virtual reality - lecture7-web3d

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  • 8/10/2019 Virtual Reality - Lecture7-Web3d

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    Web3D

    Web

    SGN-5406 Virtual RealityAutumn [email protected]

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    Web3D

    What is Web3D?

    3D extension for the Internet HTML: 2D documents

    SVG: 2D vector graphics in XML

    Web3D: 3D environments

    Everymans VR Not usually immersive VR

    Not usually stereoscopic or volumetric displays

    Not usually 3D tracking

    Could include these now and in the future

    More compact than a video clip

    Relatively small files

    View of angle, resolution is not limited

    Also used off-line, stand-alone

    In the future: 3DTV, stereo videos by 3D graphics, deliveredover the internet?

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    Web3D

    Web3D Applications

    Architecture, guidance Tampere 3D City Info in 1999 Google Earth, Street View etc.

    Art, history Entertainment, games Science, visualization

    Google Earth (Mars, Moon, Sky),

    MS Virtual Earth 3D Ski destination 3D maps: ski.com

    Communication, collaboration, multiuser Product promotion, instructions

    Toyota: spare parts

    Training, teaching, support Visualization of real-time stock exchange A gallery of web3D applications

    www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona/best

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    Web3D

    3D Graphics over the Internet

    VRML

    X3D

    MPEG-4

    Java 3D

    Other formats

    Popular 3D application:Google Earth

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    Web3D

    History of VRML

    SciFi vision (Gibson): Cyberspace WWW1-conference 1994 (Berners-Lee, Raggett) VRML 1.0 May 1995

    Virtual Reality Modeling Language Geometry description based on SGI Open Inventor Object-, textbased. Polygons, materials, lightning Neutron bomb worlds, limited, fast

    VRML 2.0 August 1996 = VRML97 ISO standard The structure changed from 1.0 due to eff iciency Widely used as file format for interchange of 3D models Movement, interaction, programmability

    Sensors, routes, protos, scripts, interpolators, sounds, collision,BackGround, ElevationGrid, etc.

    Web3D Consortium, http://www.web3d.org/ Web3D annual symposia

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    Web3D

    X3D

    eXtendible 3D, the new version of VRML Uses XML: HTML-looking

    VRML 97: DEF MyView viewpoint { position 0 0 10 } XML:

    Open Standard in 2002 Adoption by MPEG-4 group Cooperation with W3C, Open Source, Java3D, Khronos

    Compatible with XML and VRML X3D Binary: fast, compressed X3D files

    Approved by ISO/IEC in 2007

    Conformance suite X3D is not competing with specialty formats, but instead

    provides common interoperability / interchange Supports 2D, 3D, CAD, animation, spatialized audio and video,

    user interaction, navigation, user-defined data types, scripting,networking, physical simulation

    www.jntuworld.com

    www.jntuworld.com

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    Web3D

    X3D

    Plays well with next-generation Web languages Many utilities available Uses profiles

    Small, lightweight Core 23 of the 54 VRML nodes

    Full, immersive, interactive Interchange, MPEG-4

    interactive Others possible

    Scene Access Interface A strongly typed API Allows a programmer to

    change or build X3D worlds

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    Web3D

    X3D/VRML Browsers

    Web3d.org: 20 browsers and 18 authoring/editing tools Also open source Also models, utilities, converters, tutorials etc.

    Turbulent situation X3D browsers are replacing VRML browsers

    Not a plug-in, but a small Java-client Blaxxun3D Xj3D BS Contact SwirlX3D Planet 9 Raygun OpenWorlds Octaga

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    Web3D

    VRML 2.0 Example

    #VRML V2.0 utf8

    Transform {

    children [

    Shape {

    geometry Sphere {}

    appearance Appearance {

    material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 }

    }

    }

    ]

    }

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    Web3D

    Interpolators change properties over time Changes of direction, trajectories, colors, forms

    Predefined viewpoints Makes viewing easier

    AudioClip Wave, MIDI

    Sound Ambient

    Changes linearly (0,1)

    Attenuates fully after a given distance

    Interpolators, Viewpoints and Sounds

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    1

    0

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    Web3D

    Alarm Clock

    The example plays Westminster Chimes once an hour:

    #VRML V2.0 utf8

    Group { children [

    DEF Hour TimeSensor {

    loop TRUE

    cycleInterval 3600.0 # 60*60 seconds == 1 hour

    }

    Sound {

    source DEF Sounder AudioClip {

    url "http://...../westminster.mid" }

    }

    }

    ]}

    ROUTE Hour.cycleTime TO Sounder.startTime

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    Web3D

    Interaction Within a World

    Sensors are sensoring the world A notification of an event (distance, time, visibility)

    ROUTE is for connecting an event from a node to another node

    Describe behavior without programmingROUTE Node.eventOutName_changed TO Node.set_eventInName

    DEF CLICKER TouchSensor { enabled TRUE }

    DEF LIGHT DirectionalLight { on FALSE }ROUTE CLICKER.enabled_changed TO LIGHT.set_on

    Script-node extends possibilities

    The program code executes the scripted or programmed actions

    ECMAScript, Java, JavaScript, ...

    Multi-user, LSVE, physical movements, simulations

    Another API: EAI with external mechanisms, not a script!

    Node A

    Node B

    ROUTE

    www.jntuworld.com

    www.jntuworld.com

    http://www.excitextreme.com/fashion/
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    Web3D

    Creating an Effective VRML World

    Modeling with CAD, export to X3D Manual elaboration & optimization? Actions, behaviour by programming

    VRML, X3D editors E.g., X3D-Edit 3.2 Authoring Tool, Blender export

    Polygon count? 3D rendering, downloading New PCs can run any 3D world, but installed PC base is diverse! Mobile devices have weaker resources

    Multiuser Web3D: several users across the network See each other as avatars Shared experiences, chat AlphaWorld, WorldsChat, BS Contact

    Non-X3D multiuser Game consoles, Second life, OLIVE, World of Warcraft, Google

    Lively, Project Wonderland, Sony PS3 Home, Active worlds, muse,worlds.com, VR software

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    Web3D

    MPEG - Moving Pictures Experts Group

    MPEG-1: Digital audio/video MPEG-2: Digital TV signal compression

    MPEG-4: Multimedia streaming content

    MPEG-7: Digital information searching

    MPEG-21: Multimedia Framework

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    Web3D

    MPEG-4

    A wide standard

    http://www.m4if.org/mpeg4/

    Open, but not public

    Designed e.g., for

    Digital television

    Interactive graphics (synthetic objects)

    Interactive multimedia (www etc.)

    Consists of several parts

    Systems, Visual, Audio, Conformance test,Reference software, DMIF, delivery

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    Web3D

    MPEG-4

    1.0 Standardizes

    Media objects

    Integration of objects

    Synchronization and multiplexing

    Interaction

    Version 2.0 in 1999

    Versions do not replace, but extend

    Profiles

    audio, visual, graphics, scene graph

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    Web3D

    Primitive Media Objects

    Natural visual

    Images, sprites, graphics, video

    Audio

    Natural or structured audio

    Text-to-Speech, talking heads

    Synthetic visual

    2D/3D, CG objects, VRML scenes, text

    Faces, avatars Compound objects

    Groups primitives together (sub-trees)

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    Web3D

    MPEG-4 Systems Scene Graph

    Scene graph

    www.jntuworld.com

    www.jntuworld.com

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    Web3D

    Other Web3D Technologies

    Turbulent market: products come and go E.g., in USA, nearly 10m children and teenagers visit virtual

    worlds regularly. 112 virtual worlds designed for under-18s Club Penguin (Disney bought f or $700m), Habbo Hotel, Gaia Online

    Full-time Gaia economist grapples with problems such as inflation and anunequal distribution of wealth

    Dozens of standards, proprietary technologies COLLADA (e.g., Google Earth uses for objects)

    Lifemode interactive: talking heads, lifemi.com

    Googles O3D, 3DML, U3D, etc.

    Viewpoint VET (geometry streaming), OLIVE, Anark 3D,Caligari, Adobe Acrobat 3D, Superscape (mobile)

    Second Life, popularity in decline

    CAD, 3D & VR software may support internet collaboration

    100s of 3D engines, live console games, etc.

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    Web3D

    Networking Issues for 3D Worlds

    Original VRML browsers first loaded everything,then rendered Long waiting before anything was seen

    Web3D needs improved downloading andrendering Something immediately, refined over time Geometry simplification Geometry smoothing Geometry streaming Level-of-detail (LOD) Area-of-interest Binary compression Etc.

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    Web3D

    The History of Photography

    What are these? Academy, As de Carreaux, Brownie, Buckeye, Comfort,

    Compact, Cosmo-politan, Delta, Eclipse, Filmax, Frena,Harvard, Kamaret, Kodak, Kombi, Lilliput, Luzo, Nodark,Omnigraphe, Photoret, Photake, Poco, Simplex, Takiv,Velographe, Verascope, Vive, Weno, Wizard, Wonder

    Why Kodak won? No standards

    Equal technologies

    Easy (lab. included)

    Good marketing

    You press the button, we do the rest

    c.f., Web3D

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    Web3D

    The Future of Web3D

    Windows Vista Aero: 3D becoming ubiquitous Game consoles! XBOX Live, future possibilities 3D for mobile phones emerging Virtual / augmented reality over the networks? Which 3D technology will win, or will there be several

    complementary ones? Markets, IPR, marketing, needs, timing Java X3D MPEG-4 Java 3D? Proprietary technologies

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    Web3D

    Web3D Sources

    web3d.org/

    IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications

    Web3D, SIGGRAPH, other conferences, publications

    Books on web3D, 3D video etc:

    Schreer Kauff Sikora: 3D Videocommunication

    Ozaktas - Onural: Three-Dimensional Television, 2007

    Javidi, Okano (Eds.): 3D TV, Video and Display Tech.

    Brutzman, Daly, X3D: Extensible 3D Graphics for Web Authors, 2007

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    Web3D

    Web3D Books

    Walsh - Bourges-Svenier: CoreWeb3D

    Polevoi: Interactive Web Graphicswith Shout3D

    Barrilleaux: 3D User InterfacesWith Java 3D

    Hartman - Wernecke:

    VRML 2.0 Handbook

    Roehl et al.:

    Late Night VRML 2.0 with J ava

    Carey - Bell:The Annotated VRML 97 Reference

    http://www.best.com/~rikk/Book/

    www.jntuworld.com

    www.jntuworld.com

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    Just for fun: Handimals 3D art

    http://www.guidodaniele.com

    Just for fun: Illusory paintings

    http://users.skynet.be/J.Beever http://www.illusion-art.com

    Just for fun: Illusory Paintings

    http://www.rhino-award.com

    Fun: Obscured and Field Paintings

    http://www.devorahsperber.com

    http://www.am.askanet.ne.jp/~tugaru/z-inakadate.htm

    http://www.stanherdart.com/

    www.jntuworld.com

    www.jntuworld.com