violence against children

Background:

Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro

He is a Brazilian diplomat and legal scholar. Within the United Nations System, he serves as the Special Reporter on the situation of human rights in Myanmar. He also served as United Nations Special Reporter for Burundi from 1995 to 1999, and was a member of the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights.

In 2003, Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed Pinheiro as an independent expert, with the rank of Assistant Secretary-General, to prepare an in-depth study into the global phenomenon of violence against children, which was presented to the General Assembly in 2006.

Pinheiro is one of the seven commissioners of the Organization of American States's Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, for the 2004-2011 period, with special responsibility for the rights of

children Domestically, he served as federal Secretary of State for Human Rights under President Fernando Henrique Cardoso.

Pinheiro has a long career in academia. He is a visiting professor at Brown University's Watson Institute for International Studies Previously, he also held academic positions at the University of São Paulo, Oxford University, and the École des hautes études en sciences sociales.

Background information：

Violence against children cuts across boundaries of geography, race, class, religion and culture. And no country is immune, whether rich or poor. The consequences of violence can be devastating. Above all, it can result in early death. Violence against children is thus a major threat to global development and it is also a major obstacle to gender equality.

The United Nations Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children has been a global effort to paint a detailed picture of the nature, extent and causes of violence against children, and to propose clear recommendations for action to prevent and respond to it. This is the first time that an attempt has been made to document the reality of violence against children around the world, and to map out what is being done to stop it.

Since 2003, many thousands of people have contributed to the study in consultations and working groups, through questionnaires and in other ways. Children and young people have been active at every level.

Words and expressions

Implementation

the act of accomplishing some aim or executing some order; execution, carrying out the act of implementing

e.g. he is very proud of the successful implementation of new technology.

Corporal:

of the human body; corporal punishment: physical punishment, e.g. by whipping, b

eating

e.g. What is your stance on corporal punishment?

ratify

approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation

e.g. Over ninety countries ratify an agreement to ban the use of these chemicals.

Pedagogy

the principles and methods of instruction; the profession of a teacher; the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

e.g. pedagogy is recognized as an important profession

Penal

of or relating to punishment; serving as or designed to impose punishment; subject to punishment by law

e.g. he was sentenced to be deported to a penal colony.

Smack

a blow from a flat object (as an open hand); the taste experience when a savory condiment is taken into the mouth

e.g. I'd a good mind to smack him for being so rude!

Manifestation

a clear appearance; a manifest indication of the existence or presence or nature of some person or thing

e.g. This riot is only one manifestation of people's discontent

Homicide

the killing of a human being by another human being

e.g. He felt like a homicide as he raised the gun and pulled the trigger

Trafficker

someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money; seller, marketer, vender, vendor

e.g. he is considered as a devil because he works as a drug trafficker.

Vulnerable

susceptible to attack; susceptible to criticism or persuasion or temptation

e.g. She is very young and vulnerable to temptation/fraud.

Ombudsman

a government appointee who investigates complaints by private persons against the government

e.g. The ombudsman investigates complaints about misuse of authority without fear or favor.

Atrocious

shockingly brutal or cruel; flagitious, grievous, heinous, monstrous

e.g. They committed the most atrocious cruelties.

Intuitive

spontaneously derived from or prompted by a natural tendency; obtained through intuition rather than from reasoning or observation

e.g. Are women more intuitive than men?

Await

look forward to the probable occurrence of

e.g. It was completely hopeless. They had to await their doom.

Creed

any system of principles or beliefs; the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group

e.g. People of all colors and creeds have come here to celebrate the holiday.