virtual reality - lecture7-web3d
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Web3D
Web
SGN-5406 Virtual RealityAutumn [email protected]
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Web3D
What is Web3D?
3D extension for the Internet HTML: 2D documents
SVG: 2D vector graphics in XML
Web3D: 3D environments
Everymans VR Not usually immersive VR
Not usually stereoscopic or volumetric displays
Not usually 3D tracking
Could include these now and in the future
More compact than a video clip
Relatively small files
View of angle, resolution is not limited
Also used off-line, stand-alone
In the future: 3DTV, stereo videos by 3D graphics, deliveredover the internet?
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Web3D
Web3D Applications
Architecture, guidance Tampere 3D City Info in 1999 Google Earth, Street View etc.
Art, history Entertainment, games Science, visualization
Google Earth (Mars, Moon, Sky),
MS Virtual Earth 3D Ski destination 3D maps: ski.com
Communication, collaboration, multiuser Product promotion, instructions
Toyota: spare parts
Training, teaching, support Visualization of real-time stock exchange A gallery of web3D applications
www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona/best
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Web3D
3D Graphics over the Internet
VRML
X3D
MPEG-4
Java 3D
Other formats
Popular 3D application:Google Earth
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Web3D
History of VRML
SciFi vision (Gibson): Cyberspace WWW1-conference 1994 (Berners-Lee, Raggett) VRML 1.0 May 1995
Virtual Reality Modeling Language Geometry description based on SGI Open Inventor Object-, textbased. Polygons, materials, lightning Neutron bomb worlds, limited, fast
VRML 2.0 August 1996 = VRML97 ISO standard The structure changed from 1.0 due to eff iciency Widely used as file format for interchange of 3D models Movement, interaction, programmability
Sensors, routes, protos, scripts, interpolators, sounds, collision,BackGround, ElevationGrid, etc.
Web3D Consortium, http://www.web3d.org/ Web3D annual symposia
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Web3D
X3D
eXtendible 3D, the new version of VRML Uses XML: HTML-looking
VRML 97: DEF MyView viewpoint { position 0 0 10 } XML:
Open Standard in 2002 Adoption by MPEG-4 group Cooperation with W3C, Open Source, Java3D, Khronos
Compatible with XML and VRML X3D Binary: fast, compressed X3D files
Approved by ISO/IEC in 2007
Conformance suite X3D is not competing with specialty formats, but instead
provides common interoperability / interchange Supports 2D, 3D, CAD, animation, spatialized audio and video,
user interaction, navigation, user-defined data types, scripting,networking, physical simulation
www.jntuworld.com
www.jntuworld.com
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Web3D
X3D
Plays well with next-generation Web languages Many utilities available Uses profiles
Small, lightweight Core 23 of the 54 VRML nodes
Full, immersive, interactive Interchange, MPEG-4
interactive Others possible
Scene Access Interface A strongly typed API Allows a programmer to
change or build X3D worlds
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Web3D
X3D/VRML Browsers
Web3d.org: 20 browsers and 18 authoring/editing tools Also open source Also models, utilities, converters, tutorials etc.
Turbulent situation X3D browsers are replacing VRML browsers
Not a plug-in, but a small Java-client Blaxxun3D Xj3D BS Contact SwirlX3D Planet 9 Raygun OpenWorlds Octaga
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Web3D
VRML 2.0 Example
#VRML V2.0 utf8
Transform {
children [
Shape {
geometry Sphere {}
appearance Appearance {
material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 }
}
}
]
}
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Web3D
Interpolators change properties over time Changes of direction, trajectories, colors, forms
Predefined viewpoints Makes viewing easier
AudioClip Wave, MIDI
Sound Ambient
Changes linearly (0,1)
Attenuates fully after a given distance
Interpolators, Viewpoints and Sounds
0 1
1
0
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Web3D
Alarm Clock
The example plays Westminster Chimes once an hour:
#VRML V2.0 utf8
Group { children [
DEF Hour TimeSensor {
loop TRUE
cycleInterval 3600.0 # 60*60 seconds == 1 hour
}
Sound {
source DEF Sounder AudioClip {
url "http://...../westminster.mid" }
}
}
]}
ROUTE Hour.cycleTime TO Sounder.startTime
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Web3D
Interaction Within a World
Sensors are sensoring the world A notification of an event (distance, time, visibility)
ROUTE is for connecting an event from a node to another node
Describe behavior without programmingROUTE Node.eventOutName_changed TO Node.set_eventInName
DEF CLICKER TouchSensor { enabled TRUE }
DEF LIGHT DirectionalLight { on FALSE }ROUTE CLICKER.enabled_changed TO LIGHT.set_on
Script-node extends possibilities
The program code executes the scripted or programmed actions
ECMAScript, Java, JavaScript, ...
Multi-user, LSVE, physical movements, simulations
Another API: EAI with external mechanisms, not a script!
Node A
Node B
ROUTE
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Web3D
Creating an Effective VRML World
Modeling with CAD, export to X3D Manual elaboration & optimization? Actions, behaviour by programming
VRML, X3D editors E.g., X3D-Edit 3.2 Authoring Tool, Blender export
Polygon count? 3D rendering, downloading New PCs can run any 3D world, but installed PC base is diverse! Mobile devices have weaker resources
Multiuser Web3D: several users across the network See each other as avatars Shared experiences, chat AlphaWorld, WorldsChat, BS Contact
Non-X3D multiuser Game consoles, Second life, OLIVE, World of Warcraft, Google
Lively, Project Wonderland, Sony PS3 Home, Active worlds, muse,worlds.com, VR software
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Web3D
MPEG - Moving Pictures Experts Group
MPEG-1: Digital audio/video MPEG-2: Digital TV signal compression
MPEG-4: Multimedia streaming content
MPEG-7: Digital information searching
MPEG-21: Multimedia Framework
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MPEG-4
A wide standard
http://www.m4if.org/mpeg4/
Open, but not public
Designed e.g., for
Digital television
Interactive graphics (synthetic objects)
Interactive multimedia (www etc.)
Consists of several parts
Systems, Visual, Audio, Conformance test,Reference software, DMIF, delivery
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Web3D
MPEG-4
1.0 Standardizes
Media objects
Integration of objects
Synchronization and multiplexing
Interaction
Version 2.0 in 1999
Versions do not replace, but extend
Profiles
audio, visual, graphics, scene graph
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Web3D
Primitive Media Objects
Natural visual
Images, sprites, graphics, video
Audio
Natural or structured audio
Text-to-Speech, talking heads
Synthetic visual
2D/3D, CG objects, VRML scenes, text
Faces, avatars Compound objects
Groups primitives together (sub-trees)
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Web3D
MPEG-4 Systems Scene Graph
Scene graph
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Other Web3D Technologies
Turbulent market: products come and go E.g., in USA, nearly 10m children and teenagers visit virtual
worlds regularly. 112 virtual worlds designed for under-18s Club Penguin (Disney bought f or $700m), Habbo Hotel, Gaia Online
Full-time Gaia economist grapples with problems such as inflation and anunequal distribution of wealth
Dozens of standards, proprietary technologies COLLADA (e.g., Google Earth uses for objects)
Lifemode interactive: talking heads, lifemi.com
Googles O3D, 3DML, U3D, etc.
Viewpoint VET (geometry streaming), OLIVE, Anark 3D,Caligari, Adobe Acrobat 3D, Superscape (mobile)
Second Life, popularity in decline
CAD, 3D & VR software may support internet collaboration
100s of 3D engines, live console games, etc.
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Networking Issues for 3D Worlds
Original VRML browsers first loaded everything,then rendered Long waiting before anything was seen
Web3D needs improved downloading andrendering Something immediately, refined over time Geometry simplification Geometry smoothing Geometry streaming Level-of-detail (LOD) Area-of-interest Binary compression Etc.
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The History of Photography
What are these? Academy, As de Carreaux, Brownie, Buckeye, Comfort,
Compact, Cosmo-politan, Delta, Eclipse, Filmax, Frena,Harvard, Kamaret, Kodak, Kombi, Lilliput, Luzo, Nodark,Omnigraphe, Photoret, Photake, Poco, Simplex, Takiv,Velographe, Verascope, Vive, Weno, Wizard, Wonder
Why Kodak won? No standards
Equal technologies
Easy (lab. included)
Good marketing
You press the button, we do the rest
c.f., Web3D
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Web3D
The Future of Web3D
Windows Vista Aero: 3D becoming ubiquitous Game consoles! XBOX Live, future possibilities 3D for mobile phones emerging Virtual / augmented reality over the networks? Which 3D technology will win, or will there be several
complementary ones? Markets, IPR, marketing, needs, timing Java X3D MPEG-4 Java 3D? Proprietary technologies
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Web3D Sources
web3d.org/
IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
Web3D, SIGGRAPH, other conferences, publications
Books on web3D, 3D video etc:
Schreer Kauff Sikora: 3D Videocommunication
Ozaktas - Onural: Three-Dimensional Television, 2007
Javidi, Okano (Eds.): 3D TV, Video and Display Tech.
Brutzman, Daly, X3D: Extensible 3D Graphics for Web Authors, 2007
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Web3D Books
Walsh - Bourges-Svenier: CoreWeb3D
Polevoi: Interactive Web Graphicswith Shout3D
Barrilleaux: 3D User InterfacesWith Java 3D
Hartman - Wernecke:
VRML 2.0 Handbook
Roehl et al.:
Late Night VRML 2.0 with J ava
Carey - Bell:The Annotated VRML 97 Reference
http://www.best.com/~rikk/Book/
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Just for fun: Handimals 3D art
http://www.guidodaniele.com
Just for fun: Illusory paintings
http://users.skynet.be/J.Beever http://www.illusion-art.com
Just for fun: Illusory Paintings
http://www.rhino-award.com
Fun: Obscured and Field Paintings
http://www.devorahsperber.com
http://www.am.askanet.ne.jp/~tugaru/z-inakadate.htm
http://www.stanherdart.com/
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