1. 1. "Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor in exact truth, but in a way of feeling." --Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867)
2. 2. ROMANTICISM Romantic era or the Romantic period
3. 3. originated in the 18th Century in Western Europe. was an intellectual movement that influenced many works was prepared by a literary transitional movement from Enlightenment, called pre-romanticism it passed through different stages that were specific for the diverse regions of Europe
4. 4. In the visual arts romanticism is used to refer loosely to a trend that appears at any time, and specifically to the art of the early 19th cent. Nineteenth-century romanticism was marked by the avoidance of classical forms and rules, emphasis on the emotional and spiritual, representation of the unattainable ideal, nostalgia for the grace of past ages, and a preference for exotic themes. Romantic artists developed clear-cut techniques so as to produce specific associations in the mind of the viewer. To convey verbal concepts they would, for example, endow inanimate objects with human values (e.g., the wild trees and shimmery moonlight used in the paintings of Caspar David Friedrich to suggest an infinity of human longing, the weltschmerz of his time). The result was often sentimental or ludicrous. In the case of Delacroix however, his painterly style and color sense exalted the romantic attitude in a singularly effective fashion. In England landscape gardening was used to express the romantic aesthetic by means of deliberate imitation of the picturesque in nature. In architecture Wyatts preposterous, mock medieval Font hill Abbey displayed the romantic building style in extreme form. The host of lesser artists of the romantic tradition included the French Gricault the Swiss-English Henry Fuseli, the Swiss Arnold Bcklin, the English Pre-Raphaelites, the German Nazarenes, and the American artists of the Hudson River school.
5. 5. LANDSCAPE GARDENING WAS USED TO EXPRESS THE ROMANTIC AESTHETIC SENSE
6. 6. Francisco de Goya's work explored madness and oppression, while Caspar David Friedrich found endless inspiration in moonlight and fog.
7. 7. ROMANTIC LITERARY AND VISUAL ARTISTS
8. 8. VISUAL ARTISTS ASSOCIATED WITH ROMANTICISM Antoine-Louis Barye William Blake Theodore Chasseriou John Constable John Sell Cotman John Robert Cozens Eugene Delacroix Paul Delaroche Asher Brown Durand Caspar David Friedrich Theodore Gericault Anne-Louis Girodet Thomas Girlin Francisco de Goya William Morris Hunt Edwin Landseer Thomas Lawrence Samuel Palmer Pierre-Paul Prudhon Francois Rude John Ruskin J.M.W.Turner Horace Vernet Franz Xavier Winterhatt
9. 9. Romantic visual and literary artists glorified the things which were hardly ever physical. They glorified huge, complex concepts such as liberty, survival, ideals, hope, awe, heroism, despair, and the various sensations that nature evokes in humans. All of these are felt not only on an individual but highly subjective level.
10. 10. EUGENE DELACROIX French painter Noted for use of color which influenced later impressionism movement Was influenced by English painter John Constable and English poet Lord Byron Illustrated a French edition of Goethe's Faust Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Born: 1798 Died: 1863
11. 11. La Libert Guidant Le Peuple, (90 Kb); Painted on 28 July 1830, to commemorate the July Revolution that had just brought Louis-Philippe to the French throne; Louvre. The Barque of Dante, 1822 (150 Kb); Oil on canvas, 189 x 242 cm (74 1/2 x 95 1/4"); Musee du Louvre, Paris Combat of Giaour and Hassan, 1826 (80 Kb); Oil on canvas; Art Institute of Chicago The Death of Sardanapal, 1827 (130 Kb); Oil on canvas, 392 x 496 cm; Musee du Louvre, Paris
12. 12. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Portrait of Napolon Bonaparte, The First Consul. 1804
13. 13. Portrait of Madame Duvauay. 1807. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. The Songs of Ossian
14. 14. HENRY FUSELI Born: 1741 Died: 1825 Swiss born painter, draughtsman, and writer on art Writings include: Lectures on Painting(1801) Translation of Winckelmann's Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks(1765)
15. 15. Lady Macbeth, 1784 (30 Kb); Oil on canvas; Louvre Macbeth and the Witches, (20 Kb); Oil on canvas; Petworth House at Sussex, England Perseus Returning the Eye of the Graii, (60 Kb); Pen; City Art Gallery at Birmingham, England
16. 16. Joseph Mallord William Turner Biographical Info Born: 1775 Died: 1851 One of the founders of English watercolor landscape paintingInstead of merely recording factually what he saw, Turner translated scenes into a light-filled expression of his own romantic feelings Landscape with Distant River and Bay, Oil on canvas (100 Kb), 94 x 124 cm (37 x 49"); Musee du Louvre, Paris Snowstorm, 1842 (220 Kb); Oil on canvas, 91.5 x 122 cm (36 x 48 in) Rain, Steam, and Speed: The Great Western Railway, 1844
17. 17. George Walker (English Painter) Biographical Info Born: 1781 Died: 1856 Wensley Dale Knitters, (1814) Middleton Colliery, (1814) First ever painting of a locomotive
18. 18. PORTRAIT OF A KLEPTOMANIAC
19. 19. John Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare 1781
20. 20. Thomas Jones, The Bard, 1774, a prophetic combination of Romanticism and nationalism by the Welsh artist.
21. 21. Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson , Ossian receiving the Ghosts of the French Heroes, 180002
22. 22. The Charging Chasseur Thodore Gericault (17911824):
23. 23. THE RAFT OF THE MEDUS of 1821, remains the greatest achievement of the Romantic history painting, which in its day had a powerful anti-
24. 24. The Voyage of Life: Childhood Artist : Thomas Cole Date: 1842
25. 25. The Voyage of Life: Youth Artist : Thomas Cole Date: 1842
26. 26. The Voyage of Life: Manhood Artist : Thomas Cole Date: 1842
27. 27. The Voyage of Life: Old Age Artist : Thomas Cole Date: 1842
28. 28. ROMANTIC ART STYLE
29. 29. Two Men Contemplating the Moon (1830),Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin. By the German Romantic painter,Caspar David Friedrich
30. 30. The Lady of Shalott (1888),Tate Collection, London by John William Waterhouse.
31. 31. In the visual arts romanticism is used to refer loosely to a trend that appears at any time, and specifically to the art of the early 19th century. Nineteenth-century romanticism was characterized by the avoidance of classical forms and rules, emphasis on the emotional and spiritual, representation of the unattainable ideal, nostalgia for the grace of past ages, and a predilection for Exotic themes.
32. 32. Romantic artists developed precise techniques in order to produce specific associations in themind of the viewer. To convey verbal concepts they would, for example, endow inanimate objects with human values (e.g., the wild trees and shimmery moonlight used in the paintings of Caspar David Friedrich to suggest an infinity of human longing, the weltschmerz of his time). The result was often sentimental or ludicrous. In the case of Delacroix, however, his painterly style and color sense exalted the romantic attitude in a singularly effective fashion. In England landscape gardening was used to express the romantic aesthetic by means of deliberate imitation of the picturesque in nature. In architecture Wyatt's preposterous, mock medieval Fonthill Abbey displayed the romantic building style in extreme form. The host of lesser artists of the romantic tradition included the French Gricault, the Swiss-English Henry Fuseli, the Swiss Arnold Bcklin, the English Pre-Raphaelites, the German Nazarenes, and the American artists of the Hudson River school.
33. 33. When was the romantic style of art popular ? The Romantic Movement started at the end of the 1700s and reached its peak in the early 1800s. It marked the end of the Baroque movement which was followed by Realism.
34. 34. MUSIC IN THE ROMANTIC ERA
35. 35. ROMANTICISM IN MUSIC
36. 36. MUSIC HISTORY : THE ROMANTIC ERA In music, the nineteenth century witnessed the birth of new genres such as the program symphony, pioneered by Beethoven and now developed by Hector Berlioz; its off-shoot, the symphonic poem was developed by Franz Liszt; the concert overture, examples of which were composed by Felix Mendelssohn ; and short, expressive piano pieces written for the bourgeois salons of Europe by Robert Schumann and Frdric Chopin. Italian operas were composed in the Bel canto traditions, and these led directly to the masterworks of Giuseppe Verdi while the idea of the German music drama was established by Richard Wagner. For inspiration, many Romantic composers turned to the visual arts, to poetry, drama and literature, and to nature itself. Using the classical forms of sonata and symphony as a starting point, composers began to focus more on new melodic styles, richer harmonies, in the pursuit of moving their audiences, rather than adhering to the structural discipline of Classical forms. Later composers of the nineteenth century would further build on the forms and ideas developed by the Romantic composers.
37. 37. Franz Liszt Hungarian composer Franz Liszt started his career as the outstanding concert pianist of the century, who, along with the prodigious violinist Niccol Paganini (1782-1840), created the cult of the modern instrumental virtuoso. To exhibit his phenomenal and unprecedented technique, Liszt composed a great deal of music designed specifically for this purpose, resulting in a vast amount of piano literature laden with dazzling scales, trills, arpeggios, leaps, and other technical marvels. In this vein, Liszt composed a series of virtuosic rhapsodies on Hungarian gypsy melodies, the best-known being the all too familiar Hungarian Rhapsody no. 2.
38. 38. Felix Mendelssohn Mendelssohn was encouraged by his family to study music and to make a career out of it. When he was seventeen year old, he composed an overture based on Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" which was so successful that some years later he composed more music on the subject, resulting in a suite of pieces to be used in conjunction with productions of the play. Mendelssohn responded to nature as did most composers of the period one of the results of nature's influence was the Fingal's Cave Overture, also known as The Hebrides, which depicts the rocky, wind- swept coast and ancient caverns of Scotland. Mendelssohn's many travels also influenced two of his five symphonies, the third in A minor, known as the "Scotch" Symphony, and his popular Symphony no. 4 in A major, known as the "Italian" symphony, which incorporates melodies and dances that Mendelssohn heard while traveling in that country.
39. 39. Robert Schumann Schumann is unique in music history as he was one of the great composers who concentrated on one musical genre at a time, with the bulk of his earliest compositions being for the piano. Schumann's piano music (and later his songs) remain supreme examples of the Romantic style of the second quarter of the nineteenth-century. Immensely influenced by literature and poetry. Schumann founded Die Neue Zeitschrift fr Musik (The New Journal for Music) in 1834, and continue to be its editor for ten years. In the pages of this publication, Schumann considerably raised the standards of music criticism and did everything that he could do to promote the careers of young composers such as Frdric Chopin, Hector Berlioz, and especially Johannes Brahms, who was to become a very close friend of Schumann.
40. 40. Frdric Chopin Chopin's entire musical output was devoted to his favorite instrument, the piano. His over 200 solo compositions for the piano all demonstrate his highly individual melodic style, and include two sets of etudes (studies), three sonatas, four ballads, many pieces he variously titled preludes, impromptus, or scherzos, and a great number of dances. Included among the latter are a number of waltzes, but also a great many mazurkas and six polonaises, both of which are dances from his native Poland. Few of these dance pieces are among Chopin's famous works, including the proud Polonaise in A-flat major and the haunting Waltz in C-sharp minor. Among Chopin's most individual works are the Prludes. Intended to serve as improvisatory beginnings to an intimate recital, these pieces range from tender melancholy to the dramatic utterances of the stormy Prelude in D minor. Many of Chopin's most beautiful compositions come from the series of short, reflective pieces he called Nocturnes. As can be heard in the Nocturne in F-sharp, these works are usually gentle and dreamlike with a flowing, rocking bass, and aptly demonstrate Chopin's preference for sweet, song-like melodies, very much in the style of Italian bel cantoopera of the period.
41. 41. Gioacchino Rossini Producing his first opera at the age of eighteen, Rossini composed dozens. Rossini excelled in the opera buffa or comic opera of the day. Indeed, the music he wrote for these comic works has been described as "the perfect distillation of comedy into music. Whether in comic or serious opera, his vocal style reflected the highly embellished, virtuosic melodic line again in favor at the time. This style is apparent in the aria "Una voce poco fa" from The Barber of Seville, widely regarded as Rossini's masterpiece in the opera buffa genre. Italian Bel Canto Opera Inheriting the bel canto tradition from Rossini, Donizetti's operas are today mostly admired for their many attractive melodies and fine ensembles. Donizetti's most famous opera is certainly Lucia di Lammermoor which was based on a novel written by Sir Walter Scott.
42. 42. Romanticism in music was characterized by an emphasis on emotion and great freedom of form. It attained its fullest development in the works of German composers. Although elements of romanticism are present in the music of Beethoven, Weber, and Schubert, it reached its zenith in the works of Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, Liszt, and Wagner. Less totally romantic composers usually placed in the middle period of romanticism are Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvok, and Grieg; those grouped in the last phase include Elgar, Puccini, Mahler, Richard Strauss, and Sibelius. Many romantic composers, including Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, and Brahms, worked in small forms that are flexible in structure, e.g., prelude, intermezzo, nocturne, ballad, and cappriccio, especially in solo music for the piano. Another romantic contribution was the art song for voice and piano, most notably the German lied (see song). Romantic composers, particularly Liszt, in combining music and literature, created the symphonic poem. Berlioz also made use of literature; much of his work is described as program music. Romantic opera began with Weber, included the works of the Italians Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, and Verdi, and culminated in the work of Wagner, who aimed at a complete synthesis of the arts in his idea of Gesamtkunstwerk [total work of art].
43. 43. While Tchaikovsky was inspired by a more universal romanticism, the movement in Russia was nationalist in nature, exemplified by the works of Mikhail Glinka. The music of the Czech composers Bedich Smetana and Dvok and that of the Norwegian composer Grieg also expressed romantic nationalism. Toward the end of the 19th century interest in classical forms was revived by Bruckner, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, and Franck. The end of the romantic period--frequently described as decadent and grandiose--is often referred to as postromanticism and is represented by the works of Holst, Elgar, Mahler, and Richard Strauss.
44. 44. During the Romantic period, music often took on a much more nationalistic purpose. For example, Jean Sibelius' Finlandia has been interpreted to represent the rising nation of Finland, which would someday become independent from Russian control (Child 2006). Frdric Chopin was one of the first composers to have incorporated nationalistic elements into his compositions. Joseph Machlis states, "Poland's struggle for freedom from tsarist rule aroused the national poet in Poland. Examples of musical nationalism abound in the output of the romantic era.
45. 45. Sibelius in 1913 Jean Sibelius was a Finnish composer who belonged to the late Romantic period. His music played an important role in the formation of the Finnish national identity. Romantic Nationalism was to become a crucial element in Sibelius' artistic output and his political leanings. By the age of 15, he set his heart upon becoming a great violin performer. Eventually, he become quite an accomplished player of the instrument, even publicly performing the last two movements of the Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in Helsinki. Like Beethoven, Sibelius used each successive work to further develop his own personal compositional style. His works continue to be performed regularly in the concert hall and are often recorded. Since the year 2011, Finland has been celebrating Flag Day on 8 December to commemorate the composer's birthday, also known as the 'Day of Finnish Music.
46. 46. THE END
47. 47. BIBILIOGRAPHY 1. Encyclopdia Britannica. "''Romanticism '. Retrieved 30 January 2008, from Encyclopdia Britannica Online" Britannica.com. Retrieved 2010-08-24. 2. Brown, David Blaney. Romanticism. New York; Phaidon,2001. 3.Casey, Christopher (October 30, 2008). ""Grecian Grandeurs and the Rude Wasting of Old Time": Britain, the Elgin Marbles, and Post-Revolutionary Hellenism 4. Christopher J. Murray, Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 17601850 (2004) vol. 2. p 742 5. Engell, James. The Creative Imagination; Enlightenment to Romanticism. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press,1981. 6. Honour, Hugh. Romanticism New York: Fleming Honour Ltd, 1979. 7. Ives, Colta with Elizabeth E.Barker. Romanticism & The School of Nature (exh.cat). New Haven and New York: Yale University Press and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. 8. Music History 102: a Guide to Western Composers and their music Designed, compiled and created by Robert Sherrane
48. 48. ABOUT THE PRESENTER Ms. Dayamani Surya holds Masters Degree in the English Literature from Osmania University, Hyderabad, Post Graduate Certificate in Teaching of English from CIEFL, Post Graduate Diploma in Teaching of English from CIEFL, Bachelors degree in Science and Bachelors degree in Education. She holds online professional certifications: Project Management Human Resource Management Financial Accounting Management and Accounting Business Process Outsourcing Advance Learning Certificate in English Literature Analysis from Ireland. As a Research Associate in the District Centre for English Scheme, Department of Training and Development, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad since 1 May 2007, her work focuses on administration, curriculum development and teaching in the International Training Programme for Foreign Students at the University. At the personal level, she works online as a mentor, helps the scholars in their project work, compilation of articles and papers, contributes to the publication of articles and journals. She is interested in writing diaries, blogs and short stories.