viral gastroenteritis
Post on 02-Jan-2016
24 views
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS. (GI T Block , Microbiology : 2011 ). By: Dr.Malak M. El-Hazmi. OBJECTIVES. Def. of GE Viral etiology of GE ( Structures ) Epidemiology Clinical Features Lab diagnosis Treatment &Prevention (Vaccine) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
VIRAL GASTROENTERITISBy: Dr.Malak M. El-Hazmi (GI T Block , Microbiology : 2011 )
OBJECTIVESDef. of GEViral etiology of GE ( Structures )EpidemiologyClinical Features Lab diagnosisTreatment &Prevention (Vaccine)Rotavirus , Adenovirus , caliciviruses & Astrovirus .
Viruses associated with gastroenteritis
Etiologic agents in severe diarrheal illnesses requiring H of infants & young children Other viruses; Coronaviruses ,Toroviruses , Adenovirus & Enteroviruses
VGE Electron micrographs
Rotavirus AdenoviruscalicivirusAstrovirus
VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS
Epidemiology Distribution ; Worldwide in poor hygiene, overcrowding, and povertyAge ; Infants & young>>Older childrenTransmission ; Faecal-oral routeSeason ; Winter monthsEndemic inf ; Gp A rota & adeno 40,41Epidemic inf ; Norovirus VGE
Clinical Features VGEIP ;ShortSymptoms:D, V, Fever & abdominal crampsDehydration with Na Life threateningWinter vomiting disease: Vomiting > Diarrhoea Calicivirus
VGECell culture: [c/c]Fastidious growing poorly not used Electron microscopy: [EM]Catch all techMany disadvantages not usedSpecific test:ELISA for detection of viral ags in stool [rota , adeno , astro & caliciviruses] Lab diagnosis
VGETreatment:RehydrationPrevention: Sanitation & hygiene measuresNo vaccines except for rotavirus Management
ROTAVIRUSFamily:Reoviridae [Respiratory& Enteric Orphan]Description:11 segments dsRNADouble-layered icosahedralNonenveloped ~ 70 nmRNA dependent RNA polymerase7 groups [A-G]----- GpA most common
EpidemiologyRotaSpread:Faecal-oral routeAge: all age groupsSymptomatic inf ; 6 -24 ms.Peak ; Winter monthsInf ; Endemic
RotaPathogenesis
Clinical featuresRotaIntestinal inf:Infants & young children gastroenteritis or infantile GE IP = 1-2 dsWatery, nonbloody D,V & FDehydrationOutcomes VaryIn developed count. Mortality is lowIn developing count. Mortality is sig. ~1/2 of all GE cases AdmissionDeaths reported
Clinical featuresRotaIntestinal inf:Infants & young children GEOlder children+ adults asymptomaticImmuno ed hostschronic DExtra-intestinal inf:Encephalitis small n.
RotaSample; stool Immunoassay Most usedELISA , ICT& latex agglutinationEMGel electrophoresisRT.PCRCell culture
DiagnosisImmunochromatography Tech.
RotaManagementTreatment:RehydrationPrevention:Sanitation & hygiene measuresVaccine; LAV, oralRotashield ( withdrawn)RotarixRotaTeq*
Rotavirus
Structure EpidemiologyClinical Features Lab diagnosisTreatment Prevention (Vaccine)
ENTERIC ADENOVIRUSESFamily: AdenoviridaeDescription:Nonenveloped, icosahedral , dsDNAOnly V with a fiber protruding from each of the vertices of the capsidFiber Attachment Hemagglutinin Type-specific ag
ENTERIC ADENOVIRUSESClassification:Adenoviruses 6 subgenera[A-F] 51 serotypes Grow in C/CEnteric adenoviruses Subgenus F . 40&41serotypes . Fastidious
ENTERIC ADENOVIRUSESClinical feature:Longer IP Less severe than rotavirusProlonged illnessDiagnosis:Ag detection in stool by ELISA Immunochromatography Tech.
CalicivirusesFamily ; Caliciviridae [Calyx =cup]Description :NonenvelopedssRNA,+ve polarityIcosahedral capsid Two morphologic typesTypical caliciviruses (Sapoviruses)Small Rounded Structured Viruses . (Noroviruses)
EpidemiologyFaecal-oral route [water, shellfish]Outbreaks of GE in schools, camps &cruiseAll age gps Clinical featuresChildren vomiting [projectile]Adults diarrheaDiagnosisViral Ag in stool by ELISA
NOROVIRUS(Norwalk virus)
AstrovirusesFamily; Astroviridae [astro= a star]Description:NonenvelopedssRNA,+ve polarityIcosahedral capsid8 serotypes
- AstrovirusesClinical features;Mild GEOutbreak of diarrhea
: { , : , }
Reference books &the relevant page numbers Medical Microbiology.By: David Greenwood ,Richard Slack,John Peutherer and Mike Barer.17th Edition, 2007. Pages;545-551,565-571
Notes on Medical MicrobiologyBy ; Morag C. Timbury, A. Christine McCartney, Bishan Thakker and Katherine N. Ward (2002) Pages; 338 - 344
*