physical processes linking sea surface temperatures in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans with the likeli-hood of severe tornado outbreaks in the US. Sang-Ki is currently working with scientists at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center to transition the results of this research into a seasonal forecast of tornado activity. This new, first-of-its-kind forecast will enable vulnerable communities and first responders to better plan for the possibility of a severe tornado season with a lead time of from 1 to 3 months.

Robert Rogers, a meteorologist with AOML’s Hurricane Research Division, was recently recognized by the American Geophysical Union as one of its outstanding reviewers for 2016. Rob received an Editor’s Citation for Excellence in Refereeing award from AGU for his work in 2016 to review papers submitted for publication in the Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres. Rob’s thorough reviews helped ensure the quality, timeliness, and reputation of AGU’s journals.

Jim Hendee, Libby Johns, Chris Kelble, and Chris Sinigalliano, all research scientists at AOML, are the recipients of a 2016 Excellence in Partnering Award from the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. The group was recognized for their contributions to a project ( National Marine Sanctuaries at Sentinel Sites for a Demonstration Marine Biodiversity Observation Network) that monitors changes in marine biodiversity at three US national marine sanctuaries.

FarewellDr. Nathan Putman, a

University of Miami Cooperative Institute postdoctoral researcher with AOML’s Physical Oceanography Division, departed the lab in June after accepting a posi-tion with LGL Ecological Research Associates in Bryan, Texas. During Nathan’s year at AOML, he conducted research to better understand the linkages between ocean circulation, the earth’s magnetic field, and various marine organism ecologies.

Welcome AboardDr. Marion Kersalé

joined the staff of AOML’s Physical Ocean- ography Division in June as a postdoctoral scientist working through the University of Miami’s Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies. Marion will perform research in conjunction with Drs. Renellys Perez, Matthieu Le Hénaff, and Christopher Meinen on a project funded by NOAA’s Climate Program Office to study the linkages between the shallow and deep limbs of the Meridional Overturning Circulation at both 34.5°S and 26.5°N. She recently completed a postdoctoral position at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. Marion holds a PhD from Aix-Marseille University in Provence, France.

Kathleen (aka Katy) Stewart joined the staff of AOML’s Office of the Director in June to temporarily fill the Senior Executive Assis-tant position left vacant by the retirement of long-time federal employee Gladys Medina. Katy hails from NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado where she serves as an Executive Assistant to Dr. Gary Matlock, the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Science, of NOAA’s Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. She will be working to assist AOML director Dr. Bob Atlas through the first week of September, as well as continuing her support of Dr. Matlock.

Dr. Sang-Ki Lee (center) with AOML colleagues Jay Harris and Yeun-Ho Daneshzadeh.

8 | May-June 2017 www.aoml.noaa.gov/keynotes/

Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory

Dr. Robert M. AtlasDirector

Dr. Molly O. BaringerDeputy Director

CDR Justin N. KibbeyAssociate Director

Dr. Frank D. MarksHurricane Research Division Director

Dr. James C. HendeeOcean Chemistry and Ecosystems

Division Director

Dr. Gustavo J. GoniPhysical Oceanography Division Director

4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149

www.aoml.noaa.gov

Keynotes is published bimonthly to highlight AOML’s recent research

activities and staff accomplishments.

Keynotes publishing editor: Gail Derr

U.S. Department of CommerceMr. Wilbur L. Ross, Jr.

Secretary of Commercewww.doc.gov

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Mr. Benjamin P. FriedmanActing Undersecretary of Commerce

for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator

www.noaa.gov

Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research

Mr. Craig N. McLean Assistant Administrator

www.oar.noaa.gov

Recent Publications (AOML authors are denoted by bolded capital letters)

Androulidakis, Y., V. Kourafalou, G. HALLIWELL, M. LE HÉNAFF, H.S. Kang, M. MEHARI, and R. ATLAS, 2016: Hurricane interaction with the upper ocean in the Amazon-Orinoco plume region. Ocean Dynamics, 66(12):1559-1588.

Balaguru, K., G.R. FOLTZ, L.R. Leung, and K.A. Emanuel, 2016: Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and intensification of super typhoons. Nature Communications, 7:13670.

Cresci, A., R. De Rosa, N.F. PUTMAN, and C.Agnisola, 2017: Earth-strength magnetic field affects the rheotactic threshold of zebrafish swimming in shoals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular and Integra-tive Physiology, 204:169-176.

DOMINGUES, R., M. BARINGER, and G. GONI, 2016: Remote sources for year-to-year changes in the seasonality of the Florida Current. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 121(10):7547-7559.

ENOCHS, I.C., D.P. MANZELLO, G. KOLODZIEJ, S.H.C. Noonan, L. VALENTINO, and K.E. Fabricius, 2016: Enhanced macroboring and depressed calcification drive net dissolution at high CO2 coral reefs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 283(1842):20161742.

Flower, H., M. Rains, D. Lewis, J.-Z. ZHANG, and R. Price, 2017: Saltwater intrusion as potential driver of phosphorus release from limestone bedrock in a coastal aquifer. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 184: 166-176.

Folmer, M.J., R.W. Pasken, S. Chiao, J. DUNION, and J. Halverson, 2016: Modeling studies on the formation of Hurricane Helene: The impact of GPS dropwindsondes from the NAMMA 2006 field campaign. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 128(6):733-750.

GOPALAKRISHNAN, S., C.V. Srinavas, and K.T. Bhatia, 2016: The hurricane boundary layer. In Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions, U.C. Mohanty and S.G. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Springer Netherlands, 589-626.

Heron, S.F., J.A. Maynard, R. VAN HOOIDONK, and C.M. Eakin, 2016: Warming trends and bleaching stress of the world’s coral reefs, 1985-2012. Nature Scientific Reports, 6:38402.

Jin, S., S. Wang, X. Li, L. Jiao, J.A. ZHANG, and D. Shen, 2017: A salient region detection and pattern matching-based algorithm for center detection of a partially covered tropical cyclone in a SAR image. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 55(1): 280-291.

Le Quéré, C., R.M. Andrew, J.G. Canadell, S. Sitch, J.I. Korsbakken, G.P. Peters, A.C. Manning, T.A. Boden, P.P. Tans, R.A. Houghton, R.F. Keeling, S. Alin, O.D. Andrews, P. Anthoni, L. BARBERO, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L.P. Chini, P. Ciais, K. Currie, C. Delire, S.C. Doney, P. Friedlingstein, T. Gkritzalis, I. Harris, J. Hauck, V. Haverd, M. Hoppema, K. Klein Goldewijk, A.K. Jain, E. Kato, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, D. Lombardozzi, J.R. Melton, N. Metzl, F. Millero, P.M.S. Monteiro, D.R. Munro, J.E.M.S. Nabel, S.I. Nakaoka, K. O’Brien, A. Olsen, A.M. Omar, T. Ono, D. PIERROT, B. Poulter, C. Rödenbeck, J. Salisbury, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, B.D. Stocker, A.J. Sutton, T. Takahashi, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G.R. van der Werf, N. Viovy, A.P. Walker, A.J. Wiltshire, and S. Zaehle, 2016: Global carbon budget 2016. Earth System Science Data, 8(2):605-649.

MARKS, F.D., 2016: Advancing the under-standing and prediction of tropical cyclones using aircraft observations. In Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions, U.C. Mohanty and S.G. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Springer Netherlands, 3-34.

Pendleton, L., A. Comte, C. Langdon, J.A. Ekstrom, S.R. Cooley, L. Suatoni, M.W. Beck, L.M. Brander, L. Burke, J.E. Cinner, C. Doherty, P.E.T. Edwards, D. Gledhill, L.-Q. Jiang, R.J. VAN HOOIDONK, L. Teh, G.G. Waldbusser, and J. Ritter, 2016: Coral reefs and people in a high CO2 world: Where can science make a differ-ence to people? PLoS ONE, 11(11):e0164699.

QUIRINO, T., and S.G. GOPALAKRISHNAN, 2016: Advanced diagnostics for the HWRF hurricane modeling system. In Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions, U.C. Mohanty and S.G. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Springer Netherlands, 517-534.

TRINANES, J.A., M.J. Olascoaga, G.J. GONI, N.A. Maximenko, D.A. Griffin, and J. Hafner, 2016: Analysis of flight MH370 potential debris trajectories using ocean observations and numerical model results. Journal of Operational Oceanography, 9(2):126-138.

ZHANG, X., S.G. GOPALAKRISHNAN, S. Trahan, T.S. QUIRINO, Q. Liu, Z. Zhang, G. ALAKA, and and V. Tallapragada, 2016: Representing multiple scales in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system: Design of multiple sets of movable multilevel nesting and the basin-scale HWRF forecast verification. Weather and Forecasting, 31(6): 2019-2034.