sf7df8f}+ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf g]kfnLx?sf] Ps} jif{ Ps xhf/ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . d[To' x'g] sf/0fx? w]/} 5g\, h;dWo] cfTdxTof Pp6f k|d'v sf/s aGg] u/]sf] 5 .

Ps}jif{df ! ;o @! hgf g]kfnLn] ljb]zdf cfTdxTof u/]sf 5g\ . cfTdxTof ug]{x?df dn]l;of uPsf g]kfnL sfdbf/ a9L 5g\ . stf/df /f]huf/Lsf nflu k'u]sf c3f{vfFrLsf #% jifL{o z+s/

aL;Ln] ut l8;]Da/df cfkm\g} sf]7fdf em'l08P/ cfTdxTof u/] . ;fg} pd]/df afa' u'dfPsf ljkGg kl/jf/sf z+s/ stf/ k'u]sf] @ jif{ ePsf] lyof] .

tna /fd|f] gePsf sf/0f pgn] stf/ hfFbfsf] ;a} C0f klg r'Qmf ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ . of] t pbfx/0f dfq xf] o;/L cfTdxTof ug]{df dn]l;ofdf %$ hgf 5g\ eg] ;fpbLdf @!, s'j]tdf !@, blIf0f sf]l/ofdf * hgfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf 5g\ eg] cGo b]zx?df @^ hgfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf 5g\ .

;g\ @)!% df ljb]zL e"lddf Ps xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnLn] d[To'j/0f ubf{ cGo sf/0fx? klg k|wfg ag]sf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]h/uf/Lsf qmddf /x]sf @ ;o $* hgfsf] d[To' k|fs[lts sf/0f ePsf] 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsfdWo] Ps jif{df x[bo3ftsf sf/0f ! ;o @@ hgfn] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\

. To:t} ;8s b'3{6gfdf k/]/ d[To' x'g] g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof ! ;o !* 5 . d'6', kmf]S;f]df cfPsf] PSsfl; v/faLsf sf/0f @ ;o %! hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .

lbge/ aflx/sf] udL{df sfd u/]/ cfpg] / sf]7fdf cfpgf ;fy Po/ slG8:g/ vf]n]/ ;'Tg] u/]sf sf/0f w]/} g]kfnL sfl8{s P/]i6 -d'6' tyf kmf]S;f]df x'g] /f]u_ sf] lzsf/ x'g] u/]sf] u|f08L OG6/g]zgn xl:k6nsf sfl8{of]nf]lhi6 8fS6/ ldng k|sfz >]i7 atfpF5g\ .

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klg gnfUg] eof] . lj=;+= @)&) ;fndf lzj/fqLdf /fhdfu{df 8f]/L 6fFu]/ /sd p7fpg yfn] . /fhdfu{df 8f]/L 6fFUg gldNg] eGb} k|x/Ln] /f]s] . t6aGwgsf nflu k};f geP/ OGt' g lrGt' ag]sf a]nf :yfgLo () jifL{o k'?iff]Qd ;fksf]6fn] ;ldtLnfO{ ! ;o %) ?k}Fof lbP/ 7"nf] u'g nufP . To;kl5 ;ldtLn] rGbf ;+sng ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] . b]p;L e}nf]af6 ;+slnt /sd / :yfgLo ;+3;+:yf tyf rGbfbftfsf] ;xof]udf @& nfv h'6\of] . :yfgLosf] >dbfg / ;f]xL /sdsf] nfutdf t6aGwg ul/Psf] wf]b|] t6aGwg tyf af6f] lgdf{0f ;ldtLsf ;lrj gj/fh zfxLn] hfgsf/L lbP .

æ;k{sf] sfFr'nL dfq} lyof] af6f] lxF8\bf klg h'sf nfUYof ] ,

u}F8fsf]6 . uF}8fsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] cfufdL jif{sf] ah]6 sl/a !^ k|ltztn] 36\g] ePsf] 5 . ljxLaf/ gu/kflnsfdf ul/Psf] gu/kl/ifb\df cfufdL jif{sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|:t't ub}{ sfo{sf/L clws[t jb|Lk|;fb ltjf/Ln] e"sDk, gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f ;/sf/n] gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbg] ah]6 36fPsf] atfP . pgn] cg'dfg u/]eGbf #& k|ltztn] sd ah]6 k|fKt x'g] hfgsf/L ;d]t lbP .

rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df eGbf @ s/f]8 @# nfv %( xhf/ sd ah]6 cfufdL jif{sf nflu gu/kflnsfn] 5'6\

ofPsf] xf] . cfufdL jif{sf nflu !@ s/f]8 %! Nfv *@ xhf/ ah]6 gu/kl/ifb\df k]z ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg 36]sfn] ah]6 36]sf] xf] . h;n] ubf{ gu/kflnsfn] ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{qmddf c;/ kg{ hfg] sfo{sf/L clws[t ltjf/Ln] atfP . cfufdL jif{ 5'6\ofPsf] ah]6dWo] sl/a & s/f]8 g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] zLif{sdf vr{ ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] afFsL /x]sf] % s/f]8 $@ nfv ?k}Fof dfq ah]6 ljlgof]hg x'g] clws[t ltjf/Lsf] egfO 5 .

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vr{sf zLif{sx? eg] a9]sf 5g\ . rfn' vr{ h'g sd{rf/Lsf] tna ;'ljwfdf vr{ x'g] u5{ Tof] g} cfufdL jif{ sl/a !% k|ltztn] a9\g] gu/kflnsfn] hgfPsf] 5 . k'FhLut vr{ h'g ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu vr{ u/LG5, To;sf nflu gu/kflnsfn] hDdf # s/f]8 %% nfv dfq ah]6 5'6\ofPsf] 5 t/ ljsf;sf of]hgf eg] dxTTjfsf+IfL 5g\ .

g u / k f l n s f n ] cfufdL jif{ ;a} j8fdf ;8s lj:tf/ tyf :t/f]Gglt ug]{, vfg]kfgLsf of]hgfx?sf] ;+/If0f / u'0f:t/Lotf ljsf;sf nflu sfd ug]{, jftfj/0fd}qL gu/ agfpg], lah'nL kf]n geP/ ljB't\ ;]jf gkfpg] ;d:of cGTo ug]{, ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf nflu gu/kflnsfsf] j]j;fO6 lgdf{0f ug]{, ljho PkmPd;Fusf] ;xsfo{df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . h]i7 gfu/Lssf nflu cd/fk'/Ldf gfu/Ls lj>fd 3/ tyf jfrgfno agfpg] klg gu/kflnsfsf] of]hgfdf pNn]v

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cfufdL jif{ x/]s 3/sf dlxnfnfO{ KnDljª tyf jfO{l/ª tflnd lbg] ePsf] 5 . gu/klifb\df gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t jb|Lk|;fb ltjf/Ln] ækfgL dlxnf / lah'nL dlxnfÆ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy dlxnfnfO{ pBdzLn tflnd lbg nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ .

gu/kl/ifb\sf k|d'v cltly tyf gjnk/f;L If]q g+ ! sf ;f+;b\\ k|f=8f= zzf+s sf]O{/fnfn] u}F8fsf]6 klZrd hfg] gfsf ePsfn] o;sf] ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/ ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kg]{ atfP . pgn] gu/kflnsfn] agfPsf of]hgf ;sf/fTds /x]sf] eGb} cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ug{ ;lsg] ;xof]usf nflu cfkm' lg/Gt/ nfUg] k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP . gjnk/f;L If]q g+ # sf ;f+;b\\ s[i0f kf}8]nn] ljsf;sf nflu l;h{gzLn JolQm /x]sf] u}F8fsf]6sf] ljsf;sf nflu xft]dfnf] h?/L /x]sf] atfP . pgn] b]zsf] c;xh kl/l:yltn] cy{tGq sdhf]/ ag]sfn] To;sf] k|efj ljsf;df klg b]lvPsf] eGb} o;sf] cGTo ;Fu} ljsf;n] ult lng] ljZjf; JoQm u/] .

gu/kl/ifb\df u}F8fsf]6 gu/If]qleqsf /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'vx?n] cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVb} gu/sf] ljsf;df k|:t't ePsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd /fd|f] ePsf] eGb} of]hgf / sfo{sf/L clws[t ltjf/Lsf] k|z+;f u/]sf lyP . pgLx?n] of]hgf agfpg]

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u}F8fsf]6sf] kl/ro emNsg] k|j]zåf/ g]kfnsf] klZrd If]qsf] k|j]z ljGb' u}F8fsf]6 gu/kflnsfdf k|j]zåf/ lgdf{0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 . gu/kl/ifb\df sfo{sf/L clws[t jb|Lk|;fb ltjf/Ln] cfufdL jif{ u}F8fsf]6sf] klxrfg emNsg] u/L u}F8fsf]6sf] k"j{kl§ j[xt k|j]zåf/ agfpg] atfPsf x'g\ . of] k|j]zåf/ x]/]kl5 ;fª\s]lts ?kdf u}F8fsf]6sf] kl/ro g} To;n] lbg] pgsf] bfaL 5 . slxn];Dd lgdf{0f ;'? ug'{x'G5 t< eGg] k||Zgdf ltjf/Ln] ;fpg÷ebf}af6 g} lgdf{0f ;'? ul/g] atfP . pgn] o;sf] nfut / l8hfOgsf] ;DefJotf cWoogsf] sfd e}/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP.

/hx/ . ljho n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8n] cfOtaf/ t];|f] ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . xf]6n /]8 sfk]{6 gf/fo0fu9 lrtjgdf u/]sf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] rf/j6f ;fdfGo k|:tfj / rf/j6f ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't ub}{ cWoIf ;/f]hsfhL t'nfw/n] @)&@÷)&# sf] cGTo;Dd ;+:yfsf] zfvf @% j6f;Dd k'¥ofpg] atfP . pgn] e"sDk, gfsfaGbLsf afah'b klg ut cfly{s jif{df ;+:yfn] ;f9] *& nfv gfkmf cfh{g u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . t'nfw/n] o;} jif{ ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu z]o/ lgisf;g u/]sf]df sl/a *% u'0ff al9 z]o/ cfj]bg k|fKt ePsf] / k|rlnt sfg'gcg';f/ #! xhf/ %$ hgfnfO{ tLg nfv *^ xhf/ $ ;o lsQf z]o/ ljt/0f ul/Psf] pNn]v u/] . ;fwf/0f;efn] ;+:yfks z]o/ ;b:osf] tkm{af6 zflnu|fd zdf{ / ;fwf/0f z]o/ ;b:osf] tkm{af6 k|]d;fu/ ;'j]bL / sjLGb|ljqmd Wjh hf]zLnfO{ lgo'Qm u/]sf] 5

. z]o/ ;b:osf tkm{af6 p7]sf lh1f;fsf] hjfkm lbFb} cWoIf t'nfw/n] cfufdL jif{af6 ;+:yfn] dgUo gfkmf sdfpg] bfaL u/] .

;fwf/0f ;efdf k|jGw ;~rfns a;Gt/fh nD;fnn] clxn] ;+:yfn] sl/a #) s/f]8sf] k'FhL nufgL u/]sf] / r'Qmf k'FhL !$ s/f]8 k'u]sf] atfP . dlN6 :6]s xf]N8/ km/]:6L sfo{qmd -VSHFP_ , ?kfGt/0f g]kfn, xl/of] jg, ;Ifd PS;L; 6'[ kmfO{G; g]kfn;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/L ul/Psf] ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdn] lgs} pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] nD;fnsf] egfO 5 .

@)^( ;fndf b'O{ ;+:yf;lxt !*^ hgf ldn]/ :yfkgf ePsf] ljho n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf clxn] !$ lhNnfdf lqmofzLn 5 . !( j6f zfvf ;~rfng u/L/x]sf] o;sf] lgs} ;Gt'lnt j[l4 e}/x]sf] ljQ lj1x?sf] egfO 5 . gjnk/f;Ldf #, lrtjg, tgx'Fdf,;Nofgdf @÷@, ndh'ª, uf]vf{, DofUbL, afun'ª, kj{t, c3f{vfFrL, ?s'd, /f]Nkf, Ko'7fg, bfªdf !÷! u/L ljho n3'ljQsf !( zfvf

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l;sfO l;4fGtn] dfG5]sf] l;sfO Ifdtf c;Lldt x'g] / To; Ifdtfsf] cGTo s'g} klg ljGb'df x'g g;Sg] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . dfgJfLo pknlAwnfO{ s'g} c°df ;Lldt ug]{ sfo{ ck|fs[lts x'G5 . sf]xL ljb\ofyL{n] s]xL klg l;Sg ;s]g eg]/ k|dfl0ft ug'{ c;Dej k|foM g} x'G5 . ljb\ofyL{nfO{ k/LIffdf ;fd]n e};s]kl5 h;/L ljutsf jif{dfem}F pQL0f{ / cg'QL0f{ gegLsg lglZrt u|]8df dfkg ug]{ k4ltsf] ?kdf n]6/ u|]l8·sf] ;'?jft ePsf] xf] . ljb\ofyL{sf] z}lIfs :t/sf] dfkg s'g} c°af6 gu/L cIf/af6 ug]{ cfw'lgs k4ltsf] ?kdf n]6/ u|]l8·sf] z'?jft ePsf] kfOG5 . n]6/ u|]l8·sf] ;j{k|yd k|of]u cd]l/sL bfz{lgs Mark W. Durm n] Athens State University Albama df u/]sf lyP . To;kl5 ;g\ !(*) df Yale University / ;g\ !*(& df Mt. Holyoke College df o;sf] jf:tljs ?kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . clxn] k|mfG;, ci6]«lnof, O/fg, a]lNhod, ef/t nufotsf b]zdf o;sf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .

ljutdf g]kfnsf s]xL lghL ljb\ofnon] ‘P’ n]en / ‘aL’ n]en k/LIffx? ;~rfng u/]sf] / ljleGg ljb]zL ljb\ofnox?;Fu ;dsIftf sfod ub}{ cfPsf] Oltxf; xfdL;Fu 5 . k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmdn] klg lg/Gt/ d"Nof°gdf hf]8 lbFb} ‘s’, ‘v’ / ‘u’ u/L >]0fL ljefhg u/]sf] lyof] . k|fylds txdf t emg\ pbf/ sIff]Ggltsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ d"t{ ?k lbg] k4ltsf] ljsf; e};s]sf] 5 . ljb\ofyL{nfO{ cg'QL0f{ ug{ gkfOg] / p;sf] l;sfO pknlAwsf] :t/nfO{ u|]l8· u/L ‘u’ >]0fLsf] eP ‘v’ / ‘v’ >]0fLsf] eP qmdzM ‘s’ df n}hfg lg/Gt/ ljb\ofyL{ d"Nof°g k|lqmof ckgfO{ ;'wf/fTds lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] k4ltsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . ljb\ofyL{n] k|fKt u/]sf] pknlAwnfO{ lglZrt dfgssf cfwf/df cIf/df c+sg ug]{ jf :t/ 5'6\ofpg] k|lqmofsf] ?kdf klg o;nfO{ lnOG5 . /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nof°g kl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)&! Df+l;/ @$ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ k|j]lzsf k/LIffdf cIf/f°g k4lt sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . z}lIfs ;q @)&! Dff k|fljlws lzIff ;~rfng eO/x]sf (( j6f ljb\ofno / @)&@ b]lv

;fwf/0ftkm{ nfu" ug]{;d]t lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] . h;cg';f/ o; jif{b]lv P;Pn;Lsf] glthf cIf/f° k|0ffnLdf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ lg0f{onfO{ sfof{Gjog u/Lg] ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0ftof n]6/ u|]l8 · k|0ffnLdf z"Gob]lv ;o dfkg :s]nsf] k|of]u u/L ljb\ofyL{sf] Ifdtfsf] >]0fLs/0f ug]{ k4lt ckgfOPsf] x'G5 . ;on] l;sf?sf] l;sfO IfdtfnfO{ pRr:t/sf] b]vfpF5 eg] To:t} z"Go c°n] l;sf?n] s]xL l;Sg g;s]sf]

eGg] bzf{Psf] x'G5 .n]6/ u|]l8·sf] jt{dfg

:j?knfO{ lgofNbf k/LIffkmnnfO{ gf} ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 h:fcg';f/ () b]lv !)) k|ltzt;Dd Nofpg]nfO{ ‘P Kn;’, *) b]lv () k|ltzt eGbf sd c° Nofpg]nfO{ ‘P’, &) b]lv *) eGbf sd c° Nofpg]nfO{ ‘aL Kn;’, ^) b]lv &) eGbf sd c° Nofpg]nfO{ ‘aL’, %) b]lv ̂ ) eGbf sd k|ltzt Nofpg]nfO{ ‘;L Kn;’, $) b]lv %) eGbf sd c° Nofpg]nfO{ ‘;L’ pNn]v u/]sf] ;l6{lkms]6 lbg] u/L tof/L u/]sf] 5 . To:t} u/L @) b]lv $) eGbf sd c° Nofpg]nfO{ ‘8L’ / Psb]lv @) eGbf sd c° k|fKt ug]{n] ‘O’ pNn]lvt z}lIfs k|df0fkq kfpg] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . ;fy} z"GonfO{ ‘Pg\’ ;d"xdf /flvPsf] 5 . :jfefljs ?kdf of] Joj:yf ePkl5 ljb\ofyL{sf] nAwf° kqdf pQL0f{ jf cg'QL0f{sf] k|fjwfg /xg] 5}g . h;sf] ;6\6fdf ljb\ofyL{nfO{ u|]8 lbOG5 . o:tf] u|]8 ljifout tyf ;du| b'j} vfnsf] x'G5 . ljb\ofyL{sf] Ifdtf slt xf] < / ;fIf/tfsf] tx s'g xf]< eGg] olsg dfq} o;n] ug]{5 . kf; / km]n eGg] o;df /xg] 5}g . To;}u/L ‘8L’ / ‘O’ u|]8eGbf sd c° Nofpg] ljb\ofyL{n] dflyNnf] u|]8 Nofpg u|]8 j[l4 k/LIffdf ;fd]n x'g] k|fjwfg;d]t v'Nnf u/]sf] 5 . h'g b'O{ ljifo dfq} cg'QL0f{ x'g]x?nfO{ cj;/sf] nflu /flvPsf] 5 . ‘8L’ / ‘O’ eGbf tNnf] u|]8 k|fKt u/]sf ljb\ofyL{n] b'O{ ljifoeGbf a9L ljifodf k/LIff lbg rfx]df csf]{ jif{sf] d"n k/LIffdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] x'G5 .

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cfly{s ;+/rgf;Fu lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ k|ToIf ?kdf ;DalGwt x'g] s'/f ljleGg cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgn] k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . b]zdf e}/x]sf] r/d u/LaL, clzIff, cfwf/e"t ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] sdL, ef}uf]lns c;dfgtf, Ps efiffjfbL gLlt, nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] dlxnf, ckf·, hghflt / cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfodflysf] e]befjhGo sf/0fsf] pkhsf] ?kdf o; lsl;dsf] d"Nof°g k|0ffNfLsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] xf] . ljb\ofno tyf ;|f]t s]Gb|x?n] lgdf{0f ug]{ k|Zgkqx?df Ps?ktf / ;dfgtfsf] sdL x'g' , :t/ dfkg gu/LPsf k|Zgkqx?sf] k|of]u u/Lg' , cj}1flgs k/LIf0f k|0ffNfLsf] k|of]u u/Lg'h:tf k/LIff;Fu ;Da4 sf/0fx?n] klg sltko ljb\ofyL{nfO{ l;sfO jftfj/0f cg's"n x'g g;s]sf], k9fOsf] dfWod efiffn] ;d]t ;Df:of yk]sf] b]lvG5 . h;n] ljb\ofyL{sf] sdhf]/ Ifdtfdf slQ klg ;'b[9 ug{ ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . ljb\ofyL{sf] sdhf]/ z}lIfs k|fl1s cfwf/ / To;af6 l;lh{t sdhf]/ Ifdtf k|bz{g, d"Nof°g / sIff]Gglt cEof;x?df b]lvPsf sdL, lzIfs Joj:yfkgdf /x]sf] lkmtnf]kg, lzIfs tyf ljb\ofnodf kfOg] pQ/bfloTjljxLgtf, sdhf]/ ;+:yfut g]t[Tj, cJofjxfl/s / af]lemnf] kf7\oqmd, ljz]iftM ul0ft, cª\u|]hL / lj1fgdf of]Uo / u'0f:t/o'Qm lzIfsx?sf] 7"nf] cefj, ckof{Kt kf7\ok':ts, 7"nf] sIff ;d"x, cg'udg / ;'k/Lj]If0fsf] cefjh:tf s'/fx? Gf} sdhf]/ Ifdtf k|bz{gsf sf/0f klg ljsNksf] ?kdf n]6/ u|]l8· k4ltsf] cjwf/0ff cfPsf] kfOG5 . ljb\ofnon] ;~rfng ug]{ k/LIffdf ljb\ofyL{n] pQL0f{ x'g] k|fKtf° #@ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . t/ o;n] ;DalGwt ljb\ofyL{n] s]–slt l;s]sf] 5 jf s] ug{ ;S5 < eGg] ljifodf s'g} hfgsf/L lbg ;Sb}g . h;n] ljb\ofyL{sf] ljifout leGgtfnfO{ klg b]vfpFb}g\ . ljb\ofyL{ d"Nof°g k|0ffnLnfO{ ljlzi6 / Jofjxfl/s agfpg] clek|fosf ;fy o; lsl;dsf] k4lt z'?jft\ ul/Psf] xf] .

oltv]/ ljb\ofnodf ljb\ofyL{n] k9\g gvf]h]sf] / lzIfsn] k9fpg Tolt Wofg glbPsf] u'gf;fx? ;'lgg cfPsf 5g\ . ;fdfGo ?kdf gk9] klg kf; eOg] eGg] xNnfn] lgs} :yfg lnPh:t} k|tLt x'Fb}5 . jf:tjd}

To:tf] eg] xf]Og . ‘8L’ / ‘O’ eGbf tNnf] >]0fL k|fKt ug]{ ljb\ofyL{x?nfO{ cGo ljb\ofyL{sf] t'ngfdf s]xL c;xhtf eg] kSs} x'g] x'G5 . cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] pRr dfWolds ljb\ofno tyf sn]hx?df cWoog ug]{ cj;/af6 jl~rt x'g'kg]{ cj:yfnfO{ hLljt agfOlbPsf] 5 . b'O{ ljifoeGbf a9Ldf c;kmn x'g]x?n] Ps dflyNnf] u|]8 lngsf] nflu k'gM Ps jif{ s'g'{kg]{ / b'O{ ljifo dfq nfu]sfn] km]l/ k/LIffdf ;fd]n x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfgn] klg l;sfOdf lzIfs / ljb\ofyL{sf] ;+nUgtfsf] lg/Gt/ ck]Iff u/]sf] cj:yf 5 .

ljutsf] k/LIff k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]/Lx?sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu ckgfOPsf] ;jf{]Qd ljsNksf ?kdf o;sf] z'?jft\ u/LFb}5 . ljutsf k/LIffdf cg'QL0f{ ePs} e/df slt ljb\ofyL{n] cfTdxTof ug{ k/]sf], Pp6f ljifodf sdhf]/ ePs} e/df pRr lzIff cWoogsf] cj;/af6 jl~rt /xg' k/]sf] / cfkm"n] kfgfe/L n]v] klg cg'QL0f{sf] ku/L u'Yg' k/]sf] pbfx/0fx?nfO{ lgld6\ofGg kfg{ o; lsl;dsf] k/LIff k|0ffNfLn] dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] x'G5 .

klxn]sf of]hgfx? ljb]zL /fi6«sf] ;xof]udf cfof]lht ePsf ePklg n]6/ u|]l8· ljz'4 ljb\ofyL{d}qL cjwf/0ffsf] ?kdf nfdf] cWoog / cg';Gwfgkl5 ljsl;t ul/Psf] :j?k xf] . ljb\ofyL{nfO{ pRr cfTdjnsf ;fy l;sfO sfo{df ;+nUg u/fpFb} clwstd pknlAw xfl;n u/fpg] cjwf/0ffsf] ?kdf o;sf] ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . t;y{ km/skgsf] cg'e"lt ub}{ lzIf0f l;sfOsf] o; lsl;dsf] k|efjsf/L dfWodnfO{ ckgfpg b[9 ;ª\slNkt x'g} kg]{ x'G5 . o;df lzIfs, ljb\ofyL{ / cleefjssf] plQs} ;r]ttf / ;fjwfgL x'g ;s] dfq cfzftLt pknlAw xfl;n x'g;S5 .

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;ftfsf] ;'?df OR5fzlQm a9\g'sf ;fy} rfF8} nIo k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5. kfl/jfl/s hd36sf] kmfObf p7fpFb} ljleGg kl/sf/sf] cfgGb lng kfOg]5. ;an :jf:Yosf nflu vfgkfgdf ;hu /xg'xf]nf.

k|f/Dedf vr{ a9\gfn] ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;S5. cj;/sf] vf]hLdf s]xL bf}8w'k ug{'knf{. glhssf cfkmGt 6fl9g ;S5g\ eg] gftf ufF:g]x¿n] s]xL b'Mv lbg]5g\. /f]lsPsf sfddf bf]xf]¥ofP/ k|of; ubf{ kmfObf x'g]5.

;ftfsf] ;'?df s]xL ;d:of cfOnfu]] klg sfdsf] k|oTg ;kmn x'g] ;do 5. :jf:Yodf df};dL ;d:of cfpg ;S5. ;KtfxfGtdf af]nL–Jojxf/df ;hu eOPg eg] ;d:ofdf kg{ ;lsg]5 .

;ftfsf] ;'?df lx;falstfadf ;fjwfg gx'Fbf ljjfbdf kl/g]5. cWoogdf dg nfUg]5 . dfGoh;Fu e]63f6 x'g]5 . s'g} gofF sfd ;'? ubf{ jf}l4s JolQmTj;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ dfq ubf{ ;kmn aGg]5 .

k|ltli7t sfd u/]/ w]/}sf] dg nf]Eofpg'sf ;fy} gfd, bfd / Ogfd xftkfg]{ ;do 5. cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf ul/Psf] k'?iffy{n] k|lti7f lbnfpg]5. lbuf] cfDbfgL x'g] sfd ;'? ug]{ df}sf 5. ;do /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 .

;ftfsf] ;'?df vr{ eP klg nfdf] ofqf ug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5. 6f9fsf ;fyLefO;Fu ;DaGw a9\g'sf ;fy} ljlzi6 JolQmTjx¿;Fu ldqtf ufFl;g]5. /rgfTds sfd u/]/ k'/fgf] k4ltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsg]5.

;ftfsf] ;'?df ;do cToGt} /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . ts{ zlQm a9] klg s'/fsfgL ubf{ uf]kgLotfdf Wofg lbg'xf]nf.cGoyf uf]klgotf eª\u x'g ;Sg]5 . ;ftfsf] cGTolt/ ofqf x'g ;Sg]5 .

;ftfsf] ;'?df ljleGg cj;/ k|fKt x'g]5g\. klxn]sf] pknlAwn] sfddf pT;fx hufpg]5. klxn]sf ;xof]uL eg] k|lt:kwL{sf ¿kdf b]vf kg{ ;S5g\.cfkm"nfO{ arfP/ sfd ug'{xf]nf .;kmn eOg]5 .

k|f/Desf] ;do dWod /x] klg dWolt/ eg] /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . Jofkf/ Joj;fodf kmfObf ldNg]5 . wg k|fKt x'g ;Sg] 5 . sfddf ;kmntf ldNg] of]u /x]sf] 5. k|]ld k|]ldsf aLr ;DaGw ;'d'w'/ aGg]5 .

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cfF6]sf sfd aGgfn] hf]z–hfFu/ a9\g]5. k|]d / ldqtfsf] aGwg sl;g]5. d]xgtn] hLjgz}nLdf kl/jt{g Nofpg]5. kl/l:yltn] ;+3if{sf] kfOnf rfNg l;sfpg]5. ;'vb'Mvdf ;fy lbg]x¿ sd} e]l6g]5g\.

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o;nfO{ :d/0f u/], sltn] lal;{P t/ s]xLn] o;nfO{ ;lDemFbf ;lDemFb} klg lal;{P . k|Zg of] xf] ls g]kfn /fi6«lgdf{0fsf lktf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] hGdhoGtL tyf g]kfnn] Ps z"/jL/ kfPsf] cg'kd lbgnfO{ lsg lal;{Fb}5 < lj=;= !&&( kf}if @& ut] tTsfnLg uf]/vfsf /fhf g/e"kfn zfx / /fgL sf}zNofjtLsf] sf]vaf6 hlGdPsf Ps jL/ ;Gtfg cfw'lgs g]kfnsf lgdf{tf x'g\ . o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ Oltxf; af]s]sf] JolQmnfO{ :d/0f ug{ 5f8]/ xfdL HjnGt Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug]{ Ps dxfg\ JolQmsf] lgd{d ckx]ngf ul//x]sf t 5}gf}F <

clxn] xfdLn] k[YjL hoGtL dgfpg] ls gdgfpg] b'ljwfsf aLr g} k[YjL hoGtLnfO{ ljbf u¥of}F . ;fob clxn]h:t} c;n / s'zn g]t[Tjsf] cefj Tolta]nf x'GYof] eg] ;fob} g]kfn eGg] b]z / g]kfnL eGg] xfd|f] klxrfg /xGgYof] xf]nf . ltg} dxfg\ JolQmTjsf] s'zn g]t[Tjn] cfh of] e"kl/j]li7t e"v08nfO{ Ps :jtGq lxdfnL /fHo eg]/ ljZjdf lrgfPsf 5f}F . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] PsLs/0f ;fsf/ gx'Gh]n;Dd xfd|f c~rn tyf lhNnfsf] kl/ro ;fgf ;fgf y'Dsf / 6fs'/] /fHon] cf]u6]sf lyP . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] bL3{sfnLg of]hgf, bl/nf] ;fx; / cb\e"t g]t[Tjsf] d2tn] afO;]–rf}aL;] /fHo l;ª\uf] /fi6« aGof] . k[YjLgf/fo0fn] rGb|lu/Lsf] 8fF8faf6 b]lvPsf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{ PsLs[t g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL agfpg] dxTTjfsfª\Iff lj=;+= !*@% df k'/f u/]sf sf/0fn] cfh xfdL Ps :jtGq ;fj{ef}d /fi6«sf] gful/s eg]/ uj{ ug]{ ePsf 5f}F .

OdfGbf/ eP/ s;}n] eG5 eg] kl5Nnf] ;do b]zdf ePsf s'g} klg cfGbf]ng, qmflGt tyf o'4 b]zsf] /Iff, :jfledfg / Pstfsf nflu ePsf] 5}g . hltn] log} o'4 qmflGt / cfGbf]ngsf gfddf Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ , s]jn cfkm\g} b]zsf bfh'efO lbbLalxgL;Fu n8]/ kmut\ c?sf] clwsf/ vf]:g jf cfkm"nfO{ alnof] agfpg u'dfPsf 5g\. t/ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx To:tf JolQm x'g\ h;n] b]z lgdf{0fsf nflu, b]zsf] cl:tTjsf nflu j}olQs ;'v eGbf dfly p7]/ cfkm\gf] hLjg bfpmdf /fv]/ n8] . cfh xfdL k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] zflns 9fn]/ v'zLn] a's{';L dfb}{ cfkm"nfO{ ;fx;L agfpg vf]Hb}5f}F . k[YjLgf/fo0fsf] zflnsnfO{ ;fdGtLsf gfOs] eg]/ 9nfO/xFbf xfd|f] b]z g]kfn / xfdLnfO{ g]kfn agfpg] ;'qwf/ sf] xf] eg]/ lsg lal;{Psf 5f}F < k[YjLhoGtL gdgfP/ st} xfdLn] xfd|f] cfkm\g} b]zdfly ckdfg t ul//x]sf 5}gfF} < xf]Og eg] sxfF r's]sf lyP k[YjLgf/fo0f / pgnfO{ ;fdGtsf] bhf{ lbFb}5fF} .

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cfh ljZjn] g]kfnL o'jfsf] nugzLntf , d]x]gt b]v]/ cfkm\gf] b]zdf cfsif{0f u/L b]z ljsf; ug{ nfnflot 5g\ . t/ h;n] tL o'jf pTkfbg u¥of] p;}n] ltg} o'jfx?sf] Tof] nuglzntf , Ifdtf, bIftfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ . ;/sf/ emg\ /]ld6\ofG; cfFp5 eGb} Ol8le / lk|m le;f lk|m l6s6sf] nf]e b]vfP/ lzlIft o'jfnfO{ knfog u/fPsf] 5 .

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e/tk'/ -xfn cd]l/sf_

g]kfndf lzlIft hgzlQmsf] cj:yfcsf]{ jif{ ljZjs} pTs[i6 k|wfgdGqL cf]nLbnLo /fhgLltdf g]tfsf] Wofg ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug]{, cfkm\gf

uNtLnfO{ 9fs5f]k ul/lbg] sfo{stf{ tof/ ug]{, ;+ul7t JolQmx?nfO{ s'g} bnsf] em08f af]s]s} sf/0f s;}nfO{ /fd|f] dflgxfNg] / s;}nfO{ g/fd|f] dflgxfNg] h:tf] ;+sL0f{ ;f]raf6 lgb]{lzt x'g p2t u/fpg] sfo{df s]lGb|t x'G5 . @)$^ kl5 ljleGg bnsf] gfddf ;dfhnfO{ ljeflht u/fOof] . Ps l5d]sLn] csf]{ l5d]sLsf] 3/df lagf sf/0f 9'+uf xfGg nufOof] . %) sf] bzsdf olt;Dd ;dfh ljeflht u/fOof] ls sf+u|]; / sDo'lgi6sf] gfddf kfgL af/faf/sf] l:ylt l;h{gf eof] . lax]af/L;d]t km/s bnsf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/L;Fu gug]{ eGg] ;+sL0f{ ;f]rn] k|>o kfof] . hGdb]lv d[To';Dd x/]s If0fdf sfdnfUg] 3/ hf]l8Psf] l5d]sL cd's bnsf] ePs} sf/0f dg gkg]{ t/ hLjgdf slxNo} sfd gnfUg] dfG5] cd's bnsf] ePs} sf/0f dgkg]{ h:tf] cToGt cJojxfl/s ;f]rn] a9fjf kfof] . bnLo Joj:yfn] s]Gb|sf s]xL 7'nf elgPsf g]tfnfO{ dfq kmfObf k'¥ofPsf] x'G5 eg] ufpFsf sfo{stf{nfO{ cfÇgf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{eGbf cd's g]tfsf] uf}/j ufyf ufpg nufP/ pgLx?nfO{ cndnfOPsf] x'G5 .

lgb{nLo /fhgLltn] s'g} JolQmn] unt u/]df p;sf] ulNtsf] 9fs5f]k u/Llbg] tkm{ geP/ cfkm" g} p;sf] ljsNk ag]/ lgl:sg k|]l/t u/fpF5 . bnsf] cl:tTj gx'g] x'Fbf hgk|ltlglwn] lXjk dfGg'kg]{ x'Fb}g . h;n]ubf{ JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] pRrtd k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

g]kfndf cEof; ul/Psf] bnLo /fhgLltsf] cg'ejn] klg bnsf sfo{stf{df lgb{nLotfsf] cfsf+Iff /x]sf] b]lvG5 . olb bnsf] s'g} g]tfn] u/]sf] unt sfdsf] ckh; glnP/ Tof] Pp6f JolQmn] u/]sf] xf] eGg] ts{ ul/G5 eg] bn lsg rflxof] < of] g} bnleq b]lvPsf] lgb{nLotfsf] cJoQm cfsf+Iff xf] . lgb{nLo Joj:yfn] ;dfh / /fi6«sf] lxt unf{ ls bnLo Joj:yfn] unf{ To;sf] d"Nof°g k|To]s JolQmn] cfÇg} ljj]sn] ug{'kg]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . ;Gtf]if e';fn

Uf}F8fsf]6,gjnk/f;L

bnLo Joj:yf ls lgb{nLo <

!= lgjf{lrt ePkl5sf] @ jif{ slQsf] ;kmn /x\of] <

;kmn g} eGg'k5{ . lsgls lgjf{rgsf a]nf xfdLn] hgtf ;dIf gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg] / hghLjLsfsf ljifodf k/]sf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xhLs/0f ug]{ k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u/]sf lyof}F .

To;dWo] ;+ljwfg agfpg] P]ltxfl;s sfd k'/f ePsf] 5 hgtfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu lqmofzLn 5' To;}n] of] ;do ;kmn g} dfGg'k5{ . @= ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf e"ldsf

lgjf{x ug'{afx]s cGo s] s] ug'{eof] <

x]g'{;\, Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf] ;b:osf] x}l;otn] af6f], ljB'tLs/0f, vfg]kfgL,:jf:Yo / lzIffsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ d]/f] k|ltj4tf /x]sf lyP . To;}n] hgtfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx?df s]lGb|t /x]/ g} d}n] sfd u/]sf] 5' / To;df lqmoflzn 5' .

#= tkfFOsf] If]qsf hgtfn] :d/0f ug]{ u/L s] sfd ug'{eof] <

ca xfd|f] If]qsf hgtfn] :d/0f ug]{ u/L u/]sf] sfddf vf;u/L lqj]0fLaf6 b'DsLaf; x'Fb} j]0fLdl0fk'/ eP/ kfNkf hf]8\g] h'g af6f] xf] Tof] k'/f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf af6f]df kg]{ vf]nfx?df k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd e}/x]sf] 5 . j]0fLdl0fk'/df ljB'tLs/0f ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5' . d}gf3f6df vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{, /fsfr'nLdf :jf:Yo rf}sL agfpg], rf]/df/f gf/fo0fL lsgf/, rf]/df/f em\ofnjf;, 808f sf]n'jf hf]8\g] af6f] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5' .

To;afx]s lzIff :jf:Yosf If]qdf klg pknlAwd'ns sfd u/]sf] 5' . $= eg]sf] @ jif{df ug{ ;Sg] ;a}

sfd u/] h:tf] nfU5 < x]g'{;\, sfd u/]/ t

slxNo} ;lsFb}g . hgtfsf ck]Iff / rfxgf w]/} 5g\ . tL qmdzM k'/f

ub}{ hfg] xf] . hlt cfjZos xf] Tof] ;a} u/]sf] 5' h:tf] nfUb}g\ . %= s] sfd ug{ ;lsg h:tf]

nfu]sf] 5 < ltg gDa/ If]qdf gbL

s6fgsf] d'Vo ;d:of 5 Tof] /f]syfd ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . csf]{ d'Vo ;d:of ;'s'Daf;Lsf] xf] w]/}sf] cfkm\gf] gfddf hldg 5}g . hf]t ef]u u/]sf] cfkm\gf] hldgsf] :jfldTj lbnfpg] sfd ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . cem klg sn'jf,s'df/jtL{, gf/fo0fL h:tf 7fpFdf vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of 5 . s]xL If]qdf ljBfnosf nflu ejg agfpg'kg]{ 5 Tof] ug'{kg]{ 5 . To;sf nflu sfd ub}{5' . ^= clxn] cfufdL jif{sf] of]hgf

/ ah]6sf nflu ufpF, gu/, lhNnf kl/ifb\x? e}/x]sf 5g\ . To;df oxfFsf of]hgf kfg{ s] ug'{ePsf] 5 <

d}n] ufpF kl/ifb\df ;fyLx?nfO{ of]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf ug'{kg]{ sfdsf]

k|fyldsLs/0fdf Wofg lbg cfu|x u/]sf] 5' . O{nfsf uf]i7Laf6 k7fpg ;xh xf];\ eg]sf] 5' . of]hgfdf kg{sf] nflu ljleGg !$ j6f k|lqmof k'/f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . of]hgf agfpFbf ljz]if Wofg lbg cfu|x u/]sf] 5' . ;d:of htf klg 5g\ . gbL tyf vf]nf s6fg, jghª\un d7dlGb/sf 7fFpdf .&= u/]sf sfdeGbf ug'{kg]{

;d:ofsf rfª w]/} 5g\ . slxn] tL rfª 36\nfg\ <

xf] tkfOF{n] eg]h:tf] ;d:ofsf rfª w]/} 5g\ . tL k'/f ug{ k|oTgzLn / lqmofzLn 5' . ;a} ;dfwfg xf]nfg\ eGg] t nfUb}g t/ hgtfsf clwstd ;d:of s;/L sd ug{ ;lsPnf eg]/ ;f]lr/x]sf] 5' . *= oxfFsf] kf6L{ ;/sf/df 5 of]

a]nf klg Tof] ug{ ;lsPg eg] slxn] ;lsG5 <

;/sf/ cfkm\gf] eP/ x'Fb}g . 3/sf] dflns x'Fb}df k};f 5}g eg] s;/L 3/sf ;a} cfjZostf k'/f x'G5 / < To:t} ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] x'Fb}df ;a} ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}gg\ . (= eg]sf] ;/sf/;Fu k};f g} 5}g

eGg vf]Hg' ePsf] < Psflt/ ;/sf/;Fu

k};f sd 5 csf]{tkm{ To;sf] Joj:yfkg klg gePsf] xf] .

ePsf] k'FhL ;xL 7fpFdf k/]sf] 5}g . csf]{tkm{ xfd|f b]zsf dGqL b]zsf dGqL geP/ cfkm\gf] If]qsf] cfkm\gf sfo{stf{sf] dGqL x'g] u5{g\ . csf]{tkm{ ;/sf/ klg cl:y/ 5 . ag]sf] ;/sf/ klg ;fgf] bfo/fleq dfq s]lGb|t x'g] k/Dk/f 5 . !)= eg]sf] of] ;/sf/ klg

sd{sfl08 ;/sf/ g} xf] < xf]Og, Tof] eGg vf]h]sf]

x}g t/ b]zsf] 6«]08 To:tf] 5 eg]sf] . ljutb]lv g} 5'6\ofPsf] ah]6 klg k|of]u geP/ lk|mh ePsf] t b]Vg'ePsf] g} 5 . csf]{tkm{ of] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ xf] ;a} s'/f k|wfgdGqLn], Pdfn]n] ;f]r]h:tf] sxfF x'G5 / < !! = oxfFsf] If]qdf klg 5'6\ofPsf]

ah]6 lk|mh ePsf] xf] < d]/f] If]qdf To:tf] ePsf]

5}g t/ ;du| b]zsf] cj:yf To:tf] 5 eGg vf]h]sf] xf] . b]zsf 7"nf tyf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] /sd k|of]u geP/ lk|mh x'g] u/]sf] 5 . !@= Ps b'O{ tLg eg]/ eGbf

tkfOF{n] agfPsf] cfufdL jif{sf] nflu of]hgf s] s] 5g\ <

d]/f] If]qsf hgtfsf] d'Vo ;d:ofdf /x]sf ljifo

g} d]/f] k|fyldstfdf /x]sf] 5 . d'Vo s'/f ;8s ;~hfn xf] . bf];|f] s'/f :jf:Yo If]qdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of xf] . csf]{ ljifo cJojl:yt a;f]jf; / gbL s6fg xf]. To;}n] d]/f] k|fyldstfdf klg log} If]qx? 5g\ . !#= oxfFn] /fv]sf oL k|fyldstf

oxL ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf k'/f xf]nfg\ <

oxL ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf g} k'/f xf]nf eGg] 5}g . k'/f ug]{ k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5' . o;k|lt ulDe/ 5' / lqmoflzn klg 5' . !$= t/ tkfOF{sf] kf6L{sf g]tf

tyf k|wfgdGqLn] cfZjf;g t lgs} afF8\g' ePsf] 5 lg <

k|wfgdGqLn] b]zdf b]lvPsf] c;xh kl/l:ylt cGTo ePkl5 oL sfdx? x'g'k5{ eGg vf]Hg' ePsf] xf]nf . !%= t/ kfO{kaf6 Uof; aFf8\5', !

jif{df nf]8;]l8· cGTo u5'{ eGg' ePsf] 5 .

Tof] k'/f x'g ;Sb}g . s'g ;Gbe{ / s;/L eGg'ePsf] xf] yfxf 5}g t/ Uof; kfO{kaf6 aFf8\g] s'/f k'/f x'g ;Sg] ljifo xf]Og . nf]8;]l8· Ps jif{df g} x6\5 eGg] klg dnfO{ nfUb}g . t/ d'n'sdf /fhg}lts qmflGt ;lsof] ca ljsf;df qmflGt ug'{k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

s[i0f kf}8]n gjnk/f;L If]q g+ # sf ;f+;b\\ x'g\ . lj=;+ @)#^ ;fnb]lv sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf kf}8]n, cg]/f:jljo"sf] lhNnf, s]Gb| x'Fb} Pdfn]sf] $ k6s gjnk/f;L lhNnf sld6L ;lrj eP . @)&) ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf gjnk/f;L If]q g+ # af6 lgjf{lrt kf}8]n ;fdfGo hLjgz}nL ePsf ;/n g]tf dflgG5g\ . gjnk/f;L If]q g+ # ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0fn] ! / @ sf] t'ngfdf k5fl8 klg 5 . vf; If]q g+ # sf] ;f+;b\sf ?kdf kf}8]nn] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfnsf] s;/L ;dLIff u5{g\ < ;f+;b\\ kf}8]n;Fu ljho va/sf nflu lnOPsf] cGt/jftf{sf] ;Dkflbt c+z M

sf7df8f}F . cleg]qL z'e]R5f yfkfn] cfkm" ljjfbdf cfPkl5 cfkm"n] cGhfgdf u/]sf] sfdsf] dfkmL dfu]sL 5g\ .

ljxLaf/ af}4 wd{sf kljq Znf]sx? Nf]lvPsf] vfbfn] cfkm\gf of}g cª\u 5f]k]sf] t:aL/ aflx/ cfPkl5 pgL rrf{df dfq} xf]Og ljjfbdf ;d]t cfPsL 5g\ . w]/}n] pgsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ eg] s]xLn] t ufnL;d]t lbPsf 5g\ .

tLj| cfnf]rgf / ufnLa]OHhtL ePkl5 z'e]R5fn] vfbfn] cª\u 5f]k]sf] ef]lnkN6}

z'qmaf/ dfkmL dfu]sL 5g\ . pgn] eg]sL l5Gf\ æWofg gk'¥ofO{ kmf]6f];'6 ubf{ uNtL eof] . vfbfdf dlGb/ 5}g eGg] ;f]r]/ klg o:tf] kmf]6f];'6 u/]sf] x'F .

t/, s'g} hftwd{sf] lj/f]w ug{ o:tf] u/]sL xf]Og .Æ pgn] cfkm"n] cGhfgdf u/]sf] uNtLk|lt Ifdfofrgf dfUg rfx]sf] atfOg\ .

cfufdL df3 @@ af6 k|bz{gdf cfpg nfu]sf] rnlrq ljGbf; # sf] k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu eGb} z'e]R5fn] x6 kmf]6f];'6 u/fPsL lyOg\ .

$ d+unaf/ @* kf}if @)&@ ;fn Tuesday 12 January 2016

snf÷hLjgz}nL

;ftfsf] tl:a/

km];a's kmG8fzAbsf] 8G8fh] b]lvof] Tolx n]lvof]

/rgf

uhn

Indira SapkotadfG5]sf] dg klg k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ h:t} clt k|Hjnglzn x'Fbf] /}5lg c?sf] k|utL / pGgltsf] uGw kfpg] lalQs} hln xfNg] .

Kedar Chapagaincf]nL aa{/fpbf ehg ufpg] ;'o{5fk sfo{stf{sf] dg stL b'Vbf] xf] . ef] cf]nL w]/} gaf]n ;'Gg} 3fx|f] ef] ∕ pvfg 6'Ss] kLPd

Rajan ParajulioxfF g]tfn] rfx] eg] sfo{stf{nfO{ km'6an a'6 nufOlbP/ jn{\8sk 5gf]6 v]n v]Ng d}bfgdf k7fpg] kfj/ /fV5g\. s;}n] lrQ gb'vfP x'G5.

Surya Prakas Bhusalklxn]sf k|wfgdlGq / clxn]sf k|wfgdlGq aLr 7'n} cGt/ 5 lg ====klxn]sfn] cfZjf;g dfq af9] P]n]sfn] t\ cfZjf;g ;lxt xf;f] klg af9L/f5g =====

uNtL eof] dfkm ug'{;\ — yfkf

Ph]G;L . Pp6f cWoogsf cg';f/ dlxgfjf/L k"/f ePsf] kfFrfF}b]lv cf7fF} lbg;Dd dlxnfx?nfO{ of}gsf] rfxgf a9L x'G5 . of] cjlwdf dlxnfnfO{ ;xjf;df a9L cfgGb cfpF5 .

hd{gLsf] o'lgel;{6L ckm a]Dau{gsf cg';Gwftfx¿ Ps xhf/ o'jf / o'jtLdf ;j]{If0fkl5 pko'Qm lgisif{df k'u]sf x'g\ . ;xefuLx¿nfO{ dlxnf;Fu s'g ;do of}g;DaGw /fVbf pgLx¿nfO{ a9L cfgGb cg'e"lt x'G5 eGg]af/] ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . of}g ljz]if1x¿sf cg';f/, dlxgfjf/L k"/f ePsf] kfFrb]lv cf7 lbg;Dd of}gsf] d'8 a9L x'G5 . dlxgfjf/L k"/f ePkl5 of}gsf nflu pQ]lht ug]{ xfdf]{g ;lqmo x'G5 .

cg';Gwftfx¿n] To;

cjlwdf o'jtLx¿sf] dl:tissf] t/ª\udf ;d]t lgs} cWoog u/] . To;cg';f/, dlxgfjf/Lkl5sf] cf7lbgdf x'g] ;xjf;n] a9L /dfOnf] cg'e"lt lbG5 . o:tf] lsg x'G5< kfFrf}Fb]lv cf7f}+}F lbg;Dd ue{wf/0fsf] ;Defjgf a9\5 . To;}n] o; cjlwdf ;Dks{sf] tLj| OR5f hfu[t x'G5 .

Tof] ;j]{If0fdf o'jtLx¿n] dlxgfjf/Lkl5sf kfrf}F lbgb]lv cf7f}F lbg;Dd k"0f{ of}gfgGbsf] rfxgf /fVg] u/]sf] atfP . pgLx¿sfcg';f/, Tof] a]nf kfOg] of}gfgGb cGo lbgsf] bfFhf]df lgs} ;'vb x'G5 . cWoogdf s] klg kfOof] eg], dlxg}lkR5] oL tLg lbg x'g ;xjf;n] j}jflxs hLjgnfO{ a9L /dfOnf] agfpg] /x]5, b'j} kf6{g/aLr eljiodf of}gsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ b"/L klg ga9\g] /x]5 .

s'ga]nf dlxnfnfO{ of}gsf] rfxgf a9L x'G5 <

v} s] eof]< === ;+of]u /]UdL - Psn ofqL _

u}F8fsf]6, gjnk/f;L

=== Eff]hljjz yfkf du/>Ls[i0f u08sL df=lj,

u}F8fsf]6 # 9f]8]gL, gjnk/f;L

;flxTosf] kmfF6df, p7\b}5 9f]8]gL .Gfd'gf ufFp agfpg, h'6\b}5 9f]8]gL ..

Psk6s 9f]8]gL cfP/ t x]g'{;ljsf;af6 slt 6f9f, 5'6\b}5 9f]8]gL

lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL oftfoftdf;DalGwt lgsfon], e'Nb}5 9f]8]gL

æcfkm\gf] ufFp cfkm}F agfpFÆ gf/fdfq} ef]leq leq} cfk;df, km'6\b}5 9f]8]gL

;an / ;Ifd ufpF v} slxn] aGnf/ <aNn aNn Ps b'O{ snd, 3'6\b}5 9f]8]gL

;flxTosf] kmfF6df p7\b}5 9f]8]gLGfd'gf ufpF agfpg, h'6\b}5 9f]8]gL

nfdf] ;km/df lyP,lrgfhfgL eof]ltdL ;+u} lwt df/]/ s'/fsfgL eof]..

sfnf] /ftdf s7} yfx} kfO{g d}n]dg Sof ldNofYof] ldq tfgftfgL eof]..

cfvf gt/ km]/L, uNtL x'b}g cadfkm u/ Tof] e"n t hfgfhfgL eof]..

d t 6f9f sf] dfG5], lr7L n]Vg] u/ltd|f] hjfgLsf] v}< s] sxfgL eof]..

ltd|f] sfVd} 5bf ltdLn] eg]sL lyof},p7 P ldtefifL , ca t laxfgL eof]..

Rohit Bhandari Sukdevk|wfgdGqLHo", xfjfaf6} lah'nL lgsfNg] xf] eg] tkfOFsf] af]nLaf6 lah'nL lgsfnf}+ g cflv/ tkfOFsf] af]nL klg xfjf g} xf] Sof/] .

an];L wf/f ;/L au]sf cfFz'sf] df]n kn]6L j[Qlrqn] u/]sf] Tof] sjf]n,kfkfUgL tfk]/ Efm/]sf] v/fgLlh/]v';f{gL ;Fusf] ;xjf;sf] l;/fgLsf]lsn s07df n'6k'l6Psf] dhfn xfdLaLr ltdLn] la5\ofPsf] ;~hfnknkndf v]lk/x]sf tL ckufnclnslt aFfsL /x]sf] lyu|fdfn'6k'6fO /x]sf] df]xhfncflb—cflb ldn]/ ag]sf] of] ;jfnv} sxfF vf]h"F d s] eg]/ d]/f] xfn<

kn—knsf] k/LIff;Fu} cndlnPsf O{R5fw'k;Fu} pGdflQPsf] ?ksf] ;bLIffkLknkft] sNkgfn] v]n]sf /x/x?;dosf] e'd/Ln] lknfPsf] hx/ ;/LpsfnL cf]/fnL d} lat]sf k|x/x?lgbfPsf rfnx?n] lkmhfPsf kfn;/Lh'd{'/fPsf cfz] Kof;Lx? ;/L5rlNsPsf t/·x? sxfF vf]h' dcNdlnPsf 8f]ax?;Fu}s:tf] 5 d]/f] xfn eg]/<

/f0ffx?sf tfgfaf6 tl;{PsL d, kkofsf] rf]knfO{ uf]/; ;DEfm]/ax'njfb cFufNg cfOk'Ubf ;Ddsfh·x?, ;DEfmgfsf] 5fltdflyd8fl/P/ ef]ufGt/ 5'6\ofpg g;s]sL d, jL/x?sf lj/xL ufyf ;'Gb};Q/Lsf] psfnL r9]F5' t/ klguGtJoxLg ofqf ;Fu} ;nanfPsf;8ssf ls/fx?aLrs;/L egF" d, afFlr/x]5' knkndf d[To' cFufn]/ klg vf]Hb}sfn /fqLdf rfFbLsf] £f]/fnfO{ <<<

=== ltns kGyL æef/åfhÆu}F8fsf]6,gjnk/f;L

cfdfsf] qmGbgsljtf

9f]8]gL

gf/fo0fL lsgf/df /dfpFb} r/fr'?ª\uL . t:jL/ M nId0f sfsL{

slj8fF8fsf] cfof]hgfdf e/tk'/ uf8]{g l/;f]6{df s'6gLlt / /fhgLlt k':tsdfly cGt/lqmof / ;fIffTsf/ sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?nfO{ dfofsf] lrgf] ljt/0f ub}{ n]vs /d]zgfy kf08] . t:jL/M;'gufef a's xfp;

OGwg ljt/0fdf k|x/Lsf] clgoldttf . tl:a/M gljg ;fu/ ;'j]bL

%d+unaf/ @* kf}if @)&@ ;fn Tuesday 12 January 2016

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k'; @% – l;l/ofsf] /Ssfdf lab|f]xL ;+u7g O:nflds :6]6 cfOP;sf] Ps sfo{stf{n] cfkm\gL cfdfsf] xTof u/]sf] 5 . a]nfotL dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yf l;l/og cAh/e]6/L km/ Xo'dg /fO6\; / /Ssf Oh laOª :nf68{ ;fon]G6nL gfds ;+u7gsf sfo{stfn] cfOP;sf] Ps sfo{stf{n] cfkm\gL cfdfsf] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf xTof u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ . cfOP; 5f]8\g cfu|x u/]sf] eGb} @! jif{sf] cfOP; sfo{stf{ cnL ;qmn] $% jif{sL cfdf lng cn

sfl;dsf] xTof u/]sf x'g\ . ;qmn] cfdf sfl;dsf]

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ul/Psf] ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pjd\ ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefusf dxflgb]{zs OlGhlgo/ /d]zk|;fb l;+xn] hfgsf/L lbP .

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k'gMlgdf{0fdf sl/a %) xhf/ tflndk|fKt lgdf{0fsdL{sf] cfjZostf 5 . cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 lgdf{0fsdL{sf] tflnddf Ps?ktf Nofpg e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ejg lgdf{0f tflnd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)&@ :jLs[t ePsf] dGqfnosf

k|jQmf kßs'df/ d}gfnLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o;sf nflu ljefusf] kxndf !@ xhf/ %)) lgdf{0fsdL{nfO{ tflnd lbOPsf] 5, o; jif{ Ps xhf/ lgdf{0fsdL{nfO{ sfnLu9 tflnd lbg] of]hgf 5, !^ ;+:yfnfO{ tflnd lbg :jLs[lt lbOPsf] d}gfnLn] atfP .

lj;+ !*## / !(## df klg af/kfs s]Gb|ljGb' eP/ e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . o; k6s !#( jif{kl5 km]l/ af/kfs s]Gb|ljGb' eP/ e"sDk uPsfn] af/kfsb]lv l;Gw'kfNrf]s / bf]nvf;Ddsf] efudf a:tL /fVg], g/fVg] egL cWoog x'g cfjZos /x]sfdf lj1x?n] atfPsf 5g\ . u[x dGqfnosf ;x;lrj afa'/fd e08f/Ln] e"sDkaf6 k|efljt kfFr nfv b'O{ xhf/ (%# kl/jf/nfO{ Gofgf] sk8fsf nflu ? !) xhf/sf b/n] ;xof]u ul/Psf] atfP . /f;;

/fli6«o k'gMlgdf{0f cleofgsf] z'ef/De df3sf] klxnf] ;ftf sf7df8f}F . k|fylds txdf cGo txsf] eGbf a9L b/aGbL ePsf] sf/0f lzIff dGqfnon] k|fylds txsf] lzIfsnfO{ dflyNnf] sIffdf a9'jf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . dGqfnon] of] k|lqmof k'/f u/]kl5 !) xhf/ lzIfs dflyNnf] txdf hfg ;Sg] 5g\ . z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf lzIfsnfO{ dflyNnf] txdf n}hfg

klqmof ;'? e};s]sf] lzIffdGqL lu/L/fhdl0f kf]v/]nn] atfPsf 5g\ . lzIff ljefun] klg lgdflj / dfljdf a9'jf ug{ of]Uo lzIfssf] tYof° ;+sng ;'? u/]sf] 5 . :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ u/]sf lzIfs klg k|fylds txdf /x]sfn] pgLx?nfO{ dflyNnf] txdf a9'jf ug{ nfu]sf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .

k|fylds txsf lzIfssf] a9'jfsf] x'g]

sf7df8f}F . lzIffdGqL lu/L/fhdl0f kf]v/]nn] cab]lv lzIfsn] kf6L{ ;b:otf lng gkfpg] atfPsf 5g\ .

lzIfsx?n] kf6L{sf] eft[ ;+:yfsf JolQmsf ¿kdf sfd ug]{ u/]sf sf/0f lzIffdf g]kfnn] vf;} k|ult gu/]sf] atfpFb} dGqL kf]v/]nn] eg] kf6L{sf dfG5] eg]/ lrgfpg'eGbf cfkm"nfO{ lzIfs eg]/ lrgfpg';\ . xftdf em08f xf]Og snd af]Sg cfu|x u/] . casf]

s]xL lbgdf lzIfsn] kf6L{ ;b:otf lng gkfpg] u/L cg'udg tyf klqmof ;'? ul/g] kf]v/]nsf] bfaL 5 . kf]v/]nn] eg]– ælzIff If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofnfO{ gLltut ¿kd} kl/jt{g u/]/ 5f8\5'.Æ Vff]6fu+sf] Ps sfo{qmddf PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf ;lrj;d]t /x]sf dGqL kf]v/]nn] lzIff kl/jt{g sf] dfWod ePsf]n] lzIfsx?n] cfkm\gf]] k];fnfO{ glthfd"ns agfpg' kg]{ atfP .

em08f xf]Og snd af]Sg';\ M lzIffdGqL kf]v/]n

ljZj km'6an dxf;+3 lkmkmfn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] kl5Nnf] jl/otfdf g]kfn !(^ cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . lkmkmf jl/otfdf xfn @)( /fi6« ;"rLs[t /x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfneGbf tn ca !# /fi6« dfq} 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do nuftf/ v/fa k|bz{g ul//x]sf] g]kfnL km'6an v]n

ljZj jl/otfdf emg} vl:sPsf] 5 . o;cl3 g]kfn !(@ cf}F :yfgdf lyof] eg] >Ln+sf blIf0f PlzofnL /fi6«dWo] ;a}eGbf tn !($ cfF}+ :yfgdf lyof] .

g]kfnn] kl5Nnf] !@ cGt/f{li6«o v]ndf lht xft kfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g eg] oL v]ndf hDdf ! uf]n dfq} u/]sf] 5 .

o'/f]lkog km'6an dxf;+3sf] ;g\ @)!% sf] jif{ km'6an l6ddf afl;{nf]gfsf % v]nf8L k/]sf 5g\ .

o'/f]lkog km'6an dxf;+3 -o'Pkmf_ n] ;g\ @)!% sf] jif{ km'6an l6d 3f]if0ff u/]sf] o'Pkmf jif{ km'6an l6ddf :k]lg; Sna afl;{nf]gfsf ;jf{lws % v]nf8L lnof]gn d];L, g]df/, cfGb|] OgP:tf, h]/f8{ kLs] / 8fgL PNe]; /x]sf 5g\

. o:t}, csf]{ :k]lg; Sna l/on dl8«8af6 lqmlZrofgf] /f]gfN8f], xfd]z /f]l8«Uj]h / ;lh{of] /fdf];n] 6f]nLdf :yfg agfPsf 5g\ .

o'Pkmfsf] j]a;fO6df ;dy{sx?n] ug]{ dtbfgsf cfwf/df 3f]if0ff ul/g] jif{ km'6an l6ddf o;k6s :k]lg; Snasf ;jf{lws * v]nf8Ln] :yfg agfpFbf O+lUn; lk|ldo/ Snasf s'g} klg v]nf8L kg{ ;s]gg\ .

e/tk'/ . lrq;f/L t]SjfGbf] 8f]hfªn] cfkmgf] !$ cf}+ jflif{s pT;jsf] cj;/ kf/]/ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kbs ljh]tf v]nf8LnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 .

/Tggu/ % lrq;f/Ldf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kbs ljh]tf !) hgf v]nf8LnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] xf] .8f]hfªn] t]SjfGbf]sf cGt/{fli6«o kbs ljh]tf eLd;]g bhL{, ljdnf bgf{n tyf lrtjgnfO{ klxnf]

cGt/f{li6«o :j0f{ kbs lbnfpg ;kmn s'd/f]h t]Sjfbf] 8f]hfªsL zLnf u'?ªnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] xf] .

To;}u/L ;a} eGbf a9L kbs ljh]tf lsG;' >]i7, ;'lht yklnof / ;'lbk yklnof tyf lrq;f/L t]SjfGbf] 8f]hfªsf ;+:yfks v]nf8Lx? hgs kl/of/, wd{/fd rf}w/L, n]vgfy lu/L, ;'jf; tfdfªnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs cdg u'?ªn] hfgsf/L lbP .

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly

lrtjg lhNnf t]SjfGbf] ;+3sf cWoIf k'ik/fh hf]zL / lrq;f/L t]SjfGbf] 8f]hfªsf k|d'v ls/0f >]i7n] ;o'Qm ?kdf v]nf8LnfO{ sb/kq / d]8nn] ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP .

sfo{qmddf t]SjfGbf] dfkm{t v]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf of]ubfg u/]sf] eGb} lrq;f/L t]SjfGbf] 8f]hfªsf k|d'v tyf cGt/f{li6«o k|lzIfs ls/0f >]i7nfO{ lrq;f/L o'jf v]ns'b ;ldltn] ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 .

jif{ km'6an l6ddf afl;{nf]gfs} % v]nf8L

kbs ljh]tf v]nf8LnfO{ ;Ddfg

g]kfn ! ;o (^ cf}+ :yfgdf

^ ;xsf/L÷cfly{s d+unaf/ @* kf}if @)&@ ;fn Tuesday 12 January 2016

u}F8fsf]6 . lr;f]af6 s7\ofª\lu|Psf ljs6 nf]y/sf r]kfª ;d'bfonfO{ u}F8fsf]6sf Ps o'jfn] ;f9] # nfv a/fa/sf] Gofgf] n'uf ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ .

ci6«]lnofdf a:b} cfPsf u}F8fsf]6 @ lgjf;L ;Gb]z kf}8]nn] nf]y/sf r]kfª ;d'bfonfO{ ;xof]usf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf x'g\ . kf}8]nsf] ;xof]uaf6 nf]y/–&, :ofd/fªsf *^ 3/ kl/jf/n]

AnfÍ]6 / :nLlkª Aofu tyf !^^ hgf ljBfyL{x?n] Gofgf] n'uf / pgLsf] 6f]kL kfPsf x'g\ . kf}8]nn] cfkm"n] sfd ug]{ /]i6'/]G6 skmLrqmÚ df bfgk]l6sfdfkm{t\ ;+sng u/]sf] # nfv $) xhf/ ?k}Fofn] vl/b u/]sf] Gofgf] n'uf / !)) yfg AnfÍ]6 k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] . xfdLn] gu/] s;n] ug]{ <Ú cleofg cGtu{t kf}8]nn] :ofd/fªdf ;xof]u u/]sf x'g\ .

;xof]u ug{ k'u]sf kf}8]nsf afa' rt'e'{h kf}8]nn] jf:tljs e"sDkk|efljts} 3/ k'u]/ /fxt ljt/0f ug{ kfpFbf hLjgs} 7"nf] k"0o u/] a/fa/sf] ;Gtf]if ldn]sf] atfP . /fxt ljt/0f sfo{qmddf afa';Fu} kf}8]nsL >LdtL ljgL / alxgL >Lof;d]t ;xeflu ePsf lyP .

ut j}zfvdf uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkkl5 /fxt ljt/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] ci6«]lnofdf /sd ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . kf}8]nn] /]i6'/]G6 cfPsf u|fxsx?n] :jt:km"t{ lbPsf] bfgn] g]kfnsf e"sDkk|efljtnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;kmn ePsf] atfP .

To:t} pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3–lrtjgdfkm{t\ sk8f Joj;foL ;+3n] pknAw u/fPsf] () yfg :nLlkª Aofu ;+:yfsf cleoGtfx?n] ljt/0f u/]sf 5g\ . hf8f]sf] n'uf kfPkl5 ljkGg r]kfªx? v';L ePsf 5g\ .

Uf}F8fsf]6sf kf}8]nåf/f ;f9] # nfv ;xof]u

lrtjg . pBf]uLx?sf] ;femf ;+:yf lrtjg pBf]u ;+3n] k|To]s b'O{–b'O{ jif{df cfof]hgf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k|bz{gL o;k6s klg cfof]hgf ub}{5 . clxn] k|bz{gLsf] tof/L ;'? eO{;s]sf] 5 .

oxL df3df ;~rfng x'g] /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k|bz{gL cl3Nnf jif{x?df eGbf leGg vfnsf] x'g] ePsf] 5 . utjif{x?df cf}Bf]lus k|bz{gL tyf Jofkf/ d]nfsf ?kdf ;~rfng x'g] u/]sf]df o;jif{ jf:tljs cf}Bf]lus k|bz{gLsf ?kdf ug{ nfluPsf] lrtjg pBf]u ;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 .

df3 @! ut]b]lv @& ut];Dd e/tk'/df x'g] k|bz{gLdf o;jif{ utjif{x?df h:tf] afn pBfg / ljz]if ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmdx? x'g] 5}gg\ . o;jif{ vf;u/L pBf]u / ;f];Fu ;DalGwt k|bz{gLnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg] lrtjg pBf]u ;+3sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{Zfs o'u/fh a:tLn] hfgsf/L lbP . lrtjgdf :yflkt s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt Joj;fosf] klg ljz]if kl/;/ tyf :6n /xg] 5 . lrtjg pBf]u ;+3n] @)^^ ;fnb]lv k|To]s @ jif{df cf}Bf]lus k|bz{gL tyf d]nfsf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

u}F8fsf]6 . lqzlQmgu/ 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldltsf] rf}Fyf] clwj]zg tyf ;ftfF} ;fwf/0f ;efn] 3gZofd s+8]nsf] cWoIftfdf ( ;b:oLo sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf s[i0f ;fksf]6f, ;lrjdf cf]d k|;fb k/fh'nL, sf]iffWoIfdf kfj{tL ;fksf]6f, ;x;lrjdf g/dfof cfn] rog x'g'ePsf] 5 .

o:t} ;b:ox?df lqj]0fL k|;fb zdf{, sf]lknf clwsf/L, af;'b]j cfrfo{, cf]d axfb'/ k'g /xg' ePsf] 5 . o:t} ;Nnfxsf/ ;b:ox?df jl/i6 ;Nnfxfsf/

b'uf{lht s'j/sf] ;+of]hsTjdf & ;b:oLo ;Nnfxfsf/ ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] ;b:ox?df d]3gfy ltjf/L, nfn'dfof bnf{dL, uf]kfn k|;fb ;fksf]6f, zflGt b]jL Gof}kfg], xl/ZrGb| k/fh'nL / u/Lk|;fb kf08] /xg'ePsf] 5 . o:t} ;"o{ k|;fb k/fh'nLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf % ;b:oLo cg'udg tyf d"Nofs+g ;ldlt klg u7g ul/Psf] 5 . d"Nofs+g ;ldltsf] ;b:odf 6]saxfb'/ cfn], OGb|nIdL kf}8]n, dxfb]jL s§]n, jL/]Gb|/fh jfUn] /x]sf] cWoIf 3gZofd s+8]nn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

lqzlQmgu/sf] ;ftf}F ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg

/fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k|b{zgL df3 clGtd ;ftf

Gfjnk/f;L . /hx/ dWojtL{ jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 /hx/n] !# cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef zlgaf/ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .

dWojtL{ If]qLo Joj:yfkg ;ldtLsf cWoIf dw's/ dNnsf] k|d'v cfltYotf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ljleGg sfof{nosf k|d'v, z]o/ ;b:o, /fhgLlts bnx?sf k|ltlgwL, a'l4lhjL, ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfs k|ltlglw nufPsf] pn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df ;+:yfsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] bh{gf}F

JolQmx?nfO{ ;Ddfg;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . ;+:yfsf c;n jrtstf{ , pTs[i6 afn jrtstf{ , c;n u[x0fL jrtstf{, c;n k'?if jrt stf{, c;n j[4f jrtstf{ /fd|f] sfd ug]{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] xf] . ;+:yfn] aflif{s (* nfv &! xhf/ ̂ ;o $* ?k}ofF (@ k};fsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

;+:yfsf cWoIf lutf kf}8]nsf] cWoIftf /x]sf] sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf ;lrj eujtL Gof}kfg]n] cfufdL jif{sf] /0fgLlt ;Fu} o; jif{ ePsf] k|ultsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sL lyOg\ .

u}F8fsf]6 . ljgfos s[lif ;xsf/L u}F8fsf]6n] cfkm\gf] 5}7f}F ;fwf/0f;ef u/]sf] 5 .

zlgaf/ ;+:yfsf] kl/if/ u}F8fsf]6 * df u/]sf] ;fwf/0f;efn] ;lrj ltnsk|;fb sF8]nn] k|:t't u/]sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg, sf]iffWoIf l6sf/fd ;'j]bLn] k|:t't u/]sf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg / n]vf;ldltsf ;+of]hs rGb|dl0f kf}8]nn] k|:t't u/]sf] n]vf;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .

;+:yfsf cWoIf 7fs'/ k|;fb ;fksf]6fsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] ;fwf/0f;efdf sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 gjnk/f;Lsf

;lrj ltnsk|;fb k/fh'nL, s[lif ;fdu|L ;+:yfg sfjf;f]tLsf k|d'v /]jtL /d0f nD;fn, ljs" jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;x–;lrj uf]ljGb l/dfn, ls;fg jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf sf]iffWoIf lrGtfdl0f sF8]n, u}F8fsf]6 ;fsf];sf cWoIf k|]d ;fksf]6f, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3sf ;b:o s]zjk|;fb ;fksf]6f nufotn] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP .

pgLx?n] s[ifsx?sf nflu dnljpm ;xh?kdf k|fKt ug{ / s[ifssf pkhnfO{ ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpg s[lif ;xsf/L cfjZos /x]sf] atfPsf lyP .

ljgfos s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] 5}6f}F ;fwf/0f;ef

/hx/ dWojtL{ ;xsf/Ldf (( nfvsf] sf/f]af/

lrtjgsf] /Tggu/ l:yt k|:tfljt If]qLo /+uzfnfdf o;kfnL x'g nfu]sf] /Tggu/ dxf]T;j pmhf{ ljz]if agfO{g] ePsf] 5 .

b]zdf pmhf{sf] ;+s6 e}/x]sf a]nf j}slNks pmhf{sf] af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ ub}{ gofF k|ljlwaf/] :yflgo / Joj;foLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg pmhf{ ljz]if agfpg nfluPsf] dxf]T;j d]nf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs clgns[i0f >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbP . j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb| Psr/0fsf] 5nkmn ePsf] / ljleGg j}slNks pmhf{sf ;fdu|L tyf pTkfbgx? k|bz{g x'g] kSsf ePsf] >]i7n] atfP .

pmhf{;Fu} s[lif / ko{6g;d]t k|fyldstfsf ;fy k|bz{g ug{ nfluPsf] dxf]T;j d'n cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;+of]hs 1fgaxfb'/ lj;'/fnn] atfP . cfufdL df3 !$ ut]af6 @$ ;Dd dxf]T;j ug{ nfluPsf] 5 .

/Tggu/ dxf]T;j df3 !$ af6

;xsf/Llar PsLs/0f cfjZos /x]sf] cfh u}F8fsf]6df af]Ng] ;xsf/LsdL{x?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

zlgaf/ lxdr'nL jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf u}F8fsf]6 !sf] % cfF} ;fwf/0f;efdf af]Ng] clwsf+zn] ;xsf/Lsf] u'0ffTds ljsf;sf nflu PsLs/0f ckl/xfo{ /x]sf] atfPsf x'g\ .

;fwf/0f;efdf af]Nb} ;xsf/L ;dGjo d~r u}F8fsf]6sf cWoIf j]bk|;fb uf}8]nn] u}F8fsf]6 If]qdf 5l/P/ /x]sf ;xsf/L Ps x'g] xf] eg] ;Dk'0f{ ;xsf/Lsf ;b:ox? nfeflGjt x'g] atfP . pgn] ;xsf/L PsLs/0fsf nflu b]zJofkL?kdf cleofg rnfOPsfn] of] cleofgdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ gu'dfpg ;a}nfO{ cfu|x u/] .

;fwf/0f;efdf :jfledfg

jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf kf]if0f/fh ;'j]bL, uF}8fsf]6 ;fsf];sf pkfWoIf tf/fgfy nfld5fg], ;+ud ;fsf];sf pkfWoIf emnssfhL kf}8]nn] dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . pgLx?n] ;xsf/L PsLs/0fsf] cleofg u}F8fsf]6 ! af6 ;'? ug{ klg cfu|x u/] . u}F8fsf]6 ! / @ df /x]sf ^ j6f ;xsf/L PsLs/0f u/L Pp6f agfP/ pbfx/0f k|:t't ug{'{kg]{ atfPsf x'g\ .

;fwf/0f;efn] ;lrj w'|j clwsf/Ln] k|:t't u/]sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg / sf]iffWoIf s[i0fk|;fb zdf{n] k|:t't u/]sf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg kfl/t u/]sf] 5. UfF}8fsf]6 ! df /x]sf] lxdr'nL jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf xfn @^* hgf ;]o/ ;b:o / sl/a % nfv z]o/k'FhL /x]sf] 5 .

;xsf/LaLr PsLs/0f cfjZos

u}F8fsf]6 . uF}8fsf]6 jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln+ -uF}8fsf]6 ;fsf];_n] u}F8fsf]6 gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= # xlb{l:yt df}nf b]jL k|f=lj=df cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lr;f]af6 arfpg Gofgf] n'uf lat/0f u/]sf] 5 .

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf /fdaxfb'/ Gof}kfg]sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmd uF}8fsf]6 ;fsf];sf cWoIf k|]daxfb'/ u'?ª, ;lrj b]j/fh kf}8]n, ;~rfns ;ldlt ;b:o >L/fd e§/fO{, s'n k|;fb kf08], hfgdfof l;Ub]n, n]vf tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;ldlt ;b:o lu/L/fh pkfWofo, C0f pk–;ldlt ;b:o ;Ltf Gof}kfg], Joj:yfks /fdrGb|

;'j]bLsf] pkl:ylt / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, cleefjs, lzIfs lzlIfsf / ljBfyL{x?sf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .

;+:yfsf ;~rfns tyf cGo pk–;ldltx?n] ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ug]{ a}7s vr{af6 s]xL /sd ;+:yfsf] Gofgf] sf]ifdf hDdf u/L To;df s]xL /sd ;+:yfn] yk ub}{ ljkGg ljBfyL{x?sf] nflu o; k|sf/sf] dfgjLo ;xof]u sfo{s|ddf ;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf] / uF}8fsf]6 ;fsf]; ;d'bfosf ;a} afl;Gbfx?sf] ;'v b'Mvdf ;b}j ;fy /xL ;xsfo{ ug]{ u/]sf] hfgsf/L ;+:yfsf Joj:yfks /fdrGb| ;'j]bLn] lbP .

Af}7s vr{ s6fP/ ljBfyL{nfO{ Gofgf] n'uf ljt/0f

u} F8fsf ]6.cd/fk '/Ldf /x]sf] 5xf/L jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 !( cf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . zlgaf/ ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] !* cf}F ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg u/]sf] xf] .

c d / f k ' / L s f ] k~rHof]tL lgdfljsf] k|fª\u0fdf ePsf] ;fwf/0f;efdf k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ub}{ ;lrj s]zj clwsf/Ln] ;+:yfn] z]o/ ;b:o / ;]o/ k'FhL a9fpg] atfP . ;fwf/0f;efdf cfly{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't ub}{ sf]iffWoIf zf]ef lu/L n] ;+:yfn] ! s/f]8sf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf] / ;]o/ k'FhL !( nfv k'u]sf] hfgsf/L lbP .

sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltly u}F8fsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t jb|L k|;fb ltjf/Ln] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu pBdlzntf ljsf;df hf]8

lbg'kg]{ atfP . ;fwf/0f;efdf ;+:yfks cWoIf lji0f'k|;fb sF8]n, ;dfh;]jL t]h]Gb|k|;fb ;fksf]6f, hgd'vL SofDk;sf SofDk; k|d'v s]zj l3ld/] nufotn] z'esfdgf dGtJo /fv]sf lyP . ;+:yfsf cWoIf /fdk|sfz l;Ub]nsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] ;fwf/0f;ef z]o/ ;b:on] k'/fgf] ;+:yf eP/ klg ;+:yfn] pNn]Vo k|ult ug{ g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . pgLx?n] z]o/k'FhL j[l4 u/L ;+:yfsf] bL3{sfnLg ljsf; ug{ ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP .

lj ;+ @)%# ;fndf :yflkt 5xf/L jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf xfn ()) ;]o/ ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ . d's'Gbk'/ b]lv k|ultgu/;Dd sfo{If]q /x]sf] ;+:yf u}F8fsf]6sf] k'/fgf] ;xsf/L ;+:yf dflgG5 .

5xf/L ;fsf]; !( cf}F jif{dfUf}F8fsf]6 . lzjzlQm

b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8sf] !^ cf}F;fwf/0f ;efdf ;b:ox?n] Jofj;flos s[ifs tyf kz' k|jw{gfTds sfo{qmdsf] yfngL ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ .

sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf cWoIf xl/s[i0f l/dfnn] k|fKt ;'emfjnfO{ dgg u/L ;+:yf cl3 a9\g] k|ltlqmof lbP . u}F8fsf]6 & zLtngu/df /x]sf] ;+:yfsf] ;f]daf/ ;DkGg ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|d'v cltly lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no gjnk/f;Lsf kz' ljsf; clws[t wg]Zj/ vgfn /x]sf lyP . ;fwf/0f ;efdf ;+:yfsf] z]o/ k'FhL % nfv k'u]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg sf]iffWoIf gGbsnL s+8]n / k|ult k|ltj]bg ;lrj od'gfy s+8]nn] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df Jofkf/tkm{ @ s/f]8sf]

sf/f]af/ u/]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{tsf] dlxifkfng ljsf; s]Gb| pkcfof]hgfsf] klxnf] ls:tf vr{ ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fOof] .

klxnf] ls:tfdf k|fKt sl/a ;f9] #& nfv vr{ ePsf] ;+:yfsf Joj:yfks /fh]Gb| kf}8]nn] atfP . pgn] k|ToIf tkm{ @) hgf ls;fgn] uf]7 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;d]t atfP . kf}8]nsfg';f/ bf];|f] ls:tfsf] /sdaf6 klg @) hgf ls;fgsf] uf]7 lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 . ;fwf/0f ;efdf pTs[i6 b'Uw lalqm ug]{ !) hgf ;b:onfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

o:t} u}F8fsf]6df /x]sf] ;xdlt g]kfnnfO{ b'Uw ahf/ k|jw{gdf ;xof]u u/]sf sf/0f k|z+l;t;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+:yfsf cWoIf xl/s[i0f l/dfnsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

lzjzlQmdf @ s/f]8sf] sf/f]af/

&d+unaf/ @* kf}if @)&@ ;fn Tuesday 12 January 2016

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Od]nM ganeshpdl01@gmail.com

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gjnk/f;L . Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf dxf;lrj Pj+ k"j{ pkk|wfg tyf u[xdGqL s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] hgo'4sfnLg d'4f :jtM vf/]h x'g'kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . ljxLaf/ cfd dfkmL gx'g] km};nf ;jf]{Rrn] u/]sf] lyof] . tTsfnLg /fhg}lts bnx?n] ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffsf] cj;/df ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff x'g'eGbf cufl8sf ;a} d'4fx? Vff/]h x'g'kg]{ ;xdlt ePsfn] tL d'4fx? vf/]h x'g'kg]{ atfP . qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3 gjnk/f;Ln] z'qmaf/ sfjf;f]tLdf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} pgn] o:tf] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . k"j{ pkk|wfg tyf u[xdGqL;d]t /x]sf dx/fn] dw];L df]rf{;Fu eO/x]sf] jftf{ ;sf/fTds ePsf] klg atfP . pgn] df]rf{af6 !! a'Fb] dfu cfP klg jftf{ %÷& j6f a'Fbfdf s]lGb|t x'g] / d'Vo ;Ldfª\sg ;DalGw s'/fx?df g} jftf{ s]lGb|t x'g] atfP .

åGbsfnLg d'4f :jtM vf/]h x'g'k5{ – dx/f

lrtjg . ljZjd} nf]kf]Gd'v kf6] af3sf] cfxf/f k|hflt, jf;:yfg / cj:yf kQf nufpg lrtjg lgs'~h / cf;kf; If]qdf cg'udg z'? ePsf] 5 . ljleGg If]qdf km/s km/s ;+:yfn] k|fljlwsx? kl/rfng u/]/ cg'udg yfn]sf] lrtjg lgs'~hsf ;"rgf clwsf/L tyf ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[t l6sf/fd kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbP .

kf}8]nsf cg';f/ /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifn] lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]q / sf]l/8f]/df cg'udg yfn]sf] 5 . o:t} lgs'~hsf] klZrd If]qdf

6fO{u/ 6«i6 g]kfnn] / lgs'~hsf] dWoIf]qdf lrtjg lgs'~hn] cg'udg ug]{ kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbP .

clxn] /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifn] eg] a/08fef/ If]qdf cg'udg yfln;s]sf] lgs'~hn] hgfPsf] 5 . cg'udgn] af3sf] ;+/If0fdf b]lvPsf ;d:of klxrfg ug]{ / To;sf] cfwf/df ;+/If0fsf /0fgLlt agfOg] kf}8]nn] atfP . ljZjd} lrtjg lgs'~h af3 ;+/If0fdf pTs[i6 ePafkt ‘Sof6\; cjf8’;d]t kfPsfn] pQm ul/df arfO{ /fVg;d]t lgs'~hnfO{ r'gf}tL 5 .

b'n{e kf6]af3sf] cg'udg z'? sfjf;f]tL .

gjnk/f;Lsf] Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no sfjf;f]tLaf6 rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] % dlxgfsf] cjlwdf s/La @% k|ltzt dlxnfn] /fxbfgL lnPsf 5g\ . kfFr dlxgfdf % xhf/ @ ;o (& hgfn] /fxbfgLsf nflu cfj]bg e/]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] ;fwf/0f ;]jfaf6 & ;o #& hgf dlxnf / @ xhf/ ( ;o * hgf k'?if u/L # xhf/ ^ ;o $% hgfn] cfj]bg e/]sf x'g . o:t} b|'t ;]jftkm{ !^ ;o %@ hgfn] cfj]bg e/]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] % ;o $^ dlxnf tyf !! ;o ^ hgf k'?if /x]sf 5g\ . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] >fj0fb]lv d+l;/ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf !@ ;o *# hgf dlxnf / $ xhf/ !$ hgf k'?ifn] /fxbfgL ;]jfsf nflu cfj]bg e/]sf] Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no sfjf;f]tLsf gfoj ;'Aaf afa'/fd kf}8]nn] atfP . kf}8]nsf cg';f/ >fj0f dlxgfdf dfq} @ ;o #) dlxnf / * ;o @$ hgf k'?ifn] u/L ! xhf/ %$ hgfn] /fxbfgL ;]jfsf nflu cfj]bg e/]sf 5g\ .

o:t} efb| dlxgfdf @ ;o ^( hgf dlxnf / & ;o !% hgf k'?if u/L ( ;o *$ hgf, cflZjg dlxgfdf @ ;o & hgf dlxnf / & ;o ^! hgf k'?if u/L ( ;o ^* hgfn] /fxbfgL ;]jfsf nflu cfj]bg e/]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L sflQs dlxgfdf @ ;o %$ hgf dlxnf / ^ ;o (! hgf k'?if u/L ( ;o $% hgf eg] d+l;/ dlxgfdf # ;o #@ hgf dlxnf / ! xhf/ @# hgf k'?if u/L !# ;o $^ hgfn] /fxbfgL ;]jfsf nflu cfj]bg e/]sf] gfoj ;'Aaf kf}8]nn] atfP . % dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ;a}eGbf w]/} d+l;/ dlxgfdf !# ;o $^ hgfn] /fxbfgL lnPsf 5g\ eg] sflQs dlxgfdf ;a}eGbf sd ( ;o $% hgfn] /fxbfgL lnPsf 5g . o;}aLr /fxbfgL ;]jf afkt Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no sfjf;f]tLn] @ s/f]8 @! nfv % xhf/ ?k}Fof /fhZj /sd ;+sng u/]sf] kf}8]nn] atfP . of] /sd >fj0fb]lv kf}if dlxgfsf] @) ut];Dd ;+sng ePsf] kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbP .

lrtjg . qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3 lrtjg zfvfn] zlgaf/ Pdfcf]jfbL kf6L{ sfof{no s[i0fk'/df cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} Pdfcf]jfbL sf]iffWoIf;d]t /x]sf s[lifdGqL uh'/]nn] dfcf]jfbL ;'lw|Fb} uPsf] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . kf6L{df ls/0fhL / afa'/fdhL aflxl/Pkl5 kf6L{ /fd|f] ePsf] bfaL ub}{ kf6L{;d]t ag]sf] pgn] atfP . dfcf]jfbL g;'lb|P kl/j{tg gx'g] lhls/ ub}{ lj:tf/ ;a} dfcf]jfbL Psh'6 eO{ b]z kl/j{tg x'g] pgsf] egfO lyof] . s[lif dGqfno km'6]sfn] s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;df k|efj k/]sf] eGb} pgn] s[lif qmflGtsf nflu dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] k|ltj4tfcg';f/ sfd x'g] pgsf] egfO lyof] . hgck]Iffcg';f/ ;/sf/n] sfd ug{ g;s]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ .

gjnk/f;L . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;xdxfdGqL k"0f{axfb'/ v8\sfn] b]zsf] clxn]sf] hl6n ;d:of ;a} bn Psh'6 eO{ ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . v8\sfn] clxn] t/fO{df hf/L cfGbf]ngk|lt ;ª\s]t ub}{ cfGbf]n/t dw]zjfbL bn;lxt ;a} ;fgf 7"nf bnsf] ;xdlt / ;xsfo{df b]znfO{ lgsf; lbg'kg]{ atfP .

g]kfn k|]; o'lgog gjnk/f;L zfvfn] zlgaf/ ;fFem /fdgu/ e'dxLdf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} g]tf v8\sfn] o:tf] atfPsf x'g\ . o; cufj} * k6s;Dd ljleGg dGqfnosf] lhDd]jf/L lnO;s]sf v8\sfn] cfufdL lbgdf dGqL kbdf ga:g] pb\3f]if u/] . nfesf ;a} kb glng] pb\3f]if ug'{ ePsf] xf] eGg] kqsf/x?sf] lh1f;fdf sfFu]|; g]tf v8\sf cGo kbsf] ljifodf s'g} s'/f gaf]nL dGqL kb glng] pb\3f]if u/]s]f atfP .

Pdfcf]jfbL ;'lw|of] M uh'/]n

ca d dGqL alGbg M v8\sf

Gfjnk/f;Ldf /fxbfgL lng] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9\b}

sf7df8f}+ . k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf 3/ 3/df kfOknfOgåf/f Uof; k'¥ofpg] atfPsf 5g\ . g]skf Pdfn] /fhwfgL ljz]if ;dGjo sld6Lsf] e]nfdf k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] Uof;sf] l;lnG8/ af]s]/ ;8sdf bf}8g'kg]{ o'usf] cGTo ug]{ atfP .

æUof;sf l;ln08/ sfFwdf af]s]/, df]6/;fOsndf af]s]/, ;fOsndf af]s]/ s'b\g' kb}{gÆ z'qmaf/ ePsf] sfo{qmddf k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] eg] æl;ln08/sf] km]h ;dfKt ul/lbG5', 3/–3/df, r'Nxf]–r'Nxf]df kfOk k'¥ofOlbG5', lkl6Ss vf]Nbfv]l/ l;ln08/af6 cfpF5 lg Uof;, ca kfOkaf6 cfpF5 .Æ Uof;sf] a'n]6 cfof] cfPg, l;ln08/ kfof] ls kfPg, s'g l;ln08/ stf eGg] emGem6 Joxf]g{' gkg]{ eGb} cf]nLn] eg]] æPp6f ld6/ 6fFl;lbg] leQfdf hlt afNg'x'G5, afNg';\ .Æ cfkm"n] ug{ nfu]sf sfd b]v]/ lj/f]wLx? cflQg yfln;s]sf] eGb} k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] s]xL ;dod} d'n'ssf] OGwg ;+s6 ;dfKt kfg]{ bfaL u/]] .

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cyjf klqsfdf n]lvPsf ljifodf xfdLnfO{ k|ltlqmof lbg rfxg'x'G5 .

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ljb]z hfg] clwsf+zdf k};f af]6}df l6Kg ;lsG5 eGg] vfnsf] e|d x'G5 . Dofgkfj/x?n] klg To;}u/L cfz b]vfpF5g\ . To;}sf] nf]edf hlt klg nufgL u/]/ dflg;x? ljb]z k'U5g\ . :jb]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gkfpFbf ljb]z hfg' w]/}sf] /x/ geP/ afWotf klg xf] . t/, ljb]zdf ;f]lrPh:tf] sdfO x'Fb}g . ;xfos lgb]{zs kf}8]n eG5g\ . sfddf cfTd;Gt'li6 gldn]kl5 dfgl;s?kdf sdhf]/ ePsfx? l8k|]zgdf hfG5g\ / cfTdxTofsf] af6f] /f]H5g\ .

cfTdxTof ug]{ csf]{ k|d'v sf/0f ToxfF sfddf

x'g] v6fO klg xf] . vf8Lsf] sfg'g / ToxfFsf ;fdflhs kl/j]z;Fu jfSs lbSs x'g]n] klg cfTdxTof ug]{ u/]sf] kf}8]]nn] atfP . cfkm"n] sdfPsf] k};f ;b'kof]u ePg eg] klg o'jfx? ljb]zdf la/lQmG5g\ . >Ldfg\ jf >LdtL;Fu} gePkl5 ljleGg lsl;dsf kfl/jfl/s lju|x / c;dembf/Lx? cufl8 cfpg ;S5g\, h;nfO{ y]Ug g;Sg]x?n] cfTdxTof /f]Hg] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

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cl3Nnf] jif{ dfq} lhlj;af6 ! nfv %^ xhf/ * ;o (^, ;fljs u}F8fsf]6 uflj;af6 ! nfv $& xhf/ & ;o %) / gGbg ;fd'bflos jgaf6 ! nfv ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] ;ldtLn] hgfPsf] 5 . Tof] /sdn] af6f] u|fa]n u/]sf] ;lrj zfxLn] atfP . pgn] s]xL /sd df]xLaf6 p7fpg afFsL /x]klg ! nfv @% xhf/ ( ;o #% ?k}Fof ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] atfP .

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sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL a|Xds'df/L /fhof]u ;]jf s]Gb|sL If]qLo lgb]{lzsf /fhof]lugL nIdLn] ;d'bfosf ;a} JolQm ldNg] xf] eg] h'g;'s} sfdn] k"0f{tf kfpg] atfOg . sfo{qmddf gf/fo0fL ;fd'bflos jgsf cWoIf vu/fh ;fksf]6f, dlxnf ;~hfnsL cWoIf /]vf kf}8]n, ;dfh;]jL b|f]0f ag, s?0ff;fu/ ;'j]bL nufotn] :yfgLosf] sfdsf] k|z+;f u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmd ;kmn dlxnf ljsf; d~rsf cWoIf cd[tf zdf{ s+8]nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf x'g] kl/kf6L /x]sf]n] sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] ;?jf x'g lbg gx'g] ts{;d]t /fv]sf lyP . gu/kl/ifb\df pTsi6 sd{rf/L ;lxt gu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;df ljlzi6 of]ubfg lbg] Ps bh{g JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

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g]kfn /fi6«a+}saf6 ‘3’ ju{sf] O{hfht k|fKt ljQLo ;+:yf ljho n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf o; jif{b]lv ;]o/ dfs]{6df klg ;'rLs[t ePsf] 5 .

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