BEN CANTRELLBCSI 2300

Visual Dictionary

Air BarrierA polyolefin sheet material marketed as “home” or “housewrap”. This material is applied to the outside of the wall sheathing to act as an air and weather barrier. It does not allow the passage of air or liquid but permits the passage of water vapor.

Attic Ventilation

1. 1. Gable Vent—needed to exhaust excess heat and humidity from the attic.

2. 2. Ridge Vent—needed to allow air to circulate in and out of a gabled roof at the ridge helping to prevent the likelihood of condensation within the roof.

3. 3.Soffit Vent—allows air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing but keeps out insects.

4. 4. Roof Turbine—acts as a fan to pull heat out of the attic.

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Backhoe

A backhoe is a piece of heavy machinery that has a primary purpose of moving earth with its boomed arm and bucket.

Bucket Width= 2 ½ feet

Batter Boards

-A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be build in the excavation. They establish the position, shape, and size of the building on the site.

Elliptical Arch #1 Tudor Arch #2

Brick Arches

Arch with Keystone

Centering–a temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch during construction until it is able to stand by itself

Keystone

Stacked Bond—this way of laying brick is not the best for supporting large loads

Running Bond– this way of laying brick is the most common among homes.

Brick Bonds

Brick Courses

1. Stretcher Course

2.Rowlock Course

3. Soldier Course

4. Header Course

5. Sailor Course

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Brick size: L= 9 in. W= 4in. H= 2 in.

Brick size: L= 7 ⅝ in. H= 2 ¼ in.

W= 3 ⅝ in.

Brick Sizes

Bulldozer

-a large, powerful tractor having a vertical blade at the front end for moving earth, tree stumps, rocks, and any other earthy material

-Blade width= 7 feet

Brick Clad StructureStone Clad StructureRandom Rubble Pattern

Cladding

EFIS Clad Structure Wood Board Clad Structure

Cedar Shake Clad Structure

Wood Shingle—thin, tapered slabs of wood sawn from short pieces of tree trunk.

Wood Shake– are slabs of wood that have been split from the wood rather than sawn; thicker with more irregular face textures.

Code Requirements

Height= 31 ½ in.Width= 32 in.Area= 6 feet 7 in.Sill Height= 18 ½ in.

IBC Requirements: Maximum sill height above the floor of 44 in. Minimum net opening of 5.7 sq feet. Net width of opening is not less than 20 in. and net height not less than 24 in.

This window meets the code requirement because the net opening is greater than 5.7 sq feet.

Stair

IBC Code Requirements–Tread: Min. 10in.

Riser: Max. 7 ¾ in.

Measured Stair– Tread: 10 in. Riser: 7 in.

This stair meets the code requirements because the

tread and riser dimensions fall within the allowed range of

width and height.

Concrete Joints

Control Joint– an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure

Isolations Joint

Isolation Joint– a concrete joint that isolates the slab from a wall, column, or drainpipe. They relieve flexural stresses.

This isolation joint is isolating a steel column

from the slab.

CMU—Concrete Masonry Unit

CMU– a block of hardened concrete with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block.

1 CMU=3 Brick Courses

-serve primarily for foundations, retaining walls and fireplaces-a single standard CMU (8×8×16) occupies the same volume as 12 modular brick-other common sizes are (4×8×16), (6×8×16), and (10×8×16).

CMU blocks of different sizes.

Split Block Ribbed Block

Decorative CMU

Doors

Top Rail

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Stile

Exterior Flush Door

Sidelight– a tall, narrow window along-side a door

Transom– a small window directly above a door

Electrical Components

Underground transformer box– steps down the high voltage from under-ground lines supplied by utility companies to provide the 110/220 volt power used in a house.

Service Head– the assembly by which electricity is conducted from outdoor lines to the meter base

Meter– held by the meter base, measures the power usage of the residence

Service Panel—the assembly by which electricity is conducted from outdoor lines to the meter base inside of a building.

Duplex receptacle—a place where an appliance can be connected to an electric circuit.

Framing Elements

Sill Plate

Floor Joist

Sole Plate

Subflooring

Stud

Top Plate

Ceiling Joist

Unfinished Stringer

Rafter

Roofing Deck

Sheathing

Front End Loader

Front End Loader– a loader having a shovel or bucket at the end of an articulated arm located at the front of a piece of machinery that is used to load dirt and other materials into equipment such as a dump truck.

This equipment differs from other because it is able to haul and load larger amounts of materials than other machinery.

Gypsum Board

An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall or plasterboard

Heat Pumps

Advantages– ability to both heat and cool a building rapidly

Disadvantages– it is difficult to zone because the furnace supplies air to the air ducts at a single temperature

HVAC

Compressor

The compressor/condensers are heat exchangers that compress the refrigerate into a hot gas and then condenses them to a liquid

Air Handling UnitIts purpose is the

heating and/or cooling mechanism of the heat pump system. It conditions and circulates the warm or cool air to different parts of the building.

Insulation

The purpose of insulation is to keep a building cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter by limiting the heat transfer through the walls and ceiling. Insulation keeps occupants comfortable and lowers heating and cooling costs.

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1. Batt/Blanket Insulation2. Loose fill Insulation3. Foamed Insulation

Lintel

-A beam that carries the

load of a wall across a

window or door opening.

Concrete Lintel

Type N mortarJoint 1– Tooled concave joint. ⅜th in. joint used for a brick clad structure.

Mortar

Joint 2– Troweled flush joint ⅜th in. thick used on a brick clad structure.

Mortar Type N

OSB—Oriented Strand Board

A non-veneered building panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.

Water closets use a 3 in. drain pipe.

Lavatory uses 1 ½ in. pipe for drainage.

Plumbing

VTR– Plumbing Roof Vent This pipe allows gas that builds up in pipes to be safely released from a drainage system and allows air flow into the system.

This kitchen sink is an under mount sink in a granite countertop.

Plywood--A structural wood panel product composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.

1. Log storage

2. Debarking and bucking (cutting limbs off)

3. Heating the logs to improve cutting action of the veneer lathe.

4. Peeling the logs into veneers.

5. Drying veneers.

6. Gluing veneers together

7. Pressing veneers in a hot press to consolidate the panels for handling and to cure the glue.

8.Cutting, trimming, and sanding. Then shipping.

Veneer– a thin layer, sheet, or facing

Radiant Barrier

A reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy.

Rebar-size #4= ½ in. diameter

The deformations rolled into the surface of rebar help it bond tightly to the concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter– metal piping cut in half that collect rain runoff on the edges of steep roof systems.

Downspout– metal piping connected to the gutters that direct the water to a desired area.

Splash block– a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom on a downspout

Underlayment

A material, usually felt, that is nailed to the roof. Shingles are then nailed on top of the underlayment. This material prevents water from seeping into the attic space.

Shingle– a thin piece of wood, slate, metal, or asphalt, usually oblong, laid in overlapping rows to cover the roofs and walls of buildings.

Typical metal roof materials are aluminized or galvanized steel.Cedar Shake roof.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof

Mansard Roof

Hip Roof

Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge– the level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof.

Valley– a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

Eave– the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

Rake– the sloping edge of a steep roof.

Soffit– the underside of an architectural feature like a roof system

Facia—the exposed vertical face of an eave.

A structure without a facia is a building without a structural piece that comes down in a vertical manner that adds aesthetics to the building.

Random Rubble Pattern Coursed Rubble Pattern

Stone

Random Ashlar Pattern Coursed Ashlar Pattern

Vapor Retarder

--a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly and/or insulation.

It is placed on the warm in winter side.

This liquid applied waterproofing is applied on top of concrete before brick is laid to prevent any moisture from seeping through.

Waterproofing

Weep Hole

A weep hole is a gap or tube that is placed in the joints between bricks that allow any water that has seeped through to be drained properly.

Welded Wire Fabric

Casement Window

This window is a casement window because it is located in a breakfast room and can be opened to a large area to let fresh air into the living space.

Windows

Single Hung Window

This window is located in a study and can be used as an egress window.

Sliding Window

This window is located just above a kitchen counter top and connects the kitchen from a pool patio. With its ease of opening, food and drinks can be passed from indoor to out.