Visual Dictionary

Materials, Methods, and Equipment 1

Air Barrier Paper:a sheet material used as both a vapor retarder and an air

barrier

Attic Ventilation:

Soffit Vent:

Attic Ventilation:Ridge Vent:

Attic Ventilation:Gable Vent:

Attic Ventilation:Roof Turbine:

Backhoe:is a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a

digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm

Batter Boards:a temporary frame built just outside the corner of an

excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of

the basement that will be built in the excavation

Brick Arches: A wedge-shaped brick used in arches

Brick Arch # 1:

Roman Arch

Brick Arches:

Brick Arch # 2:

Elliptical Arch

Brick Arches:

Brick Arch with Keystone:

Jack Arch with Keystone

Brick Arches:

Centering: temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault

Brick Bonds:an arrangement of built-up brick or other units laid so that their

overlapping thoroughly ties the units together, which enables the

whole to act as a unit in resisting stresses Brick Bond # 1: Common

Every 6th Course is a Header line

Brick Bonds:

Brick bond # 2: Stacked

Bricks are stacked on top of one another

Brick Bonds:

Rowlocks:

Brick Bonds:

Headers:

Brick Bonds:

Soldiers:

Brick Bonds:

Sailor:

Brick Bonds:

Stretcher Rowlock (Shiners):

Brick Sizes:Length, Width, and Height of a Brick

Brick Size # 1:

Modular

3 5/8” wide X 2 ¼” tall X 7 5/8” long

Brick Sizes:

Brick Size # 2:

Roman

3 ½” wide X 1 5/8” tall X 11” long

Bulldozer:A heavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading

land, usually having continuous treads and a broad

hydraulic blade in front

Cladding:Exterior façade of a building that carries no

loads from the building itself

Brick Clad Structure:

Cladding:

EIFS Clad Structure:

Cladding:Stone Clad Structure:

Cladding:Wood Board Clad Structure:

Cladding:Wood Shingle/ Shake Clad Structure: strong

planked wood used for siding

Code Requirements:Egress of Bedroom Window:Window meets egress requirements for a second floor window

Width: 3 ½’, Height: 2 ½’, Area: 8 ¾ sq ft, Sill Height 24” AFF

Code Requirements:

Stairs: This stair meets IBC code requirements

Tread: 10”

Riser: 7 3/4”

Concrete Joints:an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or

component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to

minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure Control Joint:

Concrete Joints:Isolation Joint: Isolates wall from structural

steel column.used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement

of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin fixed foundation elements such as columns, building or machinery foundations, etc.

Concrete Masonry Unit:a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores,

designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone

1 CMU= 3 Brick Courses

CMU: usually 8”X8”X16”

CMU is an important structural element or it can be an interior façade over structural steel.

Concrete Masonry Units:

Different Sizes of CMU:

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units:

Split Block:

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units:

Ribbed Block:

Doors:Exterior Flush Door:

Doors:Exterior Panel Door:

Stile

Top Rail

Bottom Rail

Lock Rail

Doors:

Transom: a small window directly above a door

Doors:Sidelight: a tall, narrow window alongside a

door

Electrical Components:Underground Transformer: an electrical device

that changes the voltage of alternating current

Electrical Components:Service Head: entrance spot for the three

wires that come from the transformer to the house and pass through to the meter

Electrical Components:Meter: measures power usage of a house

Electrical Components:Service Panel: Also known as a breaker

panel, contains a main disconnect switch and circuit breakers that act as fuses for each electrical circuit

Electrical Components:Duplex Receptacle: a receptacle with more

than one outlet, a place where an appliance can be connected to an electrical circuit

Framing Elements:

# 1 Anchor Bolt:

Framing Elements:

# 2 Sill Plate:

Framing Elements:# 3 Floor Joists:

Framing Elements:# 4 Sub flooring:

Framing Elements:

# 5 Sole Plate:

Framing Elements:

# 6 Stud: Light gauge steel framing stud

Framing Elements:

# 7 Top Plate:

Faming Elements:

# 8 Ceiling Joist:

Framing Elements:

# 9 Rafter:

Framing Elements:

# 10 Roof Decking:

Framing Elements:

# 11 Sheathing:

Framing Elements:

# 12 Stringer:

Front End Loader:

An earthmoving machine with a hydraulic scoop in front for lifting and loading earthwork and rubble.

A backhoe is an excavator whose bucket is rigidly attached to a hinged pole on the boom and is drawn backward to the machine when in operation.

A bulldozer is a heavy, driver operated machine for clearing and grading land, usually having continuous treads and a broad hydraulic blade in front.

Gypsum Board:an interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core

sandwiched between paper faces

Heat Pump: a device that utilizes a refrigeration cycle either to heat or cool a

building by passing air or water over either the condensing coils or the evaporating coils

repeatedly

Advantage: Heat pumps are more energy efficient.

Disadvantage: Higher first cost than hot water heater.

Heat Pumps:Compressor/ Condenser: a device that

removes vapors like oil or water from the air stream in a compressed air line

Heat Pumps:Air Handling Unit: provides treatment for air

before it is distributed

Insulation: material used in the building assembly to reduce heat flow through the

assemblyBlanket/ Batt Insulation: used to reduce heat flow in

walls

Insulation:

Loose Fill Insulation: used to reduce heat flow in attic spaces.

Insulation:

Foamed Insulation: used to reduce heat flow in wall cavities or window cavities

Insulation:Rigid board Insulation: used to reduce heat

flow in any part of the building assembly

Lintel:a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or

door opening Concrete Lintel

Mortar:Mortar Joint # 1:

Tooled= Raked

5/8” thick

Used on a house: N mortar used

Mortar:Mortar Joint # 2:

Tooled= Concave

5/8” thick

Used on public building: N mortar used

Oriented Strand Board:a nonveneered panel product composed of long shreds of

wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded

together under pressure

Plumbing:

Lavatory:

1 ½” pipe

Plumbing:

Water Closet:

3” Drainage Pipe

Plumbing:

Manufactured Shower/ Tub:

Plumbing:Plumbing Roof Vent: maintains a system of

plumbing drains and waste lines at atmospheric pressure by connecting them to outdoor air.

Plumbing:Kitchen/ Bathroom Sink:

Integral Sink

Plywood:a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of

wood veneer bonded together under pressure Veneer: a thin layer, sheet, or facing

Radiant Barrier:a reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a

deterrent to the passage of infrared energy

Rebar:

Rebar in elevator shaft

#4 rebar

½” diameter

Deformations/ surface ribs are better for bonding with concrete

Steep Roof Drainage:Gutter: a channel that collects rainwater and

snowmelt at the eave of a roof

Steep Roof Drainage:Downspout: a vertical pipe for conducting

water from a roof to a lower level

Steep Roof Drainage:Splash back: a small pre-cast block of

concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout

Steep Roof Materials:

Under-layment: a panel laid over a sub-floor or rafters/trusses to create a smooth, stiff surface for the application of finished flooring or roofing.

Steep Roof Materials:

Clay Tile Roof:

Steep Roof Materials:

Shingle: a thin, oblong piece of material, such as wood or slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof or sides of a house.

Steep Roof Materials:Metal Panel Roof: generally galvanized or

aluminized steel

Steep Roof Shapes:Gable Roof:

Steep Roof Shapes:

Gambrel Roof:

Steep Roof Shapes:

Hip Roof:

Steep Roof Shapes:

Mansard Roof:

Steep Roof Terms:

Ridge: the level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof

Steep Roof Terms:

Valley: a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes

Steep Roof Terms:

Eave: the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof

Steep Roof Terms:

Rake: the sloping edge of a steep edge

Steep Roof Terms:Soffit: the undersurface of a horizontal

element of a building

Steep Roof Terms:

Fascia: the exposed vertical face of an eave

Steep Roof Terms:

Building w/out Fascia:

Stone:

Random Rubble:

Stone:

Coursed Rubble:

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Stone:

Random Ashlar:

Stone:

Coursed Ashlar:

Vapor Retarder:

Prevents water vapor from penetrating the insulation in the wall of a building

Placed on the inside of the insulation

Waterproofing:Rolled on waterproofing

An impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation concrete masonry units.

It prevents water from entering the building through concrete masonry units.

Weep Hole:a small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or

assembly

Welded Wire Fabric:

The welded wire fabric grid was about 5’ x 6’

Windows:Window # 1:

Casement Window: window has a sash that rotates outward from its frame on the side

Windows:Window # 2:

Sliding Window: essentially a single hung window on its side with the advantage that the track holds the sash in the frame along two sides

Windows:Window # 3:

Single Hung: sash is kept in place by a track on the vertical sides of the window.