violent video games and aggression

8/4/2019 Violent Video Games and Aggression

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Violent Video Games andViolent Video Games andAggressionAggressionOR:OR:

Why cant we all just get along?Why cant we all just get along?

Jessica StahlJessica StahlAugust 15August 15thth, 2011, 2011


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DisclosureDisclosure

I am a gamer.I am a gamer.


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TheTheQuestionQuestion

What causes moreWhat causes moreaggressive behaviors?aggressive behaviors?

Violent video gamesViolent video games

OROR

Research aboutResearch about

violent video gamesviolent video games

www.ctrlaltdel-online.com


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The Key PlayersThe Key Players

Ferguson, Christopher J. andFerguson, Christopher J. andJohn KilburnJohn Kilburn

The Public Health Risks of MediaThe Public Health Risks of MediaViolence: A MetaViolence: A Meta--AnalyticAnalyticReviewReviewJournal of PediatricsJournal of Pediatrics 2009, Vol.2009, Vol.154, 759154, 759--763763

Much Ado About Nothing: TheMuch Ado About Nothing: TheMisestimationMisestimation andandOverinterpretationOverinterpretation of Violentof Violent

Video Game Effects in EasternVideo Game Effects in Easternand Western Nations: Commentand Western Nations: Commenton Anderson et al. (2010)on Anderson et al. (2010)Psychological BulletinPsychological Bulletin 2010, Vol.2010, Vol.136, No. 2, 174136, No. 2, 174178178

Anderson, et. al.Anderson, et. al.

Longitudinal Effects of ViolentLongitudinal Effects of ViolentVideo Games on Aggression inVideo Games on Aggression inJapan and the United StatesJapan and the United StatesPediatricsPediatrics 2008;Vol 122; e10672008;Vol 122; e1067--10721072

Violent Video Game Effects onViolent Video Game Effects onAggression, Empathy, andAggression, Empathy, andProsocialProsocial Behavior in EasternBehavior in Easternand Western Countries: A Metaand Western Countries: A Meta--

Analytic ReviewAnalytic ReviewPsychological BulletinPsychological Bulletin 2010, Vol.2010, Vol.136, No. 2, 151136, No. 2, 151173173


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MudslingingMudslinging

Texas says:Texas says:

Publication biasPublication bias

No standardizedNo standardized

aggression measuresaggression measures Inconsistent bestInconsistent best

practice qualificationspractice qualifications

No youth violenceNo youth violence

ratesrates

Iowa says:Iowa says:

Small inclusion groupSmall inclusion group

Improper selectionImproper selection

methodsmethods No unpublishedNo unpublished

studiesstudies

Limited to after 1995Limited to after 1995

Trim and fill analysis

Trim and fill analysisfor correcting factorfor correcting factor

Redundant metaRedundant meta--analysesanalyses


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The ResultsThe Results

Effect size = 0.15Effect size = 0.15

Small effect size,Small effect size, rr == 0.10.1 0.230.23

Medium effect size,Medium effect size, rr == 0.240.24 0.360.36

Large effect size,Large effect size, rr >> 0.370.37(Cohen, J (1992). "A power primer".(Cohen, J (1992). "A power primer". Psychological BulletinPsychological Bulletin 112112: 155: 155159)159)


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Comparing Effect SizesComparing Effect Sizes


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Yes Wii Can!Yes Wii Can!

Nintendo Wii videoNintendo Wii video--gaming ability predictsgaming ability predictslaparoscopic skilllaparoscopic skill (Surgical Endoscopy, 2010)(Surgical Endoscopy, 2010)

20 double20 double--unskilled participantsunskilled participants


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Use of a LowUse of a Low--Cost, Commercially AvailableCost, Commercially AvailableGaming Console (Wii) for Rehabilitation ofGaming Console (Wii) for Rehabilitation ofan Adolescent With Cerebral Palsyan Adolescent With Cerebral Palsy (Physical(PhysicalTherapy, 2008)Therapy, 2008)

13yr. male with spastic diplegic CP13yr. male with spastic diplegic CPAttention deficitsAttention deficits

Low IQLow IQ

PT 3 x weekly, OT biweeklyPT 3 x weekly, OT biweekly

Wii SportsWii Sports 11 sessions/4 weeks11 sessions/4 weeks


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Figure 3.

Ambulation distance with forearm crutches measured during physical therapy

sessions. The single peak of walking 150 ft (45.7 m) achieved 21 weeks prior to

training was not replicated or sustained until after intervention with the Wii. I-

intervention, CS-close supervision, CG-contact guard assistance,A-minimal

assistance, Pre-prior to training, Post-after training.

Improvement in:

Postural control

Visual-perceptual processing

Functional Mobility


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Feel the BurnFeel the Burn

MultiMulti--modal distraction. Using technology tomodal distraction. Using technology tocombat pain in young children with burncombat pain in young children with burninjuries. (Burns 2009)injuries. (Burns 2009)


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Or Not?Or Not?


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ProsocializationProsocialization

Effects of Prosocial Video Games onEffects of Prosocial Video Games onProsocial BehaviorProsocial Behavior (Journal of Personality and Social(Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 2010)Psychology, 2010)

Pilot study: Game validationPilot study: Game validation

Experiment 1: Spontaneous helpingExperiment 1: Spontaneous helping

Experiment 2: Solicited helpingExperiment 2: Solicited helping

Experiment 3: Active helpingExperiment 3: Active helping Experiment 4: Thoughts and spontaneousExperiment 4: Thoughts and spontaneous

helpinghelping


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MMORPGMMORPG

The effect of social support derived fromThe effect of social support derived fromWorld of Warcraft on negative psychologicalWorld of Warcraft on negative psychologicalsymptomssymptoms (Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 2009)(Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 2009)

High use = 45High use = 45--82 hrs per week82 hrs per week

Low use = 44 hrs or less per weekLow use = 44 hrs or less per week


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http://www.blogcdn.com/www.wow.com/media/2008/04/mak_analysispt1_large.jpg


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Other GoodnessOther Goodness

PsychotherapeuticPsychotherapeuticsupportsupport

Exercise and obesityExercise and obesity

RehabilitationRehabilitation

HandHand

Neurologic damageNeurologic damage

Brain trainingBrain training Taking medicationsTaking medications


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Physiology?Physiology?

MathiakMathiak, et. al., Reward system and, et. al., Reward system andtemporal pole contributions to affectivetemporal pole contributions to affectiveevaluation during a first person shooterevaluation during a first person shootervideo game.video game. BMC NeuroscienceBMC Neuroscience 2011, 12:662011, 12:66

13 Germans playing FPS with fMRI13 Germans playing FPS with fMRI

We found no indication that violenceWe found no indication that violenceevents were directly rewarding for theevents were directly rewarding for theplayers.players.


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So What?So What?

AmountAmount

Over 3Over 3 yrsyrs: 1hr /day: 1hr /day

Secondary school age: 2Secondary school age: 2 hrshrs/day/dayContentContent violent/violent/prosocialprosocial/nonviolent/nonviolent

StructureStructure learning environmentlearning environment

ContextContext reward systemsreward systemsMechanicsMechanics physical gameplayphysical gameplay

http://www.drdouglas.org/page_faqs.html


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Other ConcernsOther Concerns

AttentionAttention

School performanceSchool performance

AddictionAddiction


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Parent ResourcesParent Resources

http://www.whattheyplay.com/http://www.whattheyplay.com/

http://www.mediahttp://www.media--awareness.caawareness.cahttp://www.parentshttp://www.parents--choice.orgchoice.org


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Extended ReferencesExtended References

SurgSurg EndoscEndosc.. 2010 Jan 28. [2010 Jan 28. [EpubEpub ahead of print]ahead of print] Nintendo Wii videoNintendo Wii video--gaming ability predicts laparoscopicgaming ability predicts laparoscopic skill.skill. BadurdeenBadurdeen S,S, AbdulAbdul--SamadSamadO,O, Story G,Story G, Wilson C,Wilson C, Down S,Down S, HarrisHarris A.UniversityA.University of Cambridge School ofof Cambridge School ofClinical Medicine,Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke'sAddenbrooke's Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge,Hospital, Box 111, Hills Road, Cambridge,CB2 2SP, UKCB2 2SP, UK

JJ PersPers SocSoc Psychol.Psychol. 2010 Feb;98(2):2112010 Feb;98(2):211--21.21.Effects ofEffects of prosocialprosocial videovideo

games ongames on prosocialprosocial behavior.behavior. GreitemeyerGreitemeyer TT,, OsswaldOsswald SS.School.School ofofPsychology, University of Sussex,Psychology, University of Sussex, PevenseyPevensey 1,1, FalmerFalmer BN1 9QH, England.BN1 9QH, [email protected]@sussex.ac.u

Burns.Burns. 2009 Nov 2.2009 Nov 2. MultiMulti--modal distraction. Using technology tomodal distraction. Using technology tocombat pain in young children with burn injuries.combat pain in young children with burn injuries. Miller KMiller K,, RodgerRodgerSS,, BucoloBucolo SS,, Greer RGreer R,, Kimble RMKimble RM..

CyberpsycholCyberpsychol BehavBehav.. 2009 Oct;12(5):5632009 Oct;12(5):563--6.6.The effect of social supportThe effect of social support

derived from World ofderived from World of WarcraftWarcraft on negative psychological symptoms.on negative psychological symptoms.Longman HLongman H,, O'Connor EO'Connor E,, ObstObst PP.. PhysPhys TherTher.. 2008 Oct;88(10):11962008 Oct;88(10):1196--207.207. EpubEpub 2008 Aug 8.2008 Aug 8.Use of a lowUse of a low--cost,cost,

commercially available gaming console (Wii) for rehabilitation of ancommercially available gaming console (Wii) for rehabilitation of anadolescent with cerebraladolescent with cerebral palsy.palsy.DeutschDeutsch JEJE,, BorbelyBorbely MM,, Filler JFiller J,, HuhnHuhnKK,, GuarreraGuarrera--BowlbyBowlby PP..

violent video games and aggression

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