virtualization is for real

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Virtualization is for RealServer Virtualization Overview

Anand Sharma(03/11/2009)

[With a Data Center Bias]


Meeting ObjectivesWhat’s Covered And What’s Not

1) Understand the Trends driving Virtualization in a Data Center

2) Define Virtualization and understand the landscape

3) Server Virtualization Basics

4) Benefits of Server Virtualization


Market TransitionsVirtualization 101

Server Virtualization BasicsBenefits of Virtualization


Virtualizing the “Hardware”From Johannes Gutenberg’s Printed Books…

“Gutenberg Bible” (In 1450s) The first book printed on a printing press with movable type

Source: Wikipedia


Virtualizing the “Hardware”To Jeff Bezos’ Books on Amazon Kindle, Kindle on iPhone

Over 240,000 books plus U.S. and international newspapers, magazines,

and blogs available


Virtualizing the “Hardware”Servers are currently indistinguishable from Physical Hardware

Hardware- Compute- Memory- Disk- Network Interface Card

Software- Application- Operating System

One Application+OS Per Hardware

Pedestal/Tower Servers

Rack Optimized Servers

Blade Servers

One App+OS

One App+OS

One App+OSTypical Utilization – 10% to 15%


Energy is EverythingEfficient Energy Consumption is an afterthought

HU

MM

ER


Energy is EverythingTo Efficient Energy Consumption is the primary thought

CH

EV

Y V

OL

T


Fewer power supplies to support a service =

reduced conversion losses

Fewer power supplies to support a service =

reduced conversion losses

Each watt consumed by IT infrastructure carries a “burden factor” of 1.2 to 2.5 for power

consumption associated with cooling, conversion/distribution and lighting

Each watt consumed by IT infrastructure carries a “burden factor” of 1.2 to 2.5 for power

consumption associated with cooling, conversion/distribution and lighting

Sources: US DoE, APC, Cisco IT, Network World

50%

35%

15%

% of WW electricity usagefor Data Centers(estimates vary)

Total electricity consumption

Cost of powering Data Centers

0.8 – 3%

15,746

4,581

Worldwide (2007)

US (2008)Billion kWH

Estimated, US only

$2.9 –10.9B

Energy is EverythingBits-n-Bytes are bumping up against Physical Constraints

Source: US, DoE, Cisco IT, NetworkWorld


Energy is EverythingWhat do you mean you can’t add any more Servers?

Source: Cisco’s Next Big Bet (Forbes Magazine, Issue dated 09/29/2008)

Power, load-bearing, and cooling constraints are limiting the ability to utilize existing data center space

42U (Size) 42 Weight 39.5 Power 11.9 Cooling 2.9


Hardware Resources

Underutilized• CPU utilizations

~ 10% - 25%• One server –

One Application• Multi-core even

more under-utilized

Data Centers are running out of

space• Last 10+ years

of major server sprawl

• Exponential data growth

• Server consolidation projects just a

start

Rising Energy Costs

• As much as 50% of the IT budget

• In the realm of the CFO and Facilities Mgr.

now!

Administration Costs are

Increasing • Number of operators going

up• Number of

Management Applications

going up

Operational Flexibility

Drivers behind Server VirtualizationIn Summary


1:N

N:1

1:1

Virtualization 101What is Virtualization?

“[Virtualization is] a technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in which other systems, applications, or end users interact with those resources. This includes making a single physical resource (such as a server, an operating system, an application, or storage device) appear to function as multiple logical resources; or it can include making multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single logical resource.”

Source: Mann, Andi, “Virtualization 101” Enterprise Management Associates (EMA)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_user

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_device


Applications compete for resources

Changes to one application can impact others

Security and compliance can be complexOr

No Isolation

Device sprawl

Underutilized resources

Complex to upgrade

Complex service chaining

Inefficient Isolation

Application 1

Application 2

Application 3

Device 1

Application 2

Application 3

Device 1

Device 2

Device 3

Application 1

One Physical Device

Many Physical Devices

Virtualization 101Consolidation Or Isolation: Share All or Nothing


Multiple Virtual Devices

Partitioning enables segmentation of traffic and/or resources

Abstraction hides physical resources

Ideally per partition RBAC enables customized, autonomous policies

Ideal Isolation

..

Virtual Device 2

Virtual Device 3

Virtual Device 4

Virtual Device 5

Virtual Device n

Virtual Device 1

Sys Admin

Apps Admin

Network Admin

Security Admin

One Physical Device

Virtualization 101Physical Consolidation and Logical Isolation


Virtualization 101Types of Virtualization in a Data Center

Quick: What comes to your mind first when you think of Virtualization?

POP QUIZ

ANSWER

BETTER ANSWER

* Network Virtualization* Server Virtualization* Storage Virtualization* Application Networking Services Virtualization


A Typical ServerServers are currently indistinguishable from Physical Hardware


Software- Application- Operating System

One Application+OS Per Hardware



Blade Servers

One App+OS

One App+OS

One App+OS


Server VirtualizationEnter Virtual Machines


Software- Application- Operating System- Hypervisor

Many Application+OS Per Hardware



Blade Servers

Many App+OS(Virtual Machines)




Server VirtualizationServer Virtualization Transforms x86 Systems

Single OS image per machine Software and hardware tightly

coupled Running multiple applications on

same machine often creates conflict

5-15% utilization

Break dependencies between OS and hardware

Manage OS and application as single unit by encapsulating them into VMs

Strong fault and security isolation

VMs are hardware-independent: they can be provisioned anywhere

With Hypervisor virtualization:Without virtualization:


Server VirtualizationEvolution

The Evolution of the MVS Operating SystemIBM Journal of Research and Development, Sept 1981

Commodity Hardware became powerful enough to support a Virtual Machine Manager (Hypervisor) – so it’s back to the future with proven technology

VMM/Hpervisor on IBM MainframeMany Apps on very costly hardware

Stanford ResearchDISCO Project

VMM on cheap x86 HWVMware in 1999

Source: The Hardware Revolution in Server Virtualization (ACM Compute 2009 Tutorial)


Server VirtualizationTwo Primary Implementation Types

Native Virtualization(Full Virtualization)

ParaVirtualization

The full virtualization hypervisor presents the actual physicalhardware “P” to each Guest so that operating systems intended for the underlying architecture may run unmodified and unaware that they’re being run virtualized

Example: VMware ESX

ParaVirtualization hypervisors are similar to native/full virtualization but use modified guest operating systems tooptimize virtual executions

Example: Xen

> 90% share of the marketSource: Running Xen


Running multiple operating systems on one physical machine

Allocate system resources between virtual machines

ESX is the special, thin OS that abstracts the HW from the Guest OS/Application

Industry term – “Hypervisor”

Four Key Properties of Virtual MachinePartitioning


Partitioning– Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine

– Divide system resources between virtual machines

Fault and security isolation at the hardware level

One VM does not know of another VM’s presence

Advanced resource controls preserve performance

Failure of one VM does not effect other VMs in same box

Four Key Properties of Virtual MachineIsolation




Isolation– Fault and security isolation at the hardware level

– Advanced resource controls preserve performance

Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to files

Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files

Four Key Properties of Virtual MachineEncapsulation


Encapsulation– Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to files

– Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files

Provision or migrate any virtual machine to any other similar physical server

Multiple OSs – Windows, Linux



Isolation– Fault and security isolation at the hardware level

– Advanced resource controls preserve performance

Four Key Properties of Virtual MachineHardware Abstraction


Allows admins to transparently move running VMs from one physical server to another physical server across the L2 network

Enhances DR and BC strategies Servers suddenly become fluid objects that traverse the network

like an ordinary file. The potential of this capability is enormous

ESX Server

1

ESX Server

2

VMotion

Live Migration of Virtual MachinesVMware VMotion Magic


So why should we care?Key Categories of Benefits from Server Virtualization

#1. Reduced Physical Infrastructure Costs

#2. Reduced Data Center Operating Costs(Management, Power & Cooling)

#3. Operational Benefits(Automated Resource Allocation, High Availability, Disaster Recovery)

Capex Savings

Opex Savings

OperationalEfficiency


Healthcare

Insurance

Transportation

$1,100,000

$1,000,000

$900,000

$800,000

$700,000

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Before Virtualization

After After After

HW & SWOperations

$477,500

$101,263

$690,000

$258,005

$377,000

$73,500

$68,157

$38,966

$432,630

$129,971

$77,726

$9,341

Source: VMware, 2006

Financial BenefitsCapex and Opex Savings

Before Virtualization

Before Virtualization


Standard DC Virtualized DC

Utilized CapacityTotal Capacity

Now Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6

20% Efficiency

Thermal Ceiling

Year 1 Year 2

Thermal Ceiling

Now Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6

60% Efficiency

Source: Cisco Estimates

Financial BenefitsExtend Useful Asset Life and Defer Capex


• Scale without disruption• DR - Business Continuity • Rapid server recovery after outage• Meeting unexpected or cyclical resource demand• Greatly improved time-to-market for application

deployment

Operational EfficiencyDynamic Resource Allocation, Disaster Recovery


Slash Planned Downtime• Perform

maintenance at any time

• VMotion

ReduceUnplanned Downtime• Network and

Storage multi-pathing

• Flexible Data Protection

• DR• HA

Recover Rapidly• Automated

restart of VMs• Improve

Business Continuity

Operational EfficiencyHigh Availability


Final Thoughts


Key Takeaways

1) Virtualization is not a new technology. And neither is VMWare

2) Virtualization as a concept applies to more than just Servers. That said, Server Virtualization has really laid the foundation for a market transition - Unified Computing!

3) Terms like Virtual Machine, Hypervisor, Guest OS and VMWare VMotion, VMWare ESX should more than ring a bell now

4) When you think Server, think Virtual Machines – Fluid Objects that can traverse the network

virtualization is for real

Technology

cisco systems

cisco confidential

physical device

application device application

devicevirtual device

multiple physical resources

physical constraints

physical consolidation