Visual Dictionary

By: Zoning

Air Barrier Paper

• Air barrier paper is polyolefin sheet material. This material which is permeable to water vapor but not to liquid water or air, comes in wide rolls allowing coverage of a single story house in one pass.

Attic VentilationSoffit Vents permits generous airflow to all rafter spaces but keeps insects out.

Ridge Vents allow air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge.

Attic Ventilation

A Gable Vent is a screened, louvered opening in a gable, used for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic.

Roof Turbine Vents are effective in replacing the hot air in an attic. Wind blows across the fins in the turbine and exhausts the heat build up.

Backhoe

Backhoes have many different uses in construction, landscaping, and building purposes. Mining, brush cutting, digging and lifting heavy object are just a few things a backhoe can accomplish. Bucket Width= 22 inches.

Batter Boards

Batter Boards are a temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.

Brick Arches

Gothic Arch

Roman Arch

Roman Arch with Keystone

Centering

Brick Bonds

Flemish Bond

Common Bond

Brickwork

Header

Rowlock

Sailor

Soldier

Shiner

Brick Sizes

The size brick we found was a Utility Brick. Its dimensions equal: 3½”x 11½”x 3½”

The other brick is the standard brick. Its dimensions equal: 3½”x 8”x 2¼”

Bulldozer

A Bulldozer is equipped with a substantial metal plate known as a blade, used to push large quantities of soil, sand, mud, etc., during construction work.

Cladding Brick Clad

EIFS CladStone Clad

Wood Board CladWood Shingle Clad

Code Requirements

In the International Building Code it states that a window’s square feet of opening should be more than 5.7 sq. ft. With the window we chose to photograph it meets the code with the square ft of opening being 6.46 sq. ft. The width of the window is 30” and the height is 31” which both exceed the minimum measurements which are with being 34½” and the height being 24”. The requirements for the sill is that the sill must be under 44” from the sill to the floor. This window sill is 21½” from the floor which also meets code.

The stairs that we chose have no opening limitations between treads and also meet requirements in that the TREAD measures 10½” and the RISER measures 7½.” The code sates: Tread: 10” min. Riser: 7¾ max.

Concrete JointsA Control Joint is an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

An Isolation Joint is a joint that isolates the slab from a wall, column, or drainpipe. In this photograph you can clearly see the slab is being isolated from the wall behind me.

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

1 CMU = 3 courses of standard brick

12 x 8 x 16

A Concrete Masonry Unit(CMU) is a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone. The standard CMU block is 8” in height and 16” long. They are very sturdy and are used frequently for the foundation of big buildings.

4 x 8 x 16

Decorative Concrete Masonry

Split Block

Ribbed Block

Doors

Exterior Flush Door

Transom-A small window above a door.

Sidelight-A tall, narrow window alongside a door.

DoorsTop Rail

Lock Rail

Stile

Bottom Rail

Panel

Electrical Components

Power Pole With a Transformer

What a power pole with a transformer does is take electricity of one voltage and change it into another voltage

Service Head

A service head is usually on top of or on the side of a house and is used to intercept the wires from power poles and direct them to the service panel.

Electrical Components

A meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence.

Electrical Components

Service Panel

A service panel is a distribution board that divides the electrical mains feed into various circuits.

Duplex Receptacle

A duplex receptacle is an outlet in the residence or building that provides the electricity you need for anything.

Framing Elements

#1 Anchor Bolt

#2 Sill Plate#3 Floor Joist

#4 Subflooring

Framing Elements

#7 Top Plate

#8 Ceiling Joist

#9 Rafter#10 Roof Decking

#5 Sole Plate

#6 Stud

Framing Elements

#11 Sheathing

#12 Stringer

Front End Loader

A Front End Loader is a piece of construction equipment that is primarily used to load asphalt, dirt, rock, etc., into or onto another type of machinery like a dump truck. This is how the front end loader differs from a backhoe and bulldozer. Although they have similar operations, the front end loader is the one that actually places the loose material in the truck.

Gypsum Board

Gypsum Board- An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall and plasterboard.

Heat Pump

To the left is the compressor/ condensor which takes the air in compresses it and takes it to the air handling unit on the right. The air is then heated and forced through small supply ducts to each room which eventually makes it back to the air handling unit via a return air duct.

Compressor/Condenser Air Handling Unit

An advantage of this heat pumps is the ability to heat a house rapidly. A disadvantage is that it spreads dust around the home, especially in the case of floor vents which results in dust and dirt getting trapped underneath.

Insulation

Loose Fill- Sprayed into place by a tube most often goes into attics because of the fire-retardant it contains and the ability to leave few voids and no gaps in between pieces.

Batt/Blanket- This insulation goes in between studs by friction or staples and keeps heat from escaping the house.

Insulation

Rigid Board- Most commonly used when insulation thickness is limited.

Foam- Great for a fire retardant and has an excellent R-value.

Lintel

Lintel- A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.

MortarThis is an extruded mortar joint. It is left untouched by both a tool and trowel. It has been used on a housed and each joint size is different because of the extruding mortar. I would say the mortar used would be Type-S since this wall is located in Auburn and isn’t going to carry much compressive load. 3/8” Width

This Tooled Mortar Joint was given its concave appearance through the use of a u-shaped tool. This mortar is probably type S as well. ¼” width mortar joints on this Auburn area residential home.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

A non-veneered panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure. They are manufactured by using long strand-like wood particles, compressed and glued into three to five layers.

Plumbing

Lavatory – ½ “ pipeWater Closet – 3” pipe

Plumbing Roof Vent – this VTR is used to get fresh air into the plumbing system and get rid of the harmful gases.

Kitchen Sink – drop in

Manufactured Shower Set in Frame

Plywood

A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer. It is manufactured by being bonded together under pressure and stuck together with some type of adhesive.

Veneer- A thin layer, sheet, or facing.

Radiant Barrier

The radiant barrier is placed on the inside of the roof and it reflects infrared rays from the heat of the sun.

Rebar

The rebar that I found was #4 which is ½” rebar. The deformations on the surface of rebar help it to bond tightly to concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter: A channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof and then drains the water into the downspout.

Splash Block: A small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

Downspout- vertical pipe for water flow from roof to lower level and then to transfer it outside to the splash block.

Steep Roof Materials

Shingle- A small unit of water resistant material nailed or installed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

Typically metal panel roofs are galvanized which means they will not rust in water is applied.

Metal Shingle Roof – Coffee Talk corner of samford and college

Metal Panel RoofClay Tile Roof

Underlayment – layer of waterproofing material and it is helping keep water from penetrating the house.

Steep Roof ShapesGable Roof

Gambrel Roof

Hip Roof

Mansard Roof

Steep Roof TermsThe ridge is the level intersection of two planes in a gable roof.

The eave is the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

The rake is the sloping edge of a steep roof.

The valley is a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

Steep Roof Terms

The soffit is the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building.

The fascia is the exposed vertical edge of an eave.

There is no fascia on this roof because there is no vertical edge at the bottom edge of the eave.

Stone

Random Rubble

Coursed Rubble

Random Ashlar

Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

Vapor retarder’s purpose is to diminish the flow of air and vapor through the building assembly, preventing the moisture from reaching the point in the assembly where it would condense. It is installed on the warmer side of the insulation layer.

Waterproofing

What this waterproofing is providing is a coating on the outside of the house that repels and keeps water out of the house. As you can see the waterproofing type that was used on this house was loosely laid.

Weep Hole

Weep Hole- A small opening in between joints of brick whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building or cavity wall.

Welded Wire Fabric (WWF)

This WWF was laid in a grid that was 60’ x 100’.

WindowsSingle Hung – has this name because the lower of the windows can slide vertically in tracks, and the upper which is fixed.

Casement – has it name because it is a projecting window that opens almost like a case.

Fixed – has this name because it does not open it is fixed in the closed position permanently.