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VLBI with ALMA Geoff Crew and the ALMA Phasing Project Team 5 th International VLBI Technology Workshop Haystack, October 12, 2016

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VLBI with ALMA Geoff Crew

and the ALMA Phasing Project Team 5th International VLBI Technology Workshop

Haystack, October 12, 2016

Topics in this Presentation

• History and Status of the ALMA Phasing Project (APP) • Some Technical Implementation Details • Some Commissioning Results • Ready for Cycle 4: April 2017

2 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

ALMA  

History and Status of the ALMA Phasing Project

•  Broad support for APP •  NSF Major Research Instrumentation

Program awarded Aug 2011 for 4 years (extended into 2017)

•  Partners (ASIAA, MPIfR, NAOJ, U.Concepcion, Onsala)

•  ALMA North America Development Fund (supplement & 3 study projects)

•  General Status •  Hardware Accepted (Nov/Dec 2014) •  Online Software Accepted with Cycle 3

& for Cycle 4 (Aug 2015, Sep 2016) •  Commissioning partly done Cycle 3,

approaching completion for Cycle 4 (Oct 2015, Sep 2016)

3 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

•  Current work on complete analysis of •  1mm session (16 Gbps, April 8, 2016) •  3mm session (32 Gbps, July 10, 2016)

•  Recent Development •  Production correlation scripts •  Production QA2 (ALMA) scripts •  1mm analysis tools (for EHT)

•  Planning for Spring 2017 Cycle 4 Campaigns •  Approved proposals announced Aug 2016 •  GMVA 3 mm (window: March 30 – April 4) •  EHTC 1 mm (window: April 5 – April 14)

•  Future development (Cycle 5 and later) •  Use all 4 dual pol bands (64 Gbps) •  Relax Cycle 4 proposal restrictions

Quick Summary of Phased ALMA Capabilities

•  Equivalent collecting area: •  75-m parabolic dish (with 40 phased 12-m antennas, Cycle 4) •  84-m parabolic dish (with 50 phased 12-m antennas)

•  Frequencies of operation: •  Band 3 (84-116 GHz = λ 2.6 - 3.6 mm) •  Band 6 (211-275 GHz = λ 1.1 - 1.4 mm)

•  SEFD: •  ~70 Jy @ 3 mm •  ~ 100 Jy @ 1.3 mm

•  Bandwidth: 7.5 GHz (2 USB x 3.75 GHz and 2 LSB x 3.75 GHz) •  Polarization: Dual pol recording, full Stokes datasets •  VLBI Recording rates:

•  64 Gbps available and commissioned •  Band 3 uses 16 Gbps, Band 6 uses 32 Gbps in Cycle 4 (64 Gbps in Cycle 5)

•  Angular resolution of ALMA-Mauna Kea baseline: •  ~70 µas @ 3 mm •  ~30 µas @ 1.3 mm

4 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Technical Implementation Cartoon

5 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Maser

VLBI

Phasing

2 bits/sample

Each Quadrant:

2Pol x 32ch x 62.5MHz

Data Rate: 16 Gb/s

128 LVDS Pairs

Correlator: Baseline

TelCal Computer

Slow Phase Solver and Monitor

Fiber DEMUX

Fiber MUX

Correlator: Station

CDP Computer Cluster

Correlator: Control

Phasing Interface Card

Central Electronics

Central Variable Reference

Photonic LOH Maser

Front End

Samplers, WVR

Optical Fiber Tx

Antenna

Eng. Port

CLOA

GPS

Alma Scheduling Blocks

Connects to all sub−systemsALMA Control SystemCorr GPS

Correlator Card (CC)

Cross Correlation

Form VLBI Sum

Delay to align VLBI sum

VLBI sum antenna mask

Scaling of VLBI Sum

Route data to corr cards

VLBI sum input

Correlator Interface Card (CIC)

Long Term Accum/Final Add

Monitors phasing efficiency by

correlating sum with reference

to calculate phase corrections

Uses source model parameters

∆φ Phase Corrections (Slow)

Station Card

Geometric Delay

Optical Fiber Rx/Demux

Form 32 x 62.5 MHz slices

Tunable Filterbank Card (TFB)

Phase shift each slice

∆φ Phase Corrections (Fast)

Correlator Hardware Protocols

TFB Commanding

2 Cards per Quadrant

2−bit Quantization of VLBI sum

Control of CIC: VLBI sum on CAI 63

Control of CC:

VLBI antenna sum mask

Control of TFB:

Spectral Windows / Channel Averages

Synchronizatioed commanding

Packet Time setting

Monitor GPS−Maser Drift

Control of Phasing Interace Cards:

Control of VLBI Recorders

Sends Parameters to TelCal Computer

Control of Source Model Monitor

VLBI Scheduler

VLBI Observing Mode Scheduling Block

Fast WVR Phase Corrector

8 x 10 GbE

Phased Sum Data

AOS (high site)

OSF (low site)

OSF (low site)

8 x 10 GbE

VLBI 16 Gbps Recorders

Baseline Visibilities

Generate Channel Averages

10 GbE Packetization

Synchronization

PPS/Clock Monitor

VDIF Formatting

10 MHz

1 PPS

CRG: 125 MHz, &c

MASER_V_GPS_COUNTER

Tunab

le F

ilte

rban

k C

om

man

ds

5 MHz

Legend  Controller  domains  New/Old  h/w  &  s/w  All  done,  except  for:  

-­‐  Source  Modeler  

Array  OperaHons  Site  (AOS),  5000  m  

OperaHons  Support  Facility  (OSF),  2900m  

(with  happy  operator  Hector  Alarcon)  

Photo credit: ALMA

Photo credit: G. Crew

Hydrogen Maser (T4Science)

• Hydrogen Maser accepted Nov 2014 • Power-cycled during Feb. Maintenance • Works fine (Residuals of GPS-Maser fit: Ionospheric TEC variations)

6

Days  aPer  power-­‐cycling  completed  

+30ns  

-­‐30ns  

1  month  

Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

(Compared  with  good  crystal)  

1/2  year  

ALMA Correlator Modifications

7 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

•  4 Phasing Interface Card Assembly (PIC) pairs installed in 4 quadrants

•  (Correlator GPS and Maser) PPS monitoring with TTL to LVDS converter/distributor board

•  Many additional cables (2b x 32 channels/PIC x 8 PICs) •  PIC Firmware to send VDIF packets to link •  New ALMA Correlator communication protocols

Final  Adder  Mother  

ROACH2  Daughter  

Front  of  Quadrant  (4  Quadrants)  

Back  of  Quadrant  

Photo credit: G. Crew

Photo credit: R. Lacasse

Photo credit: R. Lacasse

Correlator  Bins  |  StaHon  Bins  

Recorders and Optical Link

•  Use a spare ALMA fiber (~35 km AOS - OSF) •  Fiber Mux (AOS) & DeMux (OSF) •  4 Mark6 16 Gbps Recorders & 1 spare •  KVM switch and monitor •  Delivery completed 2014 •  In use for VLBI since Jan 2015 APEX test •  Error rate ~1 ppm (due to dropped packets on each

of the 8 data streams) •  Modules

•  Well tested for 2900m •  ~ PB of test recordings onto 24TB and 32TB modules •  48TB or 64TB likely for Cycle 4

8 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Photo credit: G. Crew

OpHcal  DeMux  

ALMA Scheduling Blocks

9 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

•  VLBI  specifies  observing  session  details  via  VEX  files  •  ALMA  uses  Scheduling  Blocks  (SB)  to  describe  observaHon  

•  Science  Targets  •  CalibraHon  Targets  •  Spectral  setups,  &c.  •  Created  and  managed  using  Observing  Tool  (OT)  

•  VEX2VOM  tool  created  to  marry  VLBI  VEX  files  with  ALMA  OT  •  Once  the  SBs  are  “Ready”  observaHon  is  automaHc  

VLBI Schedule Blocks Fully Integrated with ALMA

10 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

•  VLBI  ObservaHons  run  the  same  as  normal  ALMA  observaHons  

•  VLBI  Schedule  (VEX)  is  embedded  in  ALMA  Scheduling  Block  (SB)  prior  to  observing  session  

•  Approximately  30min  of  pre-­‐session  calibraHons  are  required  prior  to  observing  

•  APer  that  it  all  runs  automaHcally  (schedule  and  calibraHons)  

•  The  session  is  broken  into  ~1hr  SBs  for  safety  with  ALMA  Archive  

ALMA  OMC  

Completed  SB  List   SubScans  

Correlation with DiFX

11 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Mark6  Subgroups  

Cluster  Output  File  System  

We  assign  one  data  stream  per  real  antenna  polariza1on  

2  Cores/Mark6  Cluster  CPUs  

(or  spare  Mark6  CPUs)  

Haystack Correlator (October, 2016)

12 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Old  S/W  Correlator  New  S/W  Correlator  

Photo credit: G. Crew

Nearly  Obsolete  Mark5A/Bs  AddiHonal  Cores  and  Mark6  Playback    units  on  order  

GeodeHc  

VGOS  

EHTC  

Some Additional Correlation Challenges

•  “Zoom band” required •  Due to ALMA’s 4000 MHz sampling rate •  ALMA’s 32 62.5 MHz channels are overlapped by 15/16 (<60 MHz usable) •  DDC mode (2 x 128 MHz x 2 pol) channels works with VLBA/GMVA (narrow) •  2048 MHz single channel R2DBE mode works with EHTC (wide)

• Similar EHTC complications with (phased) SMA at present •  Native 4576 MHz sampling rate •  Post-observation (offline) resampling to 2048 MHz (APHIDS) •  Will become online processing in the future

13 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

ALMA Phasing System

14 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Phased Phased PhasedUnphased ∆ ∆ ∆

TFB Commands

. . .

WVR Data

. . .

. . .

TelCal Solving

Correlator Scan Sequence

. . .

. . .

VLBI Scan Record On

Time

ALMA Phasing System (APS) •  Timeline of “scans” •  Tunable Filter Banks (TFBs)

have a phase-adjustment register •  Two time-scales for phase

adjustment in the TFBs •  “Slow” (18s) phasing loop •  “Fast” (1 Hz) adjustments

•  Proper tuning of Slow and Fast can be used to better manage weather (Cycle 5)

15

(Lather, rinse, repeat…)

dump  

First valid subscan

adjust  

Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Phasing Example (Aug 27th 2015)

Phased  Un-­‐Phased  

Correlated  amplitude  on  baselines  from  “sum”  and  “reference”  to  “comparison”  antennas  on  4  quadrants  with  same  tuning  

√N  8  Channel  Averages  

Reference-­‐Sum  Antennas    

Reference-­‐Comparison  Antennas  

Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016   16

Time  

Amp  

4  integraHons  /  correlator  subscan  Colored  by  channel  average  (200MHz)  

Fast WVR Correction Example (No Slow Phasing)

17

Phas

e (±

180

degr

ees)

Fast  Corrected  

Fast  Corrected  

Band  6:  4  Spectral  Window(SW)s  in  parallel;  2  SWs  fast-­‐corrected  ,  2  SWs  unadjusted;  one  ALMA  baseline  

Not  Corrected  

10 min

Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Not  Corrected  

Data  from  one  baseline  

Phasing Efficiency

18 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 10 20 30 40 50

APP0150

Aver

age(

<Com

p . S

um>

/ <C

omp

. Ref

>)

Phased Antennas (N)

Phasing Efficiency (Mar-Sep 2015)

Mar30Apr24

May07May29Jun20Jun19Aug27Aug25Sep14

Mar30(band6)Jul31(band6)

Aug01(band7)Aug01(band3)

•  Nominal  target  was  90%  of  perfect  •  All  data  was  taken  in  adverse*  condiHons  •  Phased  Sum  signal  (2-­‐bit)  is  ALMA-­‐correlated  •  The  analysis  isn’t  trivial  with  Np  >>  1$,  Nc  >>  1+  •  PolConvert  computes  the  per-­‐integraHon  

efficiency  and  provides  a  gain  table:  

We notice that both figures are computed in a completely independent way, since PolConvert

does not know anything about the magnitude of the phased signal (it only deals with single-

antenna calibration tables, derived from the intra-ALMA cross-correlations). The similarity

between these two figures is a good indicative that the calibration computed by PolConvert is

correct.

Figure 5: Left, amplitude of the phased signal during an observation of the bandpass

calibrator. Right, quantity proportional to the phasing e�ciency, as estimated by Pol-

Convert

4.1.4 Cross-phase

In Figure 6, we show the X-Y cross-phases of the reference antenna, computed from the

ALMAscans (left) and from the APPscans (right). They look completely di↵erent, as expected

due to the e↵ects of the APP TelCal. Indeed, for the APP cross-phase, the small jumps among

the frequency chunks used by TelCal can be appreciated in the spws used for VLBI (upper side

of the figure). It is worth noticing that the X-Y phase o↵set determined for the APPscans shall

be independent of the antenna used as reference in the QA2, since such o↵set was injected at all

the antennas prior to the cross-correlation, while keeping all phases close to zero. However, us-

ing a di↵erent reference antenna in the QA2 calibration of the ALMAscans will certainly change

the derived X-Y o↵set.

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT, for the success of the polarization conversion, to get rid

of the noisy solutions in the X-Y cross-phase calibration table. PolConvert will interpolate

the flagged channels using the neighboring solutions. In the case of spw1 in Fig. 6, there is

a set of a few close by channels with phases spread between 180 and �180 degrees. The

10

I.  MarH-­‐Vidal,  2016  

Sum  Antenna  AutocorrelaHon   PolConvert  Gain  CalculaHon    

*adverse:  weather,  operaHonal  s/w  issues…  $Np  is  number  phased  antennas  +Nc  is  number  comparison  antennas    

PolConvert Per-Sub-Band Fringes

19 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

•  ALMA  observes  with  LINEAR  polariza3ons  

•  PolConvert  converts  to  CIRCULAR  polariza3ons  

•  Band  6,  April  8  2016  commissioning  session  VLBI  calibrator  (a.k.a.  boring  quasar)  J1337-­‐1257  

•  1.3  Jy  at  233  GHz  •  PolConvert  “quick  fringe”  

analysis  on  single  channels  (no  band-­‐pass  correc1ons)  for  “runHme”  look  at  polarizaHon  processing  

•  Current  work  is  to  establish  level  of  polarizaHon  purity  in  detailed  analysis.  

Original,  Mixed  PolarizaHons  as  generated  by  DiFX  

Converted,  Circular  PolarizaHons  as  would  have  been  generated  by  DiFX  

|226.1   MHz     FREQUENCY     228.1|   |226.1   MHz     FREQUENCY     228.1|  

Corresponding Fourfit Fringes (parallel hands)

Mk4/DiFX fourfit 3.12 rev 1417 J1337-1257.zaoprj, No0015, AL ALMA - LMT, fgroup B, pol LL

8

130.159.982

4.358-118.3

0.0e+00

0.0007150.000596

-0.140009 0.000

226175.79690.320

e16b083557

2016:099070700.00070800.16070730.00

2016:250:1521442016:250:1633122016:250:063022

13h37m39.7828s-12˚57’24.693"

Fringe quality

SNRInt timeAmpPhasePFDDelays (us)SBDMBDFringe rate (Hz)

Ion TEC Ref freq (MHz)

AP (sec)Exp.Exper #Yr:dayStartStopFRTCorr/FF/build

RA & Dec (J2000)

Amp. and Phase vs. time for each freq., 7 segs, 31 APs / seg (9.92 sec / seg.), time ticks 10 sec

UValidity

L

A L

226175.80 Freq (MHz)

-116.4 Phase

3.7 Ampl.

129.2 Sbd box

188/0 APs usedU/L

0 PC freqsA

0 PC freqsL

0:0 PC phaseA:L

0:42 Manl PCA:L

PC ampA 1000

1000L

B00UL Chan idsA

B00UL Chan idsL

226234.39

-117.0

3.8

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-116

1000

1000

B01UL

B01UL

226292.98

-120.9

4.5

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:90

1000

1000

B02UL

B02UL

226351.58

-116.3

3.9

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-55

1000

1000

B03UL

B03UL

226410.17

-121.1

4.5

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:172

1000

1000

B04UL

B04UL

226468.77

-115.4

3.7

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:30

1000

1000

B05UL

B05UL

226527.36

-116.0

4.3

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-116

1000

1000

B06UL

B06UL

226585.95

-123.4

4.0

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:95

1000

1000

B07UL

B07UL

226644.55

-119.7

4.5

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-44

1000

1000

B08UL

B08UL

226703.14

-121.0

3.9

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:170

1000

1000

B09UL

B09UL

226761.73

-123.7

4.9

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:25

1000

1000

B10UL

B10UL

226820.33

-115.7

4.3

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-121

1000

1000

B11UL

B11UL

226878.92

-111.1

4.1

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:98

1000

1000

B12UL

B12UL

226937.52

-113.1

3.8

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-47

1000

1000

B13UL

B13UL

226996.11

-115.4

4.2

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:170

1000

1000

B14UL

B14UL

227054.70

-120.6

4.4

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:22

1000

1000

B15UL

B15UL

227113.30

-122.5

4.7

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-127

1000

1000

B16UL

B16UL

227171.89

-127.0

4.5

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:87

1000

1000

B17UL

B17UL

227230.48

-116.8

5.1

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-59

1000

1000

B18UL

B18UL

227289.08

-118.8

4.9

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:149

1000

1000

B19UL

B19UL

227347.67

-112.1

5.2

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:5

1000

1000

B20UL

B20UL

227406.27

-120.4

4.6

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-145

1000

1000

B21UL

B21UL

227464.86

-114.2

4.6

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:67

1000

1000

B22UL

B22UL

227523.45

-119.2

4.7

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-83

1000

1000

B23UL

B23UL

227582.05

-117.9

4.5

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:125

1000

1000

B24UL

B24UL

227640.64

-112.0

4.7

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-28

1000

1000

B25UL

B25UL

227699.23

-117.6

4.5

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:178

1000

1000

B26UL

B26UL

227757.83

-112.6

4.7

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:28

1000

1000

B27UL

B27UL

227816.42

-119.9

4.3

128.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-135

1000

1000

B28UL

B28UL

227875.02

-122.3

4.3

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:70

1000

1000

B29UL

B29UL

227933.61

-121.6

4.3

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-87

1000

1000

B30UL

Tracks

B30UL

Tracks

227992.20

-123.7

3.7

129.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:111

1000

1000

B31UL

B31UL

All

-118.3

4.4

129.1

Group delay (usec)(sbd)Sband delay (usec)Phase delay (usec)Delay rate (us/s)Total phase (deg)

-2.00426883596E+03-2.00426871693E+03-2.00426943338E+03-6.79469867373E-01

-89.0

Apriori delay (usec)Apriori clock (usec)Apriori clockrate (us/s)Apriori rate (us/s)Apriori accel (us/s/s)

-2.00426943193E+03-2.1081138E+03-2.3810001E-06

-6.79469248344E-011.76369108361E-05

Resid mbdelay (usec)Resid sbdelay (usec)Resid phdelay (usec)Resid rate (us/s)Resid phase (deg)

5.95964E-047.15000E-04

-1.45267E-06-6.19029E-07

-118.3

+/-+/-+/-+/-+/-

2.3E-061.3E-041.1E-083.1E-10

0.9RMS Theor. Amplitude 4.358 +/- 0.033 Pcal mode: MANUAL, MANUAL PC period (AP’s) 5, 5

ph/seg (deg) 16.5 1.2 Search (512X128) 4.223 Pcal rate: 0.000E+00, 0.000E+00 (us/s) sb window (us) -1.000 1.000amp/seg (%) 12.1 2.0 Interp. 0.000 Bits/sample: 2x2 SampCntNorm: disabled mb window (us) -0.008 0.008ph/frq (deg) 4.0 2.5 Inc. seg. avg. 4.524 Sample rate(MSamp/s): 64 dr window (ns/s) -0.006 0.006amp/frq (%) 9.5 4.3 Inc. frq. avg. 4.360 Data rate(Mb/s): 4096 nlags: 128 t_cohere infinite ion window (TEC) 0.00 0.00A: az 283.3 el 58.9 pa 113.3 L: az 182.8 el 57.9 pa 2.6 u,v (fr/asec) 10499.207 -17029.585 simultaneous interpolatorControl file: e16b08-LoLL-pc.conf Input file: /data-sc05/gbc/alma-april-band6-4-pc4/3557/No0015/AL..zaoprj Output file: /data-sc05/gbc/alma-april-band6-4-pc4/3557/No0015/AL.B.23.zaoprj

Mk4/DiFX fourfit 3.12 rev 1417 J1337-1257.zaoprj, No0015, AL ALMA - LMT, fgroup B, pol RR

8

125.259.9794.195

-2.50.0e+00

0.0005230.000608

-0.139970 0.000

226175.79690.320

e16b083557

2016:099070700.00070800.16070730.00

2016:250:1521442016:250:1633022016:250:063022

13h37m39.7828s-12˚57’24.693"

Fringe quality

SNRInt timeAmpPhasePFDDelays (us)SBDMBDFringe rate (Hz)

Ion TEC Ref freq (MHz)

AP (sec)Exp.Exper #Yr:dayStartStopFRTCorr/FF/build

RA & Dec (J2000)

Amp. and Phase vs. time for each freq., 7 segs, 31 APs / seg (9.92 sec / seg.), time ticks 10 sec

UValidity

L

A L

226175.80 Freq (MHz)

-7.9 Phase

3.5 Ampl.

129.4 Sbd box

188/0 APs usedU/L

0 PC freqsA

0 PC freqsL

0:0 PC phaseA:L

0:-87 Manl PCA:L

PC ampA 1000

1000L

B00UR Chan idsA

B00UR Chan idsL

226234.39

-2.8

3.9

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:15

1000

1000

B01UR

B01UR

226292.98

-0.5

3.5

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:129

1000

1000

B02UR

B02UR

226351.58

-6.5

3.7

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-121

1000

1000

B03UR

B03UR

226410.17

0.6

4.1

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-3

1000

1000

B04UR

B04UR

226468.77

-3.9

3.9

128.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:122

1000

1000

B05UR

B05UR

226527.36

-8.5

3.8

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-117

1000

1000

B06UR

B06UR

226585.95

2.2

4.2

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:8

1000

1000

B07UR

B07UR

226644.55

3.9

4.5

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:127

1000

1000

B08UR

B08UR

226703.14

0.8

4.6

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-118

1000

1000

B09UR

B09UR

226761.73

0.7

4.1

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-8

1000

1000

B10UR

B10UR

226820.33

2.3

3.9

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:106

1000

1000

B11UR

B11UR

226878.92

-3.2

4.5

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-136

1000

1000

B12UR

B12UR

226937.52

-2.4

4.6

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-26

1000

1000

B13UR

B13UR

226996.11

0.9

4.1

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:97

1000

1000

B14UR

B14UR

227054.70

-4.2

4.3

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-151

1000

1000

B15UR

B15UR

227113.30

-2.0

4.1

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-41

1000

1000

B16UR

B16UR

227171.89

-3.1

4.7

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:70

1000

1000

B17UR

B17UR

227230.48

-4.3

4.3

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-174

1000

1000

B18UR

B18UR

227289.08

-11.7

4.7

129.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-61

1000

1000

B19UR

B19UR

227347.67

-8.3

4.7

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:54

1000

1000

B20UR

B20UR

227406.27

-1.1

4.2

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:173

1000

1000

B21UR

B21UR

227464.86

-4.7

4.2

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-78

1000

1000

B22UR

B22UR

227523.45

-0.2

3.9

128.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:30

1000

1000

B23UR

B23UR

227582.05

-10.4

4.2

129.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:141

1000

1000

B24UR

B24UR

227640.64

-4.2

4.6

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-111

1000

1000

B25UR

B25UR

227699.23

-4.0

4.5

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-3

1000

1000

B26UR

B26UR

227757.83

-1.4

4.4

129.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:107

1000

1000

B27UR

B27UR

227816.42

6.3

4.3

128.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-147

1000

1000

B28UR

B28UR

227875.02

-1.1

4.4

129.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-44

1000

1000

B29UR

B29UR

227933.61

0.7

4.0

129.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:60

1000

1000

B30UR

Tracks

B30UR

Tracks

227992.20

-2.2

4.0

129.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:161

1000

1000

B31UR

B31UR

All

-2.5

4.2

129.1

Group delay (usec)(sbd)Sband delay (usec)Phase delay (usec)Delay rate (us/s)Total phase (deg)

-2.00426882399E+03-2.00426890943E+03-2.00426943196E+03-6.79469867200E-01

-333.2

Apriori delay (usec)Apriori clock (usec)Apriori clockrate (us/s)Apriori rate (us/s)Apriori accel (us/s/s)

-2.00426943193E+03-2.1081138E+03-2.3810001E-06

-6.79469248344E-011.76369108361E-05

Resid mbdelay (usec)Resid sbdelay (usec)Resid phdelay (usec)Resid rate (us/s)Resid phase (deg)

6.07937E-045.22500E-04

-3.09603E-08-6.18856E-07

-2.5

+/-+/-+/-+/-+/-

2.3E-061.4E-041.1E-083.2E-10

0.9RMS Theor. Amplitude 4.195 +/- 0.033 Pcal mode: MANUAL, MANUAL PC period (AP’s) 5, 5

ph/seg (deg) 16.9 1.2 Search (512X128) 4.091 Pcal rate: 0.000E+00, 0.000E+00 (us/s) sb window (us) -1.000 1.000amp/seg (%) 12.8 2.1 Interp. 0.000 Bits/sample: 2x2 SampCntNorm: disabled mb window (us) -0.008 0.008ph/frq (deg) 4.1 2.6 Inc. seg. avg. 4.362 Sample rate(MSamp/s): 64 dr window (ns/s) -0.006 0.006amp/frq (%) 8.0 4.5 Inc. frq. avg. 4.199 Data rate(Mb/s): 4096 nlags: 128 t_cohere infinite ion window (TEC) 0.00 0.00A: az 283.3 el 58.9 pa 113.3 L: az 182.8 el 57.9 pa 2.6 u,v (fr/asec) 10499.207 -17029.585 simultaneous interpolatorControl file: e16b08-LoRR-pc.conf Input file: /data-sc05/gbc/alma-april-band6-4-pc4/3557/No0015/AL..zaoprj Output file: /data-sc05/gbc/alma-april-band6-4-pc4/3557/No0015/AL.B.17.zaoprj

20 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Fringes  on  first  60s  (of  240s  recording)  

Corresponding Fourfit Fringes (cross hands)

Mk4/DiFX fourfit 3.12 rev 1403 J1337-1257.zaoprj, No0015, AL ALMA - LMT, fgroup B, pol LR

9

13.559.9790.453-66.5

2.4e-33

0.0080500.005382

-0.140598 0.000

226175.79690.320

e16b083557

2016:099070700.00070800.16070730.00

2016:250:1521442016:281:1911462016:235:133626

13h37m39.7828s-12˚57’24.693"

Fringe quality

SNRInt timeAmpPhasePFDDelays (us)SBDMBDFringe rate (Hz)

Ion TEC Ref freq (MHz)

AP (sec)Exp.Exper #Yr:dayStartStopFRTCorr/FF/build

RA & Dec (J2000)

Amp. and Phase vs. time for each freq., 7 segs, 31 APs / seg (9.92 sec / seg.), time ticks 10 sec

UValidity

L

A L

226175.80 Freq (MHz)

-123.8 Phase

0.1 Ampl.

153.0 Sbd box

188/0 APs usedU/L

0 PC freqsA

0 PC freqsL

0:0 PC phaseA:L

0:42 Manl PCA:L

PC ampA 1000

1000L

B00UL Chan idsA

B00UR Chan idsL

226234.39

-96.9

0.7

47.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-116

1000

1000

B01UL

B01UR

226292.98

-128.4

0.3

86.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:90

1000

1000

B02UL

B02UR

226351.58

-87.2

0.4

65.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-55

1000

1000

B03UL

B03UR

226410.17

-75.0

0.5

193.7

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:172

1000

1000

B04UL

B04UR

226468.77

-10.2

0.2

163.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:30

1000

1000

B05UL

B05UR

226527.36

-3.3

0.5

149.4

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-116

1000

1000

B06UL

B06UR

226585.95

-51.0

0.7

31.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:95

1000

1000

B07UL

B07UR

226644.55

-68.6

0.4

153.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-44

1000

1000

B08UL

B08UR

226703.14

-64.3

0.4

128.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:170

1000

1000

B09UL

B09UR

226761.73

-11.8

0.4

105.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:25

1000

1000

B10UL

B10UR

226820.33

-24.7

0.3

157.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-121

1000

1000

B11UL

B11UR

226878.92

-93.8

0.8

7.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:98

1000

1000

B12UL

B12UR

226937.52

-88.2

1.0

130.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-47

1000

1000

B13UL

B13UR

226996.11

-96.6

0.9

129.7

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:170

1000

1000

B14UL

B14UR

227054.70

-60.9

1.1

130.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:22

1000

1000

B15UL

B15UR

227113.30

-55.3

1.1

130.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-127

1000

1000

B16UL

B16UR

227171.89

-32.1

0.4

120.6

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:87

1000

1000

B17UL

B17UR

227230.48

-64.8

0.9

246.4

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-59

1000

1000

B18UL

B18UR

227289.08

-23.2

0.8

130.4

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:149

1000

1000

B19UL

B19UR

227347.67

-6.4

0.9

88.1

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:5

1000

1000

B20UL

B20UR

227406.27

83.3

0.4

175.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-145

1000

1000

B21UL

B21UR

227464.86

128.1

0.2

157.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:67

1000

1000

B22UL

B22UR

227523.45

96.9

0.4

157.4

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-83

1000

1000

B23UL

B23UR

227582.05

-102.7

0.3

101.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:125

1000

1000

B24UL

B24UR

227640.64

-109.2

0.6

219.6

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-28

1000

1000

B25UL

B25UR

227699.23

-133.5

0.7

217.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:178

1000

1000

B26UL

B26UR

227757.83

-81.9

0.4

247.5

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:28

1000

1000

B27UL

B27UR

227816.42

-89.3

1.2

130.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-135

1000

1000

B28UL

B28UR

227875.02

-45.0

1.2

129.7

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:70

1000

1000

B29UL

B29UR

227933.61

-79.3

0.5

55.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-87

1000

1000

B30UL

Tracks

B30UR

Tracks

227992.20

-53.6

0.5

131.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:111

1000

1000

B31UL

B31UR

All

-66.5

0.6

130.0

Group delay (usec)(sbd)Sband delay (usec)Phase delay (usec)Delay rate (us/s)Total phase (deg)

-2.00426404970E+03-2.00426138193E+03-2.00426943274E+03-6.79469869976E-01

-37.1

Apriori delay (usec)Apriori clock (usec)Apriori clockrate (us/s)Apriori rate (us/s)Apriori accel (us/s/s)

-2.00426943193E+03-2.1081138E+03-2.3810001E-06

-6.79469248344E-011.76369108361E-05

Resid mbdelay (usec)Resid sbdelay (usec)Resid phdelay (usec)Resid rate (us/s)Resid phase (deg)

5.38223E-038.05000E-03

-8.16123E-07-6.21632E-07

-66.5

+/-+/-+/-+/-+/-

2.2E-051.3E-031.0E-073.0E-09

8.5RMS Theor. Amplitude 0.453 +/- 0.033 Pcal mode: MANUAL, MANUAL PC period (AP’s) 5, 5

ph/seg (deg) 20.0 11.2 Search (512X128) 0.436 Pcal rate: 0.000E+00, 0.000E+00 (us/s) sb window (us) -1.000 1.000amp/seg (%) 32.4 19.6 Interp. 0.000 Bits/sample: 2x2 SampCntNorm: disabled mb window (us) -0.008 0.008ph/frq (deg) 62.0 24.0 Inc. seg. avg. 0.474 Sample rate(MSamp/s): 64 dr window (ns/s) -0.006 0.006amp/frq (%) 74.0 41.8 Inc. frq. avg. 0.557 Data rate(Mb/s): 4096 nlags: 128 t_cohere infinite ion window (TEC) 0.00 0.00A: az 283.3 el 58.9 pa 113.3 L: az 182.8 el 57.9 pa 2.6 u,v (fr/asec) 10499.207 -17029.585 simultaneous interpolatorControl file: e16b08-LoLL-pc.conf Input file: /data-sc05/gbc/alma-april-band6-4-pc4/3557/No0015/AL..zaoprj Output file: Suppressed by test mode

Mk4/DiFX fourfit 3.12 rev 1403 J1337-1257.zaoprj, No0015, AL ALMA - LMT, fgroup B, pol RL

9

9.459.982

0.315-104.5

9.3e-13

-0.005672-0.003961

-0.140031 0.000

226175.79690.320

e16b083557

2016:099070700.00070800.16070730.00

2016:250:1521442016:281:1912382016:235:133626

13h37m39.7828s-12˚57’24.693"

Fringe quality

SNRInt timeAmpPhasePFDDelays (us)SBDMBDFringe rate (Hz)

Ion TEC Ref freq (MHz)

AP (sec)Exp.Exper #Yr:dayStartStopFRTCorr/FF/build

RA & Dec (J2000)

Amp. and Phase vs. time for each freq., 7 segs, 31 APs / seg (9.92 sec / seg.), time ticks 10 sec

UValidity

L

A L

226175.80 Freq (MHz)

-11.2 Phase

0.6 Ampl.

123.7 Sbd box

188/0 APs usedU/L

0 PC freqsA

0 PC freqsL

0:0 PC phaseA:L

0:-87 Manl PCA:L

PC ampA 1000

1000L

B00UR Chan idsA

B00UL Chan idsL

226234.39

37.2

0.3

144.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:15

1000

1000

B01UR

B01UL

226292.98

-38.4

0.2

81.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:129

1000

1000

B02UR

B02UL

226351.58

-128.6

0.6

61.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-121

1000

1000

B03UR

B03UL

226410.17

-74.7

0.8

7.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-3

1000

1000

B04UR

B04UL

226468.77

-114.3

0.3

88.4

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:122

1000

1000

B05UR

B05UL

226527.36

-78.7

0.1

1.6

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-117

1000

1000

B06UR

B06UL

226585.95

-80.6

0.5

16.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:8

1000

1000

B07UR

B07UL

226644.55

-3.8

0.4

245.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:127

1000

1000

B08UR

B08UL

226703.14

75.8

0.2

8.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-118

1000

1000

B09UR

B09UL

226761.73

94.8

0.1

58.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-8

1000

1000

B10UR

B10UL

226820.33

144.2

0.8

146.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:106

1000

1000

B11UR

B11UL

226878.92

-109.8

0.2

156.5

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-136

1000

1000

B12UR

B12UL

226937.52

-156.9

0.9

128.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-26

1000

1000

B13UR

B13UL

226996.11

-139.0

0.6

159.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:97

1000

1000

B14UR

B14UL

227054.70

-144.8

0.4

77.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-151

1000

1000

B15UR

B15UL

227113.30

-144.7

1.1

127.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-41

1000

1000

B16UR

B16UL

227171.89

177.1

0.4

89.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:70

1000

1000

B17UR

B17UL

227230.48

-81.3

0.8

250.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-174

1000

1000

B18UR

B18UL

227289.08

-102.0

0.8

165.9

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-61

1000

1000

B19UR

B19UL

227347.67

-44.6

0.4

123.7

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:54

1000

1000

B20UR

B20UL

227406.27

-57.3

0.3

101.8

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:173

1000

1000

B21UR

B21UL

227464.86

-92.0

0.6

248.0

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-78

1000

1000

B22UR

B22UL

227523.45

-161.7

0.6

228.7

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:30

1000

1000

B23UR

B23UL

227582.05

-41.4

0.2

71.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:141

1000

1000

B24UR

B24UL

227640.64

-131.0

0.9

128.6

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-111

1000

1000

B25UR

B25UL

227699.23

-78.0

0.2

166.2

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-3

1000

1000

B26UR

B26UL

227757.83

-102.3

0.9

128.7

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:107

1000

1000

B27UR

B27UL

227816.42

-69.0

1.1

128.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-147

1000

1000

B28UR

B28UL

227875.02

-92.0

0.4

124.5

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:-44

1000

1000

B29UR

B29UL

227933.61

-40.9

0.3

162.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:60

1000

1000

B30UR

Tracks

B30UL

Tracks

227992.20

-96.5

0.2

136.3

188/0

0

0

0:0

0:161

1000

1000

B31UR

B31UL

All

-104.5

0.4

128.3

Group delay (usec)(sbd)Sband delay (usec)Phase delay (usec)Delay rate (us/s)Total phase (deg)

-2.00427339285E+03-2.00427510393E+03-2.00426943321E+03-6.79469867470E-01

-75.2

Apriori delay (usec)Apriori clock (usec)Apriori clockrate (us/s)Apriori rate (us/s)Apriori accel (us/s/s)

-2.00426943193E+03-2.1081138E+03-2.3810001E-06

-6.79469248344E-011.76369108361E-05

Resid mbdelay (usec)Resid sbdelay (usec)Resid phdelay (usec)Resid rate (us/s)Resid phase (deg)

-3.96092E-03-5.67200E-03-1.28340E-06-6.19126E-07

-104.5

+/-+/-+/-+/-+/-

3.1E-051.8E-031.5E-074.3E-09

12.2RMS Theor. Amplitude 0.315 +/- 0.033 Pcal mode: MANUAL, MANUAL PC period (AP’s) 5, 5

ph/seg (deg) 17.2 16.1 Search (512X128) 0.305 Pcal rate: 0.000E+00, 0.000E+00 (us/s) sb window (us) -1.000 1.000amp/seg (%) 32.2 28.2 Interp. 0.000 Bits/sample: 2x2 SampCntNorm: disabled mb window (us) -0.008 0.008ph/frq (deg) 70.9 34.5 Inc. seg. avg. 0.316 Sample rate(MSamp/s): 64 dr window (ns/s) -0.006 0.006amp/frq (%) 108.7 60.2 Inc. frq. avg. 0.428 Data rate(Mb/s): 4096 nlags: 128 t_cohere infinite ion window (TEC) 0.00 0.00A: az 283.3 el 58.9 pa 113.3 L: az 182.8 el 57.9 pa 2.6 u,v (fr/asec) 10499.207 -17029.585 simultaneous interpolatorControl file: e16b08-LoRR-pc.conf Input file: /data-sc05/gbc/alma-april-band6-4-pc4/3557/No0015/AL..zaoprj Output file: Suppressed by test mode

21 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Fringes  on  first  60s  (of  240s  recording)  

Imaging with ALMA

22 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

23 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Scale (frequencies)kpc (22 GHz + 1.6 GHz)

100 pc (1.6 GHz)

10 pc (15 GHz)

1 pc (43 GHz)

from K. Akiyama

3C273Imaging: Merlin VLBA

24 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Scale (frequencies)kpc (22 GHz + 1.6 GHz)

100 pc (1.6 GHz)

10 pc (15 GHz)

1 pc (43 GHz)

~0.1 pc <103 Rs (86 GHz)

from K. Akiyama

(simulation) (simulation)

Imaging: Merlin VLBA Simulated: VLBA + GBT GMVA – ALMA GMVA + ALMA

Band 3 Commissioning Image: VLBA alone

25 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

I.  MarH-­‐Vidal,  2016  

Very  quick,  preliminary  reducHon  by  I.  MarH-­‐Vidal  

Band 3 Commissioning Image: VLBA + ALMA

26 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

I.  MarH-­‐Vidal,  2016  

Very  quick,  preliminary  reducHon  by  I.  MarH-­‐Vidal  

Band 3 Commissioning Image: ALMA/VLBA contours

27 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

I.  MarH-­‐Vidal,  2016  

Very  quick,  preliminary  reducHon  by  I.  MarH-­‐Vidal  

Summary and Future Prospects

• Ready to go for Cycle 4 •  3(3mm)+5(1mm) projects accepted by ALMA •  Logistical details (media, schedules, &c.) being sorted out

• Post-Cycle 4 development •  Relax restrictions of Cycle 4 (which were fairly rigid) •  Increase band 6 to 64 Gbps (requires EHT development) •  Address the “delay problem” (delays removed via phasing adjustments rather

than as normally handled in the ALMA Correlator Data Processing Nodes). •  Allow lower flux sources (>500 mJy required in Cycle 4)

28 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Additional Slides

29 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

VLBI Ready for Cycle 4!

Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016   30

Delay Correction with Phase Adjustments

31

Delay  when  un-­‐phased    

Delay  when  phased    

Example  DA58  (reference  antenna)  &  DV11    (phased  in  most  scans;  un-­‐phased  for  some)  

8  Channel  Averages  were  used  

Phas

e (±

20 d

egre

es)

Full 2 GHz Frequency BandCrew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

The Problem w/CARMA and ALMA

32

4  separate  IFs  

32  ALMA  TFBs  

58  32  MHz  PFBs  

Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Correlation with PolConvert

•  Conversion tool works with both ALMA bands and could be used with other telescopes

•  Full validation requires >3 hour observing runs for good parallactic angle coverage

•  Operational scenario requires ALMA data analysts to reduce ALMA data for PolConvert inputs and provide them to the correlators

33 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

ObservaHon   ALMA  Archive  

VLBI  CorrelaHon   Project  PI  PolConvert

PolConvert Inputs

VLBI Data Products

ALMA Data Products

PolarizaHon  CalibraHon  ReducHon  (QA2?)  

X/Y   L/R  

Simulated ALMA Observations

34 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

<-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐Time  in  AcHvity  

<-­‐-­‐CumulaHve  Time  VLBI  Scan  

CalibraHon  

Actual ALMA Observations

35 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

<-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐Time  in  AcHvity  

<-­‐-­‐CumulaHve  Time  VLBI  Scan  

CalibraHon  

Additional Development Topics

•  Source Model (original proposal) •  Implemented on Control side •  Still needs TelCal algorithm & ALMA

Catalog support •  Cycle 5 or (more likely) Cycle 6

•  Phasing System GUIs (original proposal) •  Supported at lower level in Control &

TelCal •  Working on prototypes for eventual

reimplementation into the new ALMA QuickLook machinery

•  Existing GUIs are adequate for Cycle 4 •  Some commissioned capabilities unused in

Cycle 4 (e.g. Fast Mode) could be offered in Cycle 5 or Later

•  L. Matthews “Extensions & Enhancements to the APS” ALMA Development Fund Study •  Extension to Band 7 (0.8 mm) •  Mismatched data rate (125 MHz vs 128

MHz) •  Study better solution to the delay problem •  Data reduction support

•  J. Cordes “Pulsars, Magnetars and Transients w/ the APS” ALMA Development Fund Study •  Study suitability of current system for

temporal searching (e.g. look for ALMA periodicities in APS)

•  Study additional observing capabilities (e.g. passive phasing and new phasing modes)

36 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

Simulated Images: VLBA alone

VLBA (3mm stations)!

5.6 Gλ!

Dirty beam!

270 × 120 μas!

δ=20 degrees; 4-hr track!

37 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

L.Mayhews,  2015  

Simulated Images: VLBA + ALMA

VLBA+ALMA!

5.6 Gλ!

Dirty beam!

150 × 60 μas!

δ=20 degrees; 4-hr track!

38 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

L.Mayhews,  2015  

Simulated Images: VLBA + ALMA + GBT + Haystack

VLBA+ALMA+GBT+Haystack!

5.6 Gλ!

Dirty beam!

120 × 70 μas!

δ=20 degrees; 4-hr track!

39 Crew  -­‐  VLBI  with  ALMA  -­‐  Oct  12,  2016  

L.Mayhews,  2015