viennese waltz introduction to viennese waltz - icbdaicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · viennese...

56
Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental fast waltz, the Viennese was standardized with only six basic figures for use in competition in 1953. Many other figures have been added since for social dancing which develop the use of open positions. It should have a definite lilt when danced correctly which gives it the stride for elegant look. Timing - As a fast waltz the Viennese is done in 3/4 time with three beats per measure using a fairly wide variance of tempo - 50 to 60 (b.p.m.) beats per minute. Changes are made on the conventional 4th and 8th measures but certain figures transcend this rule when the so-called picture configurations are used. Rhythm - The early continental version accented each beat but the modern dance utilized the down beat on 1 to the extent that time is usually taken from 3 to accomplish this. Therefore, timing would be a little longer on count 1, a normal length of time on 2, and a lesser one on 3. This, of course, does not apply to canter and broken rhythms. Body Mechanics - Dancers should consciously hold the arms a little higher and wider than in the International and American waltz. The skimming action which is characteristic for the standard figures on count 1 is accomplished by a slight downswing at its inception (the lilting action is not unlike the slow foxtrot). Since turns are made with more rotary action, the amount of sway approaches zero. It is characteristic for the Natural Turn to under turn the Reverse Turn, therefore, the body mechanics for the former more closely resemble the International version, including a slight sway. There are no heel pivots in the standard figures. Movement - From a body rise at the end of the normal 3 beats of music, the lowering is not made as in the International waltz but in the process of using a skimming step. The second step on turns is a fairly wide one so that the 3rd one takes advantage of body flight. In profile standard movement and to some extent the closed changes, hesitations, and foot swings, utilize a long shallow dip configuration, where the lowest part of the profile is on step 2 (called the transition step). As in the rest of the modern ballroom rhythms Viennese utilizes the “shaping” or *CBM on the first step of all turning actions. CBMP is not used in the standard figures other than in the Contra Check in a transitional way, or sparingly in some of the variations that are attendant to this rhythm. Rise and Fall - Normally the rise and fall actions are more shallow than in conventional waltz. Accomplished dancers tend to get their lilt from a more subtle use of rise and fall where they are looking for the gliding action to accomplish the elegance of the dance, with a higher dance hold and extended head kept in a fixed position. Terms Used - Some of the terms which are employed, but not necessarily exclusive in Viennese waltz, are given below: Attitude - bent knees (nearly always in a backward movement) Arabesque - straight leg (not stiff) Dêvelopé - unfolding of leg in a forward movement

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Page 1: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz

VW - Intro - 1

Introduction to Viennese Waltz

General - Originally a continental fast waltz, the Viennese was standardized with only six basic figures for use in competition in 1953. Many other figures have been added since for social dancing which develop the use of open positions. It should have a definite lilt when danced correctly which gives it the stride for elegant look.

Timing - As a fast waltz the Viennese is done in 3/4 time with three beats per measure using a fairly wide variance of tempo - 50 to 60 (b.p.m.) beats per minute. Changes are made on the conventional 4th and 8th measures but certain figures transcend this rule when the so-called picture configurations are used.

Rhythm - The early continental version accented each beat but the modern dance utilized

the down beat on 1 to the extent that time is usually taken from 3 to accomplish this. Therefore, timing would be a little longer on count 1, a normal length of time on 2, and a lesser one on 3. This, of course, does not apply to canter and broken rhythms.

Body Mechanics - Dancers should consciously hold the arms a little higher and wider than

in the International and American waltz. The skimming action which is characteristic for the standard figures on count 1 is accomplished by a slight downswing at its inception (the lilting action is not unlike the slow foxtrot). Since turns are made with more rotary action, the amount of sway approaches zero. It is characteristic for the Natural Turn to under turn the Reverse Turn, therefore, the body mechanics for the former more closely resemble the International version, including a slight sway. There are no heel pivots in the standard figures.

Movement - From a body rise at the end of the normal 3 beats of music, the lowering is not

made as in the International waltz but in the process of using a skimming step. The second step on turns is a fairly wide one so that the 3rd one takes advantage of body flight. In profile standard movement and to some extent the closed changes, hesitations, and foot swings, utilize a long shallow dip configuration, where the lowest part of the profile is on step 2 (called the transition step). As in the rest of the modern ballroom rhythms Viennese utilizes the “shaping” or *CBM on the first step of all turning actions. CBMP is not used in the standard figures other than in the Contra Check in a transitional way, or sparingly in some of the variations that are attendant to this rhythm.

Rise and Fall - Normally the rise and fall actions are more shallow than in conventional

waltz. Accomplished dancers tend to get their lilt from a more subtle use of rise and fall where they are looking for the gliding action to accomplish the elegance of the dance, with a higher dance hold and extended head kept in a fixed position.

Terms Used - Some of the terms which are employed, but not necessarily exclusive in

Viennese waltz, are given below:

Attitude - bent knees (nearly always in a backward movement)

Arabesque - straight leg (not stiff)

Dêvelopé - unfolding of leg in a forward movement

Page 2: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz

VW - Intro - 2

Hesitation - lifting and/or turning action on one foot usually associated with canter rhythm

Parallel - refers to the hold - in skaters or Varsouvienne normally, but some times side

by side position Spiral - turn on one foot allowing the other to follow body lead

Corté - in Viennese a lowering onto the supporting foot where the other is pointed to the side, often with a little twist

Page 3: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz Table of Contents

VW - TOC - 1

S#8 2004

Introduction ……………………………………………..… VW-Int-1

Backward Change (Natural to Rev.) ……………………………………………..… VW-08

Contra Check Chg (Rev. to Natural) ……………………………………………..… VW-16

Contra Check, Rondé & Slip Pivot ……………………………………………..… VW-09

Cross Swivel to Closed Wing ……………………………………………..… VW-10

Explosion to Cross Checks ……………………………………………..… VW-11

Explosion to Cross Rolls ……………………………………………..… VW-12

Explosion to Wrap ……………………………………………..… VW-17

Extended Open Box ……………………………………………..… VW-13

Forward Change (Natural to Rev) ……………………………………………..… VW-03

Forward Change (Rev. to Natural) ……………………………………………..… VW-04

Natural Fleckerl ……………………………………………..… VW-07

Natural Turn ……………………………………………..… VW-02

Off Beat Spin ……………………………………………..… VW-18

Reverse Fleckerl ……………………………………………..… VW-06

Reverse Turn ……………………………………………..… VW-01

Right Hinge ……………………………………………..… VW-05

Shadow Wheel to Under Arm Turn ……………………………………………..… VW-14

Throwaway Oversway Line ……………………………………………..… VW-15

Page 4: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz Table of Contents

VW - TOC - 2

S#8 2004

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 8 - 23

Backward Change (Natural to Reverse) 1 measure - 123 Level of Difficulty 3

MAN CP fcng DRW - bk L comp a 1/8 RF trn, bk R w/R shldr leading travng LOD, cl L to R fc RLOD;

LADY CP fcng DLC - fwd R comp a RF trn, fwd L w/L shldr leading trvng LOD, cl R to L fc LOD;

MAN

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise &Fall

Technique

1

1

DRW

bk L trn RF twd LOD

1/8 RF

TH

rise EO1 no ft rise

1/8 RF trn strtng from previous stp

2

2

RLOD

bk R trvng

LOD slt RF

T

cont rise

R shldr lead, lose sway

3

3

-

cl L to R

nil

TH

up

lwr EO3 no sway

LADY

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise &Fall

Technique

1

1

DLC

fwd R trn RF

1/8 RF

HT

rise EO1 no ft rise

1/8 RF from previous stp

2

2

LOD

fwd L LOD

slt RF

T

cont rise

L shldr lead, lose sway

3

3

-

cl R to L

nil

TH

up lwr EO3

no sway

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position lowering from previous figure (usually Natural Turn). [Step 1.] Complete a 1/8 right turn as a continuation of previous figure with out CBM and start body rise traveling toward LOD. [Step 2.] Continuing down LOD step back on right toe and continue body turn with right shoulder leading continuing to rise on toe. [Step 3.] Close left to right at full height and lower to heel at end of step.

LADY Start in Closed Position lowering from previous figure (usually Natural Turn). [Step 1.] Forward on right, heel to toe rising with no foot rise, continuing a 1/8 right turn as a continuation of previous figure to face LOD. [Step 2.] Forward on left continuing to rise and continue a slight body turn with a left shoulder lead toward LOD. [Step 3.] Close right to left at full height and lower to heel at end of step.

Page 6: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Backward Change (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 8 - 24

GENERAL NOTES

This figure is used sparingly as most of the foot changes are made going forward. Rarely more than a 1/8 turn is made unless a rotary figure is to follow. The sway is somewhere between slight and moderate as the amount of turn does not lend itself to more.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 9 - 25

Contra Check, Ronde and Slip Pivot 3 measures - 123 123 123 Level of Difficulty 6

MAN CP fcng LOD - fwd L trng bdy sltly LF 1/8, rec bk on R trng bdy RF 1/8, trng sltly RF sd & sltly bk L sml stp; sd R sml stp trng RF 1/8 twd lady leading lady to Ronde, -, bk L in SCP; bk R trng LF 1/8 slip to CP fcng LOD, - , draw & tch L to R;

LADY CP fcng RLOD - bk R trng bdy sltly LF1/8, rec fwd on L trng bdy sltly RF 1/8, fwd R sml stp btw M’s ft; sml stp fwd & swvl on L 1/4 RF Ronde with R, - , cont trng 1/8 RF on L stp bk R twd RLOD end in SCP; swvl on R trn LF 3/8, cont trng 1/8 slip L fwd to CP, tch R to L;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

fwd L LOD

1/8 LF

HF

down

CBMP slt R sway

2

2

DLC

rec bk twd RLOD on R

in pl 1/8 RF TF

down

strt L bk

3

3

LOD

sd & sltly bk L sml stp twd RLOD

TF

down

slt CBM

4

1

LOD

sml stp sd R twd DLW 1/8 RF

HT

bdy rise

R sd lead

5

2

DLW

-

nil

T

up

hld pos

6

3

-

bk L twd DRC

-

TH

down EO6

bdy twd lady

7

1

-

slip R bk twd DRC

1/8LF

TH

down

fwd poise end fcg LOD

8

2

LOD

L in pl

nil

F

down

9

3

-

tch L

-

F

down

slt draw of L

Page 8: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 9 - 26

Contra Check, Ronde and Slip Pivot (continued)

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

RLOD

bk R RLOD

1/8 LF

T

down

CBMP wgt on B slt L sway

2

2

DRW

rec fwd on L in pl

1/8 RF

HF

down

3

3

RLOD

fwd R sml stp RLOD

nil

TH

rise EO3

btw M’s ft

4

1

sml stp L

slt RF

T

up

T in

5

2

Ronde R

3/8 RF bdy trn

up

swvl on B of L R T ptng down

6

3

RLOD to LOD

bk R RLOD

1/8

TH

lwr EO6

front poise

7

1

arnd L

3/8 LF

TH

down

slt L sway

8

2

fwd

1/8-

TH

down

btw M’s ft

9

3

LOD to RLOD

-

nil

F

down

tch R to sd

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing LOD [Step 1.] Step forward on the left foot creating the CBMP by turning the body slightly to the left 1/8 to face DLC. The right knee is softened as the center of the body leads, look at lady. [Step 2.] Without too much pressure on the left start recovery on the right foot while the left is drawn back to nearly closed position turning right 1/8 to face LOD. [Step 3.] Place the left foot to the side and slightly back toward RLOD starting a right turn. [Step 4.] Turning 1/8 right to end facing DLW present the entire right side of the body to the lady to lead her into an Aerial Ronde. [Step 5.] Follow lady’s body line turning right face as left foot is extended to the side with toe downward (no weight). [Step 6.] Maintaining body in a forward poise toward lady slip the left foot back under the body in line with the right foot toward DRC in Semi-Closed Position. [Step 7.] Slip the right foot back toward DRC turning left 1/8 to lead lady in the slip pivot, and end in Closed Position facing LOD. [Step 8.} Hold position with weight on the right foot and draw the left foot back to the right. [Step 9.} Lower body on the right foot while touching the left toe slightly to side of right foot in preparation for the next figure.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing RLOD [Step 1.] Draw the right foot backward to develop a slight sway while turning the upper body and head to the left 1/8 to face DRW. Part weight is now on the ball of the right foot allowing the left toe to turn slightly outward. [Step 2.] Recover on the left foot turning 1/8 right face bringing the head back to nearly Closed Position. [Step 3.] Step forward on the right foot a small step between man’s feet with body rise. [Step 4.] Turning right face on the left foot soften the left knee in preparation for a Ronde. [Step 5.] Continue turning right face 3/8 swiveling on the ball of the left foot and Ronde the right leg at least six inches off the floor with right toe pointed downward. The

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 9 - 27

Contra Check, Ronde and Slip Pivot (continued)

head is looking to the right. [Step 6.] Start bringing the left side toward the man as the Ronde continues turning 1/8 right and stops while lowering the body and the foot taking weight on the right foot stepping back toward RLOD. [Step 7.] Bring the left foot back with slipping action in CBMP turning 3/8 left face swiveling on the right foot using a slight left sway. [Step 8.] Step forward on the left between man’s feet with a slight body turn to the left 1/8 to end in Closed Position facing RLOD. [Step 9.] Maintain position while touching the right foot to the floor somewhat to the side.

GENERAL NOTES

The fast Contra Check as used in Viennese must be shortened from its’ normal extension and the recovery is made almost as a continuous action. To lead an Aerial Ronde (as opposed to a floor Ronde) requires the man to rise over his right foot more quickly. The right knee can then be softened when the lady has established the Ronde height from the floor.

It is important that an Aerial Ronde not be confused with a display line, it does not offer time for posing. There is no canter rhythm in this combination figure hence, no emphasis on counts 1 and 2.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 9 - 28

Contra Check, Ronde and Slip Pivot (continued)

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Page 11: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 16 - 49

Contra Check Change (Reverse to Natural) 1 measure - 123 Level of Difficulty 4

MAN CP fcng LOD - fwd L in CBM & CBMP trng 1/8 LF ckg, rec in pl on R trng 1/8 RF, stp bk & sltly sd trng 1/4 RF to fc WALL;

LADY CP fcng RLOD - bk R in CBM & CBMP trng 1/8 LF ckg, rec in pl on L trng 1/8 RF, fwd R btw man’s ft trng 1/4 RF;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

fwd L

1/8 LF

F

nil

CBM & CBMP ckg action

2

2

DLC

rec R in pl

1/8 RF

T

-

3

3

LOD

bk & sltly sd L

1/4 RF

THT

-

pvt action end fcng WALL

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

RLOD

bk R

1/8 LF

T

nil

CBM & CBMP ckg action

2

2

DRW

rec L in pl

1/8 RF

F

-

3 3 RLOD fwd R 1/4 RF TH -

btw man=s ft end fcng COH

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION MAN Start in Closed Position facing LOD [Step 1.] Step forward on the left a small step on the whole foot with CBM and CMBP turning 1/8 left face checking the forward motion. [Step 2.] Recover in place on the right toe turning 1/8 right face. [Step 3.] Step back and slightly side a small step in CBM on the left foot, turning the toe inward for a pivoting action turning 1/4 right face to face the WALL in Closed Position.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing RLOD [Step 1.] Step back on the right a small step in CBM and CBMP turning 1/8 left face. [Step 2.] Recover forward in place on the left, flat, turning 1/8 right face. [Step 3.] Step forward on the right between man’s feet, toe-heel, continue turning right face 1/4 to end facing COH in Closed Position.

Page 12: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz

Contra Check Change (Reverse to Natural) (continued)

VW - Fig 16 - 50

GENERAL NOTES

Relatively small steps keep the partner’s bodies nearly erect. The pivoting action can be turned as much as 3/8 right face. There is no rise and fall. The lady starts the right face turn between steps 2 and 3 and continues to turn on 3. The figure is designed to change from a reverse Flickerl to a Natural Flickerl. It is also used between most reverse to natural figures when one foot may be forward or back in relation to the other. This figure may start facing any alignment.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 10 - 29

Cross Swivel to Closed Wing 2 measure - 123 123 Level of Difficulty 5

MAN CP fcng DLW - fwd L comm a LF trn, cont trng 1/4 swvl on L to fc DLC with R ft held in bk of L, draw R near to L no wgt; fwd R blending to BJO, comm draw of L to R, cont draw L to R no wgt end in compact SDCAR fcng DLC;

LADY CP fcng DRC - bk R comm a LF trn, cont trng 1/4 swvl on R to fc DRW, cl L to R no wgt; bk L twd DLC blending to BJO, sd & sltly bk R sml stp, sml stp fwd to a compact SDCAR fcng DRW;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

fwd L

slt LF

H

none

CBM

2

2

swvl on L hld R ft sltly bk no wgt

1/4 LF btw ! & 2

B of L ft F T of R

-

sway L

3

3

DLW to DLC

draw R T to H of L no wgt

nil

B of L ft F T of R

-

4

1

-

fwd R outsd lady to BJO

H

rise EO4

CBMP

5

2

-

comm draw of L twd R

slt LF bdy trn

WF of R IE T of L

slt rise

6

3

-

cl L to R no wgt

slt LF bdy trn

WF of R IE T of L

slt rise NFR

end in SDCAR

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

bk R

slt LF

TH

none

CBM

2

2

swvl on R with L ft sltly fwd no wgt

1/4 LF btw 1& 2

H

IE L T

-

R sway

3

3

DRC to DRW

draw L to R no wgt

slt LF

T

-

4

1

-

bk L in BJO

nil

TH

rise EO4 NFR

CBMP

5

2

-

sd & sltly bk R

-

T

cont to rise

slt L sway

6

3

-

fwd L sml stp outsd M’s L

sd slt LF bdy trn

TH

up lwr EO6

CBMP slt L sway end in SDCAR

Page 14: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

VienneseWaltz

VW - Fig 10 - 30

Cross Swivel to Closed Wing (continued)

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing DLW. [Step 1.] Step forward in CBM on left foot commencing a left face turn. [Step 2.] Swivel 1/4 left face between steps 1 and 2 on the ball of left foot (foot flat) swaying left. Maintain the right foot slightly back without weight in line with left foot and end facing DLC. [Step 3.] Maintain position draw the right foot to the left without weight. [Step 4.] Step forward on the right foot CBM and CBMP outside lady rising end of step in Banjo Position facing DLC. [Step 5.] Maintain position and slowly draw the left foot toward the right foot rising slightly. [Step 6.] Maintain position and continue to draw the left foot to the right with the left foot ending just behind the right heel. The body turns slightly left face between steps 5 and 6 in a compact Sidecar Position with slight body rise until lowering at the end of step facing DLC.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing DRC. [Step 1.] Step back slight CBM on the right toe and lower heel commencing a left face turn. [Step 2.] Swivel 1/4 left face between steps 1 and 2 on the right foot with left foot slightly forward no weight ending facing DRW. [Step 3.] Close the left foot without weight to the right foot. [Step 4] Step back on the left foot CBMP in Banjo Position shaping slightly to the left (including head) rising end of step. [Step 5.] Step side and slightly back right on the toe of the right foot with a slight left sway while positioning slightly to man’s right side continuing to rise. [Step 6.] Step forward small step on the toe of the left foot CBMP with slight left body turn to a compact Sidecar Position up on toe lowering at the end of step facing DLC.

GENERAL NOTES

The first step for both man and lady is not the longer one usually used because of timing restrictions. The swivel should be slightly under turned from the usual 1/4 left face turn to allow for a further adjustment to end the wing facing DLC. The man’s right knee and lady’s left knee should veer in slightly on the swivel (step 2) allow a compact hold to be maintained. The lady uses her upper body to turn slightly left face on step (5 and 6) while the man matches her body line. The speed of movement requires fairly small steps with limited sway. It is important to maintain the center of gravity throughout so that an attractive picture is held.

Page 15: Viennese Waltz Introduction to Viennese Waltz - ICBDAicbda.com/tech-manual/full_vw.pdf · Viennese Waltz VW - Intro - 1 Introduction to Viennese Waltz General - Originally a continental

Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 11 - 31

Explosion to Cross Checks

6 measures 123 123 123 123 123 123 Level of Difficulty 6

MAN CP fcng WALL - sd L,-, cl R to L in dbl hndhld; apt on L trn to Explo pos DLC,-,-; rec on R, XLIFR, rec on R; sd L, XRIFL, rec on L; sd R ld W to undr arm trn, -, cl L to R; sd R,-, tch L to R in CP LOD;

LADY

CP fcng COH - sd R, -, cl L to R in dbl hndhld; apt on R trn to Explo pos DLW,-,-; rec on L, XRIFL, rec on L; sd R, XLIFR, rec on R strt LF undrm trn; cont trng L,-R/L, R; sd L blend to CP fcng RLOD, draw R to L,-,-;

MAN

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

WALL

sd & slt bk L

nil

IE to F

slt rise

EO1 slt R swy sltly apt

2

2

-

draw R to L

-

IE of R

slt up

3

3

-

cl R to L

-

TH

dwn EO3

lose sway -rel L/R hnds & lwr R/L hnds

4

1

bk & awy L

ptg DLC

3/8 LF bdy trns

less

TH rise EO4

strt a R sway wth full R arm ext & strt L arm ext - R ft in pl

5

2

hld in pl

slt LF

F

up

6

3

hld in pl

slt LF

F

lwr EO6

comp R sway on ct 2 cont L arm ext ovr cts 2 & 3 end in Explosion pos

7

1

WALL

to DLC

rec on R

1/8 RF

TF

dwn

lose sway

8

2

LOD

XLIFR

1/8 RF

T

slt rise

mv ext L hnd twd lady’s R hnd - ext jnd hnds bk & sd

9

3

DLW

rec on R

1/8 LF

TH

dwn

mv L hnd away

10

1

LOD

sd L

nil

IE to F

-

strt L arm ext

11

2

-

XRIFL

1/8 LF

T

sl rise

slt R sway with full ext of R & L arms

12

3

DLC

rec on L

1/8 RF

TF

dwn

lose sway

13

1

LOD

sd R

nil

IE to F

rise

EO13

raise jnd hnds w/L swy ld W to trn

14

2

-

drw L twd R

-

IE of L

up

cont trng lady

15

3

-

cl L to R

-

TH

lwr EO15

lose sway lwr hnds

16

1

-

sd R

-

TH

rise EO16

blend to CP

17

2

-

drw L to R

-

IE of L

up - lwr EO17

slt R swy

18

3

-

tch L to R

-

F on R T of L

dwn

lose swy

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Explosion to Cross Checks (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 11 - 32

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

COH

sd R

nil

IE of ft

to F slt rise EO1

slt L swy sltly apt

2

2

-

drw L to R

-

IE of ft

slt up

3

3

-

cl L to R

-

TH

dwn EO3

lose swy - rel R/L hnds & lwr L /R hnds

4

1

bk & awy

R ptg DLW

3/8 RF bdy trns

less

TH

rise EO4

strt L sway w/full L arm ext - strt R arm ext - L ft in pl

5

2

hld in pl

slt RF

F

up

6

3

hld in pl

slt RF

F

lwr EO6

comp L sway on ct 2 cont R arm ext ovr cts 2 & 3 end in Explosion pos

7

1

COH

to DLW

rec on L 1/8 LF

TF

dwn

lose sway

8

2

LOD

XRIFL

sl LF

T

slt rise

mv ext R hnd twd man’s lft hnd - ext jnd hnds bk & sd

9

3

DLC

rec on L

1/8 RF

TH

dwn

mv R hnd awy

10

1

LOD

sd R

nil

IE to F

-

strt R arm ext

11

2

-

XLIFR

1/8 RF

T

slt rise

slt L sway w/full ext of L & R arms

12

3

DLW

rec on R

1/8 LF

TH

up

lose sway

13

1

fwd L trng

T

-

undr raised L hnd

14

2

fwd R trng

T

-

CBM

15

&

fwd L trng

T

-

strong CBM

16

3

LOD to

RLOD fwd R trng

1 & 1\2

LF

T

slt lwrg EO16

strong CBM

17

1

RLOD

sd L

nil

TH

slt rise

blend to CP

18

2

RLOD

draw R twd

L

- IE of R

up

lwr EO18 slt R sway

19

3

RLOD

tch R to L

-

F on L T of R

dwn

lose sway

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 11 - 33

Explosion to Cross Checks (continued)

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN

Start in Closed Position facing wall. [Step 1.] Side left toward LOD using inside edge of foot creating a slight right sway with inside edge of right toe in place while drifting somewhat away from partner. [Step 2.] Lower to flat of foot on left while drawing right toward left. [Step 3.] Close right to left going from toe to heel and losing sway as left/right hand hold is released while right/left hand hold is lowered between partners. [Step 4.] Step apart to full arm extension of joined right/left hands, on the left backing away and to side turning 3/8 left face using the inside edge of foot to end pointing DLC, with the body turning less. The right foot remains in place. [Step 5.] Place all weight on flat of left foot and continue turning left face with right arm continuing to extend out. [Step 6.] Hold in place complete body turn with left arm fully extended at chest height facing DLC. [Step 7.] Recover on right in place (toe flat) losing sway turning 1/8 right face to face LOD [Step 8.] Cross left in front of right toward DLW turning 1/8 right face. Shorten right/left hand hold while bringing left across body to nearly touch lady’s right hand and using pressure on left foot with body rise. [Step 9.] Recover on right turning 1/8 left face in place (ball/flat) to face LOD while lowering and starting left hand to move leftward away from lady’s right hand. [Step 10.] Step side on the left foot with left hand continuing to extend to the side while retaining joined right/left hands with some slack. [Step 11.] Cross right in front of left toward DLC turning 1/8 left face to full extension of joined hands using pressure on right toe and slight right sway. [Step 12.] Recover on the left in place turning 1/8 right face, (toe/flat), losing sway. [Step 13.] Step side right shaping to partner (left sway) while lifting joined right/left hands to lead lady to a left face under arm turn. [Step 14.] Draw left toward right still facing LOD with joined hands over lady’s turning radius. [Step 15.] Close left to right as lady nearly completes left face turn, start to lower joined hands. [Step 16.] Side right while blending to Closed Position facing LOD. [Step 17.] Draw left toward right to complete closed position with some body rise and right sway. [Step 18.] Touch left next to right while lowering body and losing sway.

LADY

Start in Closed Position facing COH. [Step 1.] Side right using inside edge of foot creating a slight left sway with inside edge of left toe in place moving slightly away from partner. [Step 2.] Lower to flat of foot on right while drawing left toward right. [Step 3.] Close left to right going from toe to heel and losing sway while releasing right hand hold and lowering left hand hold between partners. [Step 4.] Step apart to full arm extension of joined left/right hands on the left backing away and to side turning 3/8 right face using the inside edge of foot to end pointing DLW, with the body turning less. The left foot remains in place. [Step 5.] Hold in place and place all weight on flat of the right foot and continue turning at full arm extension of right hand at chest height. [Step 6.] Hold in place and complete body turn with right arm fully extended at chest height facing DLC. [Step 7.] Recover on left in place (toe flat) losing sway turning 1/8 left face to face LOD. [Step 8.] Cross right in front of left toward DLC turning 1/8 left face. Shorten left/right hand hold while bringing right across body to nearly touch man’s left hand and using pressure on right foot with body rise. [Step 9.] Recover on left turning 1/8 right face in place (ball/flat) to face LOD while lowering and starting right hand to move rightward away from man’s left hand. [Step 10.] Step side on the right foot with right hand continuing to extend to the side while retaining joined left/right hands with some slack. [Step 11.] Cross left in front of right toward DLW turning 1/8 right face to full extension of joined hands using pressure on left foot and slight left sway. [Step 12.] Recover on the right in place turning 1/8 left face, (toe/flat), losing sway. [Steps 13, 14, 15,16.] Using the count of 1, 2 & 3, step around in tight circle using strong CBM left, right, left, right, in an underarm turn to end on

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 11 - 34

Explosion to Cross Checks (continued)

right toe now facing RLOD having completed a l 1/2 left face turn.. Lower left hand releasing hand hold. [Step 17.] Step side left while blending toward Closed Position. [Step 18.] Draw right toward left in compact closed position with some body rise and right sway. [Step 19.] Touch right next to left while lowering body and losing sway.

GENERAL NOTES

The explosion used in this group of figures does not call for an arm sweep. Cross checks are made more forward than across the supporting foot, dependent upon positioning for what is to follow. Men should “shape” on count 13 much in the manner of leading the lady to perform a Curl. Ladies should use the technique of a Spot Turn to enhance the underarm turn.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig - 12 - 35

Explosion and Cross Rolls 4 measures 123 123 123 123 Level of Difficulty 5

MAN Dbl hndhld fcng lady & LOD - rel L hnd & stp apt on L trng 3/8 to fc DRC Explo pos, -, -; rec on R rejn & raise hnds ldg lady to undr arm trn, -, tch L to R as lady ends in L Shdw Wrp pos; rel L/R hndhld stp bk & apt on L ldg lady awy to Explo pos fc RLOD, -, -; rec on R strt RF trn ldg lady to a solo trn & rel hndhld, cont trng on L, cl R to L blend to loose CP fcng LOD;

LADY Dbl hnd hld fcng RLOD - rel R hnd & stp apt on R trng 3/8 RF to fc DLC Explo pos, -, -; rec in pl on L rejn R hnd & raise hnds to strt a LF undr arm trn, cont trng on R, cont trng on L to end in L Shdw Wrp pos fcng COH; rel R hnd & stp bk & apt on R to fc DRC Explo pos, -, -; rec on L rel hndhld &strt LF trn, cont solo roll R,L to end in loose CP fcng RLOD;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

bk & awy L ptg DRC

3/8 LF bdy trns less

TH

rise EO1

rel L/R hndhld strtg a R sway w/full R arm ext & strt L arm ext - R ft in pl

2

2

hld in pl

F of L T of R

up

comp R sway on ct 2 cont L arm ext ovr cts 2 &3 end in Explo pos

3

3

hld in pl

bdy cont LF trn ovr 2 cts

F of L T of R

lwr EO3

4

1

LOD to

DRC rec on R

1/8 RF

TF

dwn

rejn & raise L/R hnds for W undr arm trn jnd R/L hnds hld low

5

2

COH

drw L to R

-

F

dwn

cont ldg W to L sd

6

3

-

tch L T near R

-

F of R T of L

dwn

lwr L/R hnds in front of W in L Shdw Wrp pos

7

1

bk & apt L ptg DRW

3/8 LF

TH

rise EO7

rel L/R hndhld strtg a R sway w/full R arm ext & strt L arm ext - R ft in pl

8

2

hld in pl

F of R T of L

up

9

3

COH to DRW

hld in pl

bdy cont LF trn ovr 2 cts

F of R T of L

lwr EO9

comp R swy on ct 2 cont L arm ext ovr cts 2 &3 end in Explo pos

10

1

rec in pl on R trng

THT

slt rise EO10

ld W to LF solo roll

11

2

cont trng on L

T

up

slt L sway

12

3

DRW to LOD

cont trng sd R

5/8 RF ovr 3 stps

TH

lwr EO12

lose sway end in loose CP fcng LOD

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig - 12 - 36

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise

& Fall

Technique

1

1

bk & away R ptg COH

3/8 R ft trn

TH

rise EO1

rel R hndhld strt L sway w/full L arm ext - strt R arm ext -L ft in pl

2

2

hld in pl

F of R T of L

up

3

3

RLOD to DLC

hld in pl

bdy cont trn ovr 2 cts

F of R T of L

lwr sltly EO3

comp L sway on ct 2 - cont R arm ext ovr cts 2 & 3 end in Explo pos

4

1

rec on L trng

T

rise sltly

rejn & raise R/L hnds for undr arm trn

5

2

cont trng on R

T

up

maint L/R hndhld low

6

3

DLC to

COH

cont trng on L

1 & 1/8 LF

TH

lwr EO6

lwr R/L hnds in frnt in Shdw Wrp pos fcng COH

7

1

fwd R twd COH trng

HT

rise sltly EO7

rel R hnd & mv away from man

8

2

fwd L

cont trng

T

up

9

3

COH to DRC

cont trng sd L

7/8 RF

IE T to F

strt dwn EO9

R swy wth R & L arms fully ext end in Explo pos

10

1

rec in pl on L trng

HT

rise sltly

rel L hnd & strt a solo roll twd frnt of man

11

2

cont trng on R

T

up

cont tight solo roll

12

3

DRC to

RLOD

cont trng cl L to R

1 & 1/8 LF

TH

lwr EO12

end in loose CP fcng RLOD

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Viennese Waltz

Explosion and Cross Rolls (continued)

VW - Fig - 12 - 37

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION MAN Start in double handhold position facing LOD. [Step 1.] Release left/right handhold stepping apart on the inside edge of the left foot turning 3/8 left face to end with the left foot pointing DRC and the body turning less starting a right sway. [Step 2.] Hold in place and continue body turn placing all weight on flat of left completing the right sway with full arm extension of joined right/left hands and continuation of left arm extension. [Step 3.] Hold in place completing the body turn to face DRC with right foot extended and left arm extended to side at chest height (Explosion position). [Step 4.] Recover on right foot in place turning 1/8 right face losing sway, leading lady forward and in front toward the left side with joined right/left hands. Rejoin and raise left/right hands and lower right/left hands to waist level. [Step 5.] Draw left toward right leading lady to continue a left face wrap turn under raised left/right hands maintaining right/left hands low. [Step 6.] Touch left toe near right as lady completes wrap turn with both facing COH lowering left/ right hands in front at lady’s waist level in Left Shadow Wrap position. [Step 7.] Release left/right handhold and turning left face, step side with left foot pointing toward DRW leading lady to start left face turn. [Step 8.] Hold in place continuing body turn placing all weight on flat of left completing the right sway with full arm extension of joined right/left hands and continuation of left arm extension. [Step 9.] Hold in place completing the body turn to face DRW with right foot extended and left arm extended to side at chest height (Explosion position). [Step 10.] Recover turning right face on the right in place, leading lady with joined right/left hands forward and across body toward WALL releasing handhold. [Step 11.] Continue right face turn on the left to nearly face LOD. [Step 12.] Step side on right to match lady’s position while bringing up left toward right with no weight blending to loose Closed Position facing LOD.

LADY Start in double handhold facing COH. [Step 1.] Release right/left handhold stepping apart on the inside edge of the right foot turning 3/8 right face with the right foot pointing DLC and the body turning less starting a left sway. [Step 2.] Hold in place and continue body turn placing all weight on flat of right completing the left sway with full left arm extension and continuation of right arm extension. [Step 3.] Hold in place completing the body turn to face DLC with left foot extended and right arm extended to side at chest height (Explosion position). [Step 4.] Recover forward on left rejoining and raising right/left hands starting a left face turn while lowering left/right hands to waist level. [Step 5.] Continue left face turn on right using double handhold to wrap in front of man [Step 6.] Complete the wrap on left side of partner in shadow position turning left face 1 1/8 and stepping side on the left foot. Lower joined right/left hands in front of waist facing COH. [Step 7.] Releasing right/left handhold step forward on the right foot away from partner turning right face. [Step 8.] Continue turn on left to face nearly RLOD extending fully the joined hands starting a right sway. [Step 9.] Take full weight on the right foot stepping side completing a 7/8 right face turn to face DRC, with the left foot extended out (Explosion position). [Step 10.] Recover on left starting a solo left face turn releasing joined left/right hands. [Step 11.] Continue tight left face roll on right while bringing left hand in front. [Step 12.] Complete a 1 1/8 left face solo roll on left to end facing RLOD to rejoin man in loose closed position.

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Viennese Waltz

Explosion and Cross Rolls (continued)

VW - Fig - 12 - 38

GENERAL NOTES

On step 4 the man “shapes” to the lady as if he was leading a Curl. The lady’s solo roll must be controlled so that she does not end up on the man’s right side. Throughout this figure there is a lilt which approximates the feeling of canter action.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 17 - 51

Explosion to Wrap

3 measures - 123 123 123 Level of Difficulty 6

MAN Dbl Hndhld fcng lady & LOD - rel L hnd & stp apt on L trng 3/8 LF to fc DRC Explo pos ,-,-; rec on R trng 1/8 RF to fc COH drwg L no wgt to R ldg lady to R Wrp pos,-,-; bk L trng LF unwrp lady, sd R still trng, sd L trng to comp a LF trn fcng DLW in Explo pos L arm ext out shldr high;

LADY Dbl Hndhld fcng man & RLOD - rel man’s R hnd stp bk R trng RF to fc DLC in explosion pos R arm ext out shldr high,-,-; rec on L comm a LF trn to a Wrp pos, cont trng LF on R, cont trng on L comp 1 full LF trn in Wrp pos on man’s R sd; unwrapping fwd R trng 1/8 LF & ckg, bk L trng RF on L, cont trng sd R comp a 3/4 RF trn to fc DRW in Explo pos R arm ext out shldr high;

MAN

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

bk & away L ptg DRC

3/8 LF bdy trns less

TH

rise EO1

rel L/R hndhld strtg a R sway w/full R arm ext- R ft in pl

2

2

hld in pl

F of L T of R

up

3

3

hld in pl

bdy cont LF trn ovr 2 cts

F of L T of R

lwr EO3

comp R sway on ct 2 cont L arm ext ovr cts 2 & 3 end in Explo pos

4

1

LOD to

DRC

rec on R trng

1/8 RF

TF

dwn

ld lady to LF wrp & lose sway end fcng COH

5

2

COH

F of R

dwn

comm to mv L arm in

6

3

-

hld on R drw L twd R on 2 cts

-

T o L

NFR

comp wrp with L hnd on L sd of lady’s waist

7

1

WALL

bk L DLW

1/8 LF

TH

dwn

comm to unwrp lady

8

2

DRC

sd R sml stp COH

1/8 LF

HT

rise EO8

cont to unwrp lady

9

3

RLOD

sd L trng a wide stp twd LOD T ptg DLW

3/8 LF

TF

up

L sway ext R & L arms fully end in Explo pos fcng DLW

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 17 - 52

LADY

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

bk & awy R ptg DLC

3/8 LF bdy trns less

TH

rise EO1

rel R hndhld comm L sway ext R & L arms fully

2

2

hld in pl

F

up

3 3 hld in pl

bdy cont trn ovr 2 cts

FT

-

ext R arm rotates w/bdy hld at shldr lvl - maint L sway end in Explo pos

4

1

RLOD to DLC

rec L trng

THT

-

strt LF wrp -lose sway

5

2

RLOD

stp on R trng

THT

-

drw R arm in twd bdy

6 3 LOD stp sd on L

trng

1 1/8 LF trn

ovr 3 stps

TH

up, lwr EO6

pl R arm across bdy in wrp pos on man’s R sd end fcng COH

7

1

COH

diag fwd R XRIFL ckg

1/8 LF

HT

slt rise EO7

CBMP

8

2

bk L trng

TH

strt dwn

pvt on R - strt extng R arm

9

3

DRC to

DRW

sd R trng wide stp twd RLOD T ptg DRW

3/4 RF

ovr 2 stps

IE to F

rise

L sway - ext R & L arms fully end in Explo pos fcg DRW

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in double handhold facing LOD. [Step 1.] Release left/right handhold stepping apart on the inside edge of the left foot turning 3/8 left face to end with the left foot pointing DRC and the body turning less starting a right sway. [Step 2.] Hold in place and continue body turn placing all weight on flat of left completing the right sway with full arm extension of joined right/left hands and continuation of left arm extension. [Step 3.] Hold in place completing the body turn to face DRC with right foot extended and left arm extended to side at chest height (Explosion position). [Step 4.] Recover on the right foot toward LOD starting to wrap lady inward with joined right/left hands with left to remaining in place. [Step 5.] Start to draw left foot near right foot as lady is taking her second step. [Step 6.] Touch left near right as lady completes her wrap placing the left hand on the left side of lady’s waist. [Step 7.] Maintaining hold of lady’s left hand, step back left turning left face leading lady to unwrap. [Step 8.] Still holding lady’s left hand step around and to the side on the right still turning left face. [Step 9.] Push off from the right turning to face wall as weight is placed on left toe, inside edge foot, then flat foot in Explosion position, left hand extended to the side chest high.

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Viennese Waltz

Explosion to Wrap (continued)

VW - Fig 17 - 53

LADY Start in double handhold facing RLOD. Release right/left handhold stepping apart on the inside edge of the right foot turning 3/8 right face with the right foot pointing DLC and the body turning less starting a left sway. [Step 2.] Hold in place and continue body turn placing all weight on flat of right completing the left sway with full left arm extension and continuation of right arm extension. [Step 3.] Hold in place completing the body turn to face DLC with left foot extended and right arm extended to side at chest height (Explosion position). [Step 4.] Recover on left lowering to heel start turning to the left 1/8 plus and bring the right hand in toward the body. [Step 5.] Continue turning to the left 5/8 plus on the right foot while bringing the right arm in and across the body. [Step 6.] Step on left continuing to turn left 1/8 plus to a wrap position with contact to man’s right side, right hand across body just above waist. [Step 7.] Retaining left/right hand hold step diagonally forward on the right turning 1/8 left face, checking the tuning action. [Step 8.] Step back and around pivoting on the left turning right face. [Step 9.] Continue turning right face step side on the right toward RLOD completing a 3/4 right face turn in Explosion position facing DRW, right hand extended to the side chest high.

GENERAL NOTES The explosions should have a lilting feeling that somewhat resembles canter rhythm. Care must be taken to allow the separation following the wrap to position the partners just far enough apart to allow the explosion to have full extension. The step that follows is usually an Underarm Turn or sometimes another Wrap.

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Viennese Waltz

Explosion to Wrap (continued)

VW - Fig 17 - 54

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 13 - 39

Extended Open Box Turns 4 measures - 123 123 123 123 Level of Difficulty 4

MAN R Sd by Sd Waist hld pos w/L arm ext fcng LOD - bk L trng 1/8 RF, cont trng 1/4 sd R, cont trng 1/8 fwd L to fc RLOD; fwd R trng 1/8 RF, cont trng 1/4 sd L, cont trng 1/8 bk R to fc LOD; bk L trng 1/8 RF, cont trng 1/4 sd R, cont trng 1/8 fwd L to fc RLOD; fwd R trng 1/8 RF, cont trng 1/4 sd L, cont trng 1/8 bk R to end fcng LOD;

LADY R Sd by Sd Waist hld pos w/R arm ext fcng RLOD - fwd R trng 1/8 RF, cont trng 1/4 sd L, cont trng 1/8 bk R to fc LOD; bk L trng 1/8 RF, cont trng 1/4 sd R, cont trng fwd L to fc RLOD; fwd R trng 1/8 RF , cont trng 1/4 sd L, cont trng 1/8 bk R to fc LOD; bk L trng 1/8 RF, cont trng 1/4 sd R, cont trng fwd L to end fcng RLOD;

MAN

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

bk L trng

1/8 RF

TH

stly dwn

strt R sway

2

2

DLW

sd R trng

1/4 RF

HT

up

head to R

3

3

DRW

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO3

lose sway

4

1

RLOD

fwd R trng

1/8 RF

HT

sltly dwn

strt L sway

5

2

DRC

sd L trng

1/4 RF

T

rise

head to L

6

3

DLC

bk R

trng RF 1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO6

lose sway

7

1

LOD

bk L trng

1/8 RF

TH

sltly dwn

strt R sway

8

2

DLW

sd R trng

1/4 RF

HT

up

head to R

9

3

DRW

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO9

lose sway

10

1

RLOD

fwd R trng

1/8 RF

HT

sltly dwn

strt L sway

11

2

DRC

sd L trng

1/4 RF

T

up

head to L

12

3

DLC

bk R trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO12

lose sway end fcng LOD

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 13 - 40

Extended Open Box Turns (continued)

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

RLOD

fwd R trng

1/8 RF

HT

nil

strt l sway

2

2

DRC

sd L trng

1/4 RF

T

rise

head to LFT

3

3

DLC

bk R trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO3

lose sway

4

1

LOD

bk L trng

1/8 RF

TH

sltly dwn

strt R sway

5

2

DLW

sd R trng

1/4 RF

HT

rise

head to R

6

3

DRW

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO6

lose sway

7

1

RLOD

fwd R trng

1/8 RF

HT

sltly dwn

strt L sway

8

2

DRC

sd L trng

1/4 RF

T

rise

head to L

9

3

DLC

bk R trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO9

lose sway

10

1

LOD

bk L trng

1/8 RF

TH

sltly dwn

strt R sway

11

2

DLW

sd R trng

1/4 RF

HT

rise

head to R

12

3

DRW

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr EO12

lose sway end fcng RLOD

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in right side-by-side position with right arm in front and right hand around lady’s waist with left arm extended to side facing LOD. [Step 1.] Step back on left starting a right face turn and develop some right sway. [Step 2.] Step side on right and continue turning right face with some body rise keeping head to the right. [Step 3] Step forward on left and continue turning right face to end facing RLOD while losing right sway. [Step 4.] Step forward on right continue turning right face while starting to develop a left sway. [Step 5.] Step side on the left continue turning right face with some body rise keeping head to the left. [Step 6.] Step back on right continue turning right face to end facing LOD while losing left sway. [Step 7.] Step back on left continue turning right face and develop some right sway. [Step 8.] Step side on right and continue turning right face with some body rise keeping head to the right. [Step 9.] Step forward on left continue turning right face to end facing RLOD while losing right sway. [Step 10.] Step forward on right continue turning right face while starting to develop a left sway. [Step 11] Step side on

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 13 - 41

Extended Open Box Turns (continued)

left continue turning right face with some body rise keeping head to the left. [Step 12.] Step back on right continue turning right face to end facing LOD while losing left sway.

LADY Start in right side by side position facing RLOD with right arm in front of man and right hand placed on mans left shoulder and the left arm extended to side. [Step 1.] Step forward on right start a right face turn and develop some left sway. [Step 2.] Step side on left and continue turning right face with some body rise keeping head to the left. [Step 3.] Step back on right continue turning right face to end facing LOD while losing sway. [Step 4.] Step back on left continue turning right face while starting to develop a right sway. [Step 5.] Step side on right continue turning right face with some body rise keeping head to the right. [Step 6.] Step forward on left continue turning right face to end facing RLOD while losing right sway. [Step 7.] Step forward on right continue turning right face and develop some left sway. [Step 8.] Step side on left continue turning right face with some body rise keeping head to the left. [Step 9.] Step back on right continue turning right face to end facing LOD. [[Step 10.] Step back on left continue turning right face while starting to develop a right sway. [Step 11.] Step side on right continue turning right face on right with some body rise keeping head to the right. [Step 12.] Step forward on left continue turning right face to end facing RLOD while losing right sway.

GENERAL NOTES

There is very little rise and fall in this figure as a slight downswing is used to initiate the forward and back turns. Turns are made in a fairly wide circle where the heads tend to extend the direction of the sways. Follows for this figure usually employ a double underarm turn to bring the lady back in line and return to normal lead footwork.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 13 - 42

Extended Open Box Turns (continued)

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 3 - 9

Forward Change (Natural to Reverse) 1 measure - 123 Level of Difficulty 3

MAN CP fcng nearly LOD - fwd R start RF trn, fwd L w/L shldr lead, cl R to L fc btw LOD & DLW;

LADY CP fcng nearly RLOD - bk L strt RF trn, bk R w/R shldr lead, cl L to R fc btw RLOD & DRC;

MAN

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

fwd R

nil

HT

dwn

rise EO1 sway L

2

2

-

fwd L

-

T

cont to rise

L shldr ld no sway

3

3

-

cl R to L

-

TH

up

lwr EO3 no sway

LADY

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

RLOD

bk L

nil

TH

dwn

rise EO1 NFR

sway R

2

2

-

bk R

-

T

cont to rise

R shldr ld no sway

3

3

-

cl L to R

-

TH

up

lwr EO3 no sway

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position lower retaining rotary action from previous figure to end facing LOD. [Step 1.] Step forward on left heel/toe toward LOD with left sway starting to rise. [Step 2.] Step forward on right toe continuing to rise with left shoulder lead and no sway. [Step 3.] Close right to left with no sway to full rise preparing to lower to heel for next figure

LADY Start in Closed Position lower retaining rotary action from previous figure to end facing RLOD. [Step 1.] Step back on left toe toward LOD allowing heel to lightly touch the floor starting to rise at the end of step with no foot rise. [Step 2.] Step back on right toe with right shoulder lead continuing to rise and straightening. [Step 3.] Close left to right with

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 3 - 10

no sway to full rise preparing to lower to heel for next figure.

GENERAL NOTES

The figure description assumes a transition from a natural figure which would be completed approaching alignment facing nearly LOD. In a natural turn the rotary action can be extended and the Natural to Reverse Change can turn right up to 1/4. In any event the transition must be made from anticipation at the end of the previous figure. Note - The shallow Contra Check is not an option here but an extended pivot on the man’s right toe, with a floor Rondé on his left (right sway) could substitute. See also the description for a Right Hinge which offers a transition to a reverse figure starting facing DLC.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 4 - 11

Forward Change (Reverse to Natural) 1 measure - QQS Level of Difficulty 3

MAN CP fcng LOD - fwd L strt LF trn, cont trn fwd R sd & slt fwd to fc DLC, cl L to R;

LADY CP fcng RLOD - bk R strt LF trn, cont trn diag bk L fc DRW, cl R to L;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

LOD

fwd L

strt LF trn

HT

dwn rise EO1

no sway

2

2

LOD

diag fwd R mvg along LOD

1/8 btw 1 & 2

T

cont to rise

L sway end fcg DLC

3

3

DLC

cl L to R twd

DLC

nil TH

up

lwr EO3 L sway

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

RLOD

bk R

strt LF trn

TH

dwn rise EO1- NFR

no sway

2

2

RLOD

diag bk L DLC

mvg along LOD

1/8 btw 1 & 2

HT

cont to rise

R sway end fcg DRW

3

3

DRW

cl R to L DRW

nil

TH

up

lwr EO3 R sway

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing LOD still on toe from previous figure. [Step 1.] Lowering step forward heel/toe of left and start left turning rotary action with slight downward swing. [Step 2.] Complete turning action 1/8 left face stepping diagonally forward on right moving in the direction of LOD with body rise and left sway, to face DLC. [Step 3.] With left sway, close left to right without further turn and full rise before lowering to heel for the next figure.

LADY Start in Closed Position partially on toes but with heel in contact with the floor facing RLOD.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 4 - 12

[Step 1.] Step backward on right toe with some left face rotary action while lowering lightly to heel starting to rise at the end of the step with no foot rise. [Step 2.] Step diagonally backward on left toe toward DLC completing a 1/8 left face turn, moving in the direction of LOD with body rise and right sway to face DRW. [Step 3.] With right sway close right to left on toes with no further turn to full rise before lowering to heel for the next figure.

GENERAL NOTES

Forward changes are made usually after the completion of 4 or 8 measures of music to maintain the flow. Note - This figure is a replacement for a shallow Contra Check completed in one measure which is the usual choice for a Change Of Direction following a left turning figure.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 2 - 5

S#6 2002

Natural Turn

2 measures - 123 123 Level of Difficulty 4

MAN CP fcng LOD - fwd R strt RF trn, cont trng sd L, cont trng cl R to L fc DRW; bk L strtg RF trn, cont trng sd R pointing DLC, cont trng cl L to R to fc LOD;

LADY CP fcng RLOD - bk L strt RF trn, cont trng sd R, cont trng cl L to R; fwd R strt RF trn, cont trng sd L, cont trng cl L to R to fc RLOD;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

LOD

fwd R

1/8 RF

HT

nil

CBM

2

2

DLW

sd & fwd

L

1/4 RF bdy trn less

T

nil

toe ptng DRW

3

3

DRW

cl R to L

1/8 RF

TH

slt rise EO3

end fcng DRW slt R sway

4

1

RLOD

bk &

sltly sd L 1/8 RF btw 3 & 4

TH

nil

end fcg DRC CBM

5

2

DRC

sd R

ptng DC

3/8 RF btw 4 & 5

bdy trns less

T

nil end bdy fcg DLC

6

3

DLC

cl L to R

bdy comp trn btw 5 & 6

F slt rise EO6

end fcg LOD slt L sway

LADY

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

RLOD

bk &

sltly sd L

1/8 RF

T

nil

nearly flat ft w/slt R sway

2

2

DRC

sd R ptg DLC

1/4 RF bdy trns less

T

nil

end fcg DLC

3

3

DLC

cl L to R

1/8 RF

F

slt rise EO3

end fcg LOD w/L sway

4

1

LOD

fwd R

1/8 RF btw 3 & 4

HT

nil

end fcng DLW w/L sway

5

2

DLW

sd & fwd L

1/4 RF btw 4 & 5

T

nil

end fcng DRW

6

3

DRW

cl R to L

1/8 RF btw 5 & 6

TH

slt rise btw 5 & 6 prep to

lwr end fcg RLOD

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Natural Turn (continued) iennese Waltz

VW - Fig 2 - 6

S#6 2002

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing Line of Dance [Step 1.] Using body torque developed from previous figure, forward right turning right face with no body or foot rise. [Step 2.] Step side and forward on left with fairly wide stance to point DRW as body turns less continue right face turn. [Step 3.] Close right to left with some body turn right face while developing some right sway with slight body rise. [Step 4.] Step backward & side on left with some left shaping and CBM turning right face to end facing DRC. [Step 5.] Step side on right (in back of left) using fairly wide step continue right face turn to end pointing near LOD on flat foot as body turns less. [Step 6.] Close left to right in drawing action completing the right face turn to face LOD as transfer entire weight to left foot with some left sway.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing RLOD. [Step 1.] Step backward and slightly sideward on left toe turn right face with some lowering action keep heel off the floor. [Step 2.] Step side on right turning right face to point DLC as body turns less. [Step 3.] Lower to flat foot closing left to right in a drawing action transfer entire weight to left foot with some left sway. [Step 4.] Step forward on right continue right face turn to end facing DLW with no body or foot rise. [Step 5.] Step side and somewhat forward on left with fairly wide stance continue right face turn keeping body down. [Step 6.] Close right to left complete right face turn with some body rise and a little right sway.

GENERAL NOTES

The CBM used on steps one and four is more like a body torque than a standard CBM. A slightly longer count on steps two and five allow for a wider stance to develop, along with the sway that normally follows. Only a slight rise is used at the end of steps three and six with the heel/toe action underplayed. Turns are made largely by the use of hip rotation as the knees turn independently from the rest of the body. The sway, as noted for steps 3 and 6, may be varied from slight to none or even from slight right to slight left and from slight left to slight right.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 7 - 17

Natural Fleckerl 2 measure - 123 123 Level of Difficulty 9

MAN CP fcng WALL on B of L - pvt 1/4 RF on B of L stp fwd R sml stp with strong CBM btw W’s ft with bdy ovrtrng to face LOD, pvt on B of R rotating RF 3/8 stp sd on L with wgt on both ft fcng DRW, cont trng RF 3/8 on B of R maint L in pl allowing R to XIFL chg wgt to R fc COH; pvt 1/4 RF on B of R stp fwd L endg as a sd stp with bdy ovrtrng to fc LOD, swing R in sml arc arnd bk of L (XRIBL) cont rotation trng RF 3/8 on B of L & partial wgt on R to end fcg DRW, cont trng RF 3/8 allowing ft to uncross sltly apt chg wgt to L to end fcg COH; (Rotation of the body without sway or rise is required through out with continuous turning on all steps)

LADY CP fcng COH on B of R - trng 1/4 RF on B of R stp fwd L endg as a sd stp with bdy ovrtrng to fc LOD, pvt on B of L swing R in sml arc arnd bk of L (XRIBL) cont rotation trng RF 3/8 on B of L chg wgt to R end fcg DRW, cont trng RF 3/8 on R allow ft to uncross stp sd on L to end with ft sltly apt fcg COH; cont trng RF 1/4 on B of L stp fwd R sml stp with strong CBM btw M’s ft with bdy ovrtrng to fc LOD, pvt 3/8 on B of R stp sd on B of L a sml stp, XRIFL maint R in pl cont trng 3/8 RF on B of L chg wgt to R & fc COH; (Rotation of the body without sway or rise is required through out with continuous turning on all steps)

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

COH

fwd R sml stp btw W’s ft

1/4 RF

bdy ovrtrns HB

none

no sway thruout fig strong CBM pvt on B of L end fcg LOD

2

2

LOD

sd L partial wgt on both ft

3/8 RF btw 1 & 2

B of R ft F B of L

-

pvt on B of R end fcg DRW

3

3

DRW

RXIFL

3/8 RF btw 2 & 3

B ft F

-

cont rotation on B of R ft with L ft in pl end with R Xng in frt of L end fcg COH

4

1

COH

fwd L endg sd

1/4 RF btw 3 & 4

bdy ovrtrns HB

-

pvt on B of R end fcg LOD

5

2 LOD

XRIBL

3/8 RF btw 4 & 5

B of L ft F B of R

-

pvt on B of L swing R in sml arc bhnd L taking 2 wgt end fcg DRW

6

3

DRW

chg wgt to

L end of stp

3/8 RF btw 5 & 6

B ft F

-

cont rotation with ft unXg to end sltly apt end fcg COH

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Natural Fleckerl (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 7 - 18

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

WALL

fwd L endg sd

1/4 RF

bdy ovrtrns

HB none

no sway thruout fig tight rotary action end fcg RLOD

2

2

RLOD

XRIBL

3/8 RF btw 1 & 2

B of L ft F

end B of R -

swing R in sml arc arnd L rotating on B of L - end taking wgt on R end fcg DLC

3

3

DLC

unX ft

chg wgt to L

3/8 RF 2 & 3

B of R end B of L

ft F -

pvt on R unXg ft end on B of L end fcg WALL

4

1

WALL

fwd R sml stp btw M’s ft

1/4 RF btw 3 & 4 bdy ovrtrns

HB

-

strong CBM end fcg RLOD

5

2

RLOD

sd L sml stp

3/8 RF btw 4 & 5

B of R ft F

end B of L -

pvt on B of R DLC

6

3

DLC

XRIFL

3/8 RF

btw 5 & 6

B of L end B of R

ft F -

trng on B of L ft end fcg WALL

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing COH on ball of left foot. [Step 1.] Pivoting on the left foot step forward small step between lady’s feet heel/ball on the right foot turning right face 1/4 with strong CBM body overturning to face LOD. [Step 2.] Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 1 and 2 pivoting on the ball of the right foot (foot flat). Step side placing partial weight on the ball of left foot facing DRW. [Step 3.] Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 2 and 3 maintaining left foot in place and turning on the ball of right foot (foot flat). Allow right foot to cross in front of left foot to end facing COH. [Step 4.] Continue turning right face 1/4 with body overturning between steps 3 and 4 pivoting on the ball of right foot. Step forward heel/ball on left foot ending side to face LOD. [Step 5.] Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 4 and 5 pivoting on the ball of left foot (foot flat). Swing right foot to cross behind left foot and end on ball of right foot with partial weight facing DRC. [Step 6.] Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 5 and 6 until feet uncross. Take weight on the ball of left foot (foot flat) with feet slightly apart to face WALL.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing WALL on ball of right foot. [Step 1.] Turning right face 1/4 with body overturning on the ball of right foot step forward heel/ball on the left foot ending side to face RLOD. [Step 2.] Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 1 and 2 pivoting on the ball of the left foot (foot flat). Swing the right foot around crossing in back of left to take weight on the ball of the right foot and end facing DLC. [Step 3.] Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 2 and 3 on ball of right foot. Allow feet to uncross and end on ball of left foot (foot flat) with feet slightly apart to face WALL. [Step 4.] Continue turning right face 1/4 between steps 3 and 4 with body overturning on the ball of left foot. Step forward with strong CBM heel/ball on the right foot a small step between M’s feet to face RLOD. [Step 5.]. Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 4 and 5 pivoting on

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Natural Fleckerl (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 7 - 19

the ball of the right foot (foot flat). Step side on the ball of left foot a small step. [Step 6.] Continue turning right face 3/8 between steps 5 and 6. Maintain ball of left foot in place and cross right foot in front of left foot. End facing COH on ball of right foot (foot flat).

GENERAL NOTES

There is no rise and fall or sway The Natural Fleckerl is more difficult than the Reverse Fleckerl, therefor, it is common practice to end facing COH after step 6. If so, then the continuation of the figure will end facing the wall. When starting the figure facing COH, the under turned version will end facing the WALL, with the continuation ending facing COH once again. Both partners need to keep a high body throughout. Because of the fast rotary action, the partners should imagine the same tight circling around an imaginary central pole as in the reverse version. It is standard to use at least one repetition (12 steps). The technique throughout is for rotations to be made on the ball of the supporting foot with the heel close to the floor for more stability. ( Ball of Foot - Foot Flat as described in chart) Alignments are given for the more difficult version of one complete turn for every measure. Adjustments should be made to under turn the 1/4 rotation little and also the 3/8 turn as noted when using the easier version (approximately 3/4 rotation for each measure) Note Lady must adjust her weight distribution to accommodate the man. This requirement does not allow lady’s footwork to be normal opposite

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Natural Fleckerl (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 7 - 20

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 18 - 55

Off Beat Spin

2 measure - 123 123 Level of Difficulty 6

MAN CP fcng LOD - fwd R LOD strt a RF spin, cont spin on L in CBMP, cont spin on L end fcng LOD; fwd R LOD strt a RF spin, cont spin on L in CBMP, cont spin on L end fcng LOD;

LADY CP fcng RLOD - bk L LOD strt a RF spin with R btw M’s ft, cont spin on R with L in bk in CBMP, cont spin on R end fcng RLOD; bk L LOD strt a RF spin with R btw M’s ft, cont spin on R with L in bk in CBMP, cont spin on R end fcng RLOD;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

fwd R twd LOD

strt spin 3/8 RF

HT

dwn

rise EO1 strong rotation

2

2

DRW

cont spin on

L 3/8 RF

T

up

L in CBMP strong rotation

3

3

COH

cont spin on

L 1/4 RF

TH

up

lwr EO3 end fcng LOD

4

1

LOD

fwd R twd LOD

cont spin 3/8 RF

HT

rise EO4

strong rotation

5

2

DRW

cont spin on

L 3/8 RF

T

up

R in CBMP - strong rotation

6

3

COH

cont spin on

L 1/4 RF

TH

up

lwr EO6 end fcng LOD

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

RLOD

bk L twd LOD strt spin

3/8 RF

THT

dwn

rise EO1 R btw man=s ft

2

2

DLC

cont spin on R

3/8 RF

HT

up

CBMP hld L bhnd - strong rotation

3

3

WALL

cont spin on R

1/4 RF

TH of R

up

lwr EO3 end fcng RLOD

4

1

RLOD

bk L twd LOD

3/8 RF

THT

rise EO4

R btw man=s ft

5

2

DLC

cont spin on R

3/8 RF

HT

up

CBMP hld L bhnd - strong rotation

6

3

WALL

cont spin on R

1/4 RF

TH of R

up

lwr EO6 end fcng RLOD

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 18 - 56

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing LOD. [Step 1.] Step forward on the right foot, heel/ball, turning 3/8 right face with strong rotary action and body rise. [Step 2.] Take weight on the left foot and continue right face spin turning 3/8. Maintain the right foot in front of the left foot in CBMP. [Step 3.] Continue the right face spin on the ball of the left foot turning 1/4 to end nearly facing LOD lowering to flat of left foot. [Step 4.] Step forward on the right foot, heel/ball, turning 3/8 right face with strong rotary action and body rise. [Step 5.] Take weight on the left foot and continue right face spin turning 3/8. Maintain the right foot in front of the left foot in CBMP. [Step 6.] Continue the right face spin turning 1/4 on the ball of the left foot to end nearly facing LOD lowering to flat of the left foot.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing RLOD. [Step 1.] Step back on the left foot, toe, heel, toe, turning 3/8 right face with strong rotary action and body rise. Maintain the right foot in front between man’s feet. [Step 2.] Step forward taking weight on the right foot and continue right face spin turning 3/8. Maintain the left foot in back of the right in CBMP. [Step 3.] Continue the right face spin on the ball of the right foot turning 1/4 to end nearly facing RLOD lowering to the flat of the right foot. [Step 4.] Step back on the left foot, toe, heel, toe, turning 3/8 right face with strong rotary action and body rise. Maintain the right foot in front between man’s feet. [Step 5.] Step forward taking weight on the right foot and continue right face spin turning 3/8. Maintain the left foot in back of the right in CBMP. [Step 6.] Continue the right face spin on the ball of the right foot turning 1/4 to end nearly facing RLOD lowering to the flat of the right foot.

GENERAL NOTES

This figure is used sparingly because it is contrary to the normal rhythm pattern. Because of this, descriptions are written in a least two measures. There is no sway because of the strong rotary action. The figure is normally followed by a Natural Turn to complete the rotary action or by a repeat of the figure. The partners should feel they are circling around a pole placed between them.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 6 - 15

Reverse Fleckerl 2 measure - 123 123 Level of Difficulty 8

MAN CP fcng COH - pvt 1/4 LF on B of R stp fwd L sml stp sltly across R w/strong CBM btw W’s ft to fc LOD, pvt on B of L rotating LF 3/8 stp sd w/partial wgt on R to fc DLW, rotating 3/8 LF on B’s of both ft LXIFR taking wgt on L to fc COH; cont trng LF 1/4 pvt on B of L w/bdy ovrtrng fwd R endg as a sd stp to fc RLOD, cont trng 3/8 LF pvt on B of R ft XLIBR end w/wgt on B’s of bth ft fcg DLW, cont trng 3/8 LF until ft uncross sltly apt to end w/wgt on R ft fcg COH;

LADY CP fcng WALL - pvtg 1/4 LF on B of L stp fwd HB on R endg sd fcg LOD, cont trng 3/8 LF pvt on B OF R XLIBR end on B of L & fc DRC, cont trng 3/8 LF pvt on B of L until ft uncross end w/wgt on R and ft sltly apt fcg WALL; using strong CBM & CBMP w/bdy ovrtrng pvt 1/4 LF on B of R slip fwd L sml stp btw M’s ft to end fcg LOD, cont trng 3/8 LF pvt on B of L stp sd endg on B of R to fc DRC, cont trng 3/8 on B of R allowing L to XIFR endg on B of L to fc WALL;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise &Fall

Technique

1

1

COH

fwd L sml stp btw W’s ft

1/4 LF

bdy ovrtrns

HB none

pvtg on B of R stp fwd L sltly XIFR use strong CBM end fcg RLOD

2

2

RLOD

sd R

3/8 LF btw 1 & 2

B of L (ft

F) end B of R

-

pvt on B of L to end with partial wgt on B of R fcg DLW

3

3

DLW

XLIFR

3/8 LF btw 2 & 3

B (ft F)

-

rotate on B’s of bth ft end with L Xed in frnt of R fcg COH

4

1

COH

fwd R

endg sd R

1/4 LF btw 3 & 4

bdy ovrtrns

HB -

pvtg on B of L stp fwd R end fcg RLOD

5

2

RLOD

sd L XLIBR

3/8 LF btw 4 & 5

B of R (ft

F) end B of L

-

pvt on B of R swing L ft in bk of R to end with partial wgt on B of L fcg DLW

6

3

DW

chg wgt to R with ft sltly apt

3/8 LF btw 5 & 6

B (ft F)

-

cont trng until ft uncross end fcg COH

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Viennese Waltz

Reverse Fleckerl (continued)

VW - Fig 6 - 16

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

WALL

fwd R endg

sd 1/4 LF

HB

none

pvt on B of L fc RLOD

2

2

LOD

XLIBR

3/8 LF btw 1 & 2

B of R to(ft F) end B of

L -

pvt on B of R swing L bhd R endg on B of L fcg DLC

3

3

DRC

piv LF on L chg wgt to R

3/8 LF btw 2 & 3

B of L end B of R to (ft F)

-

cont trng until ft uncross with ft sltly apt end fcg WALL

4

1

WALL

slip L sml stp btw M’s

ft

1/4 LF btw 3 & 4 bdy ovrtrns

HB

-

pvt LF on B of R with CBMP & strong CBM end fcg LOD

5

2

LOD

step sd R

3/8 LF btw 4 & 5

B of L end B of R (ft F)

-

pvt on B of L end fcg DLC

6

3

DLC

XLIFR

3/8 LF 5 & 6

B of R end B of L (ft F)

-

cont trng on B of R allowg L to XIFR with wgt chg to L fcg WALL

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing COH on ball of right foot. [Step 1.] Pivot left face 1/4 on the ball of right foot step forward small step on ball of left with strong CBM and body over turning to face RLOD. [Step 2.] Continue turning 3/8 left face between steps 1 and 2 pivot on ball of left going from ball of left foot to flat taking partial weight to the ball of the right foot to end facing DLW. [Step 3.] Continue turning 3/8 left face between steps 2 and 3 rotating on balls of both feet allowing left to cross in front of right taking weight on left foot ending to face COH. [Step 4.] Continue turning 1/4 left face between steps 3 and 4 pivoting on the ball of left foot with body over turning . Step forward on the right foot heel/ball ending as a side step because of the rotation to end facing RLOD. [Step 5.] Continue turning 3/8 left face between steps 4 and 5 pivoting on ball of right foot. Swing left foot crossing in back of the right foot taking partial weight on the ball of the left foot. [Step 6.] Continue turning 3/8 left face between steps 5 and 6 on the balls of both feet allowing feet to uncross to end with weight on the right foot flat with feet slightly apart facing COH.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing WALL on ball of left foot. [Step 1.] Pivoting on the ball of left foot 1/4 left face, step forward on the right foot heel/ball ending as a side step because of the rotation to end facing LOD. [Step 2.] Continue turning 3/8 left face between steps 1 and 2 pivot on the ball of right (foot flat) and swing left foot crossing in back of the right foot taking partial weight to the ball of the left foot. [Step 3.] Continue turning 3/8 left face between steps 2 and 3 on ball of left foot until feet uncross ending with weight on the right foot (foot flat) with feet slightly apart facing WALL. [Step 4.] Continue turning 1/4 left face over turning the body between steps 3 and 4 pivoting on the ball of right foot. Slip the left

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Viennese Waltz

Reverse Fleckerl (continued)

VW - Fig 6 - 17

foot forward and across in CBMP with strong CBM a small step heel ball of left foot between man’s feet to end facing RLOD. [Step 5.] Continue turning 3/8 left face between steps 4 and 5 pivoting on ball of left foot (foot flat). Step side on the ball of right foot to face DRC. [Step 6.] Continue to turn 3/8 left face between steps 5 and 6 on the ball of right foot. Allow left foot to cross in front of right foot ending on ball of right foot (foot flat) facing WALL.

GENERAL NOTES

There is no rise and fall or sway. Both partners need to keep a high body throughout. Because of the fast rotary action, the partners should imagine moving in a tight circle around a central pole between them. There are no standard number of steps but most dancers prefer at least one repetition (12 steps). The technique throughout is for rotations to be made on the ball of the supporting foot with the heel close to the floor for more stability. ( Ball of Foot - Foot Flat as described in chart)

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Viennese Waltz

Reverse Fleckerl (continued)

VW - Fig 6 - 18

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Viennese Waltz

VW – Fig 1 - 3

S#5 2001

Reverse Turn

2 measures - 123 123 Level of Difficulty 4

MAN CP fcng LOD - Fwd L strt LF trn, cont trng sd & sltly bk R, cont trng X LIFR to fc RLOD; bk R RLOD strt LF trn, sd L cont trng, cont trng cl R to L fc LOD;

LADY CP fcng RLOD - Bk R strt LF trn, cont trng sd L, cont trng cl R to L; fwd L strt LF trn, cont trn sd R, cont trng XLIFR fc RLOD;

MAN Step #

Timing Facing

Alignment Step

&Direction

Body Turn

Footwork Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

LOD

fwd L twd LOD

slt LF btw precdg stp & 1

HT

slt lwrng btw EO precdg stp & 1

CBM very slt L sway

2

2

LOD

sd & sltly bk R WL

1/4 LF btw 1 & 2

T

fin lwrg & strt rise btw

1 & 2

very slt L sway

3

3

COH

XLIFR

1/4 LF btw 2

& 3 TH

fin rise btw 2 & 3

lwr EO3

no sway

4

1

RLOD

bk & sltly sd R

T trnd in

1/8 LF btw 3 & 4

TF

slt lwrng btw 3 & 4

rise EO4

CBM- very slt R sway

5

2

DRW

sd L T ptng LOD

3/8 LF btw 4 & 5 bdy trns less

T

fin lwrg & strt rise btw 4 & 5

very slt R sway

6

3

almost LOD

cl R to L

bdy fin trn btw 5 & 6

TF

fin slt rise btw 5 & 6 to strt lwrg

no sway

LADY

Step #

Timing Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction

Body Turn

Footwork Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

RLOD

bk & sltly sd Rt

T trnd in

slt LF 1/8 btw precdg stp & 1

TH

slt lwrng btw EO precdg stp & 1

CBM R sway

2

2

WALL

sd L ptg btw DW & LOD

3/8 btw 1 & 2 bdy trns less

T

fin lwrg & strt rise btw

1 & 2 R sway

3

3

almost LOD

cl R to L

bdy comp trn btw 2 & 3

TH almost F

fin slt rise btw 2 & 3 ready to lwr

no sway

4

1

LOD

fwd L

slt LF btw 3 & 4

HT

slt lwrg btw 3 & 4

CBM L sway

5

2

COH

sd & sltly bk btw WL & DW

1/4- btw 4 & 5

T

fin lwrg &strt rise btw 4 &

5 L sway

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Reverse Turn (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW – Fig 1 - 4

S#5 2001

6

3

almost RLOD

swvl R, XLIFR

1/4 btw 5 & 6

TH

fin slt rise btw 5 & 6 ready to lwr

no sway

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position. [Step 1.] Lower (downswing) & sway slightly left start body rise and rotary action to the left stepping forward on the left turning slightly left face. [Step 2.] Continue rotary action step side and slightly back turning 1/4 left face on the right toe to the WALL with slight body rise to end facing COH. [Step 3.] Continuing momentum from the rotary action turn left face 1/4 with body and foot rise without sway. Cross left tightly in front of right to end facing RLOD and start to lower on the end of count. [Step 4.] Step backward and slightly to the side with the right toe turned in turning 1/8 left face continuing the rotary action. Lowering slightly to the flat of foot to face DRW. This develops the somewhat downward swinging action. [Step 5.] Turning 3/8 left face, step to the side on left with toe almost pointing toward LOD. Finish lowering and start to rise slightly continuing the rotary action with body turning less. [Step 6.] Closing the right to left with no sway continue the slight body rise toe/flat with body finishing the turn to face almost LOD ready to lower.

LADY Start in Closed Position. [Step 1.] Step backward on the right toe with slight body lowering to nearly flat foot using a slight left sway from the waist up in combination with CBM to the left. [Step 2.] Step forward on left toe with increased rotary action (more than the man) to end facing nearly DW with some body rise. [Step 3.] Close right to left with toe to heel and end nearly flat footed while remaining in Closed Position but losing the slight left face body sway. [Step 4.] Step forward on left while shaping left (CBM) going from light heel contact to toe, now developing a slight right sway from the waist up. [Step 5.] Step side and slightly back on right toe backing between wall and DW. Still holding the little right sway to end facing RLOD. (Step 6.) Allow left to cross tightly in front of right while losing sway and lowering to heel in preparation for the next figure.

GENERAL NOTES

The rotary action is enhanced if the lady places her left side well into the man’s right arm while keeping close contact at the waist level. The rise and fall is more shallow in comparison to International Waltz to allow for the three steps which are characterized as “downswing,” “transition,” and “upswing,” all done in a subtle manner. A dancer may take a little time from steps 3 and 6 to get a skimming action not unlike that used in slow foxtrot (see timing in chart for Steps 2 and 5). The Reverse Turn is widely used in Tango where it is called a “Viennese Turn.” Timing is Q,Q,& for each segment of the turn. Footwork is basically the same as in the fast waltz but no wide side steps are used and there is no rise and fall, obviously no sway by the lady.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 5 - 13

Right Hinge 2 measures -123 123 Level of Difficulty 6

MAN CP fcng DLC -sd R trng R 1/8, cont trng body R 1/8 to fc LOD, flex R knee in; cont trng slide L twd DRC, rise on R trng L, cl L to R to CP ;

LADY CP fcng DRW - sd L to fc RLOD, trn RF brush R to L, trn bring R bk; sd & bk twd WALL, rise trn LF, cl LIFR fc DRW;

MAN Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

DLC

sd R

1/8 + RF

IE of R to Flat

lower

roll up on R

2

2

near LOD

hld on R

1/8 - RF

Flat

dwn

sml rise L sway

3

3

LOD

-

nil

-

dwn

flex R knee inward

4

1

-

-

slt RF

-

dwn

L T twd DRC

5

2

-

-

1/8 LF

T

start rise

rec draw L to R

6

3

btw LOD & DLC

draw L to R no wgt

1/8 LF

TH

up

lwr EO6

lead lady to CP end fcng DLC

LADY Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step & Direction

Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1 1

DRW

sd L

1/8 RF-

IE of L to Flat

lwr

end on M=s R sd

2

2

near RLOD

draw R to L

1/8 RF+

Flat

dwn

no ft rise

3

3

RLOD

bk R past L

1/8 RF

T

start rise

falwy action

4

1

COH

sd & sltly bk

R

nil TH

lwr

comp hinge pt L

5

2

COH

sd R

1/8+ LF

HT

start rise

strt to fc M

6

3

almost DRC

cl L to R

1/4- LF

TH

up

lwr EO6 XLIFR

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Right Hinge (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 5 - 14

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing DLC after lowering on left from previous figure. [Step 1.] Step to Side on right using the inside edge of foot and going to a flat foot to face approximately LOD. [Step 2.] Holding the right foot in place continue a right face body turn with a small rise and develop some left sway. The left knee should veer inward as the right hip is centered over the right leg. [Step 3.] Continue the sideward movement and allow the right knee to flex a little while maintaining the upper body position. [Step 4.] Holding the right knee in flexed position slide the left toe sideward toward DRC and accompany this with a slight right turning body line. [Step 5.] Start a recovery by rising slightly from the right leg and start a left face turn, bringing the left toward the right. [Step 6.] Close left to right without weight, now in normal Closed Position and facing DLC.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing DRW after lowering on right from previous figure. [Step 1.] Step to side on left using the inside edge of foot and going to a flat foot to position yourself on the man’s right side. [Step 2.] Brush right toward left and continue with a right face turning action. [Step 3.] Start what will feel like a Fallaway as the right is brought back past the left while developing a forward sway. [Step 4.] Complete the hinging action by allowing the right heel to lightly touch the floor and keeping the head well to the left. This step will be taken toward the wall with a fairly wide reach. [Step 5.] Begin a body rise and a left face turn toward the man while stepping sideward on the right foot. [Step 6.] Blend back to closed position by closing left to right. The usual action is to allow the left to cross in front of right, as in the Reverse Turn, now facing DRW.

GENERAL NOTES

This figure normally follows a Natural Turn which ends with the man facing Diagonal Line and Center of Hall. Because of the faster dance tempo this hinge line takes 6 counts, including the recovery movement required. Ladies will use the forward to left sway, then lose it on the recovery as in the usual hinging action.

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 14 - 43

Shadow Wheel to Underarm Turn

4 measure - 123 123 123 123 Level of Difficulty 5

MAN SKTRS pos fcng LOD on L - fwd R trng RF raising jnd L hnds, sd L cont trng rel R hndhld & ldg lady twd L sd, stp bk R cont trng RF & ldg lady undr raised jnd L hnds to L SHDW pos lwrg hnds to end fcng almost DRC; bk L cont trng RF pl R hnd bhnd bk jng R/R hnds, sd R rel L/L hnds ldg lady bhnd bk to R sd , fwd L sml stp to fc LOD ldg lady fwd in R SHDW pos; fwd R in CBMP ldg lady fwd raising R/R hnds, hold pos & ld lady to undr arm trn, cl L to R as lady cont trng; stp sd R in frnt of lady, drw L to R lwrg hnds, tch L to R rel hnds blending to CP fcng LOD;

LADY SKTRS pos fcng LOD on L - fwd R trng RF raising jnd L hnds, sd L cont trng RF & strt undr arm trn trvlg in frnt & twd man’s L sd, cont trng stp bk on R lwring jnd hnds in frnt; bk L cont trng to end in bk of man jng R/R hnds bhnd man’s bk, rel L hndhld mvng twd man’s R sd, fwd L sml stp to R SHDW pos; fwd R twd LOD raising R/R hnds, fwd L strt a RF undr arm trn, cont trng on R to end fcng WALL; cont trng on L, fwd R twd man & RLOD, blend to CP & cl L to R;

MAN

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

fwd R trng

1/8 RF

HT

rise sltly

strt to raise jnd L hnds

2

2

DLW

sd L trng

1/4 RF

T

sltly up

ld lady undr jnd hnds to L sd

3

3

DRW

bk R trng

1/8+ RF

TH

lwr sltly EO3

rel R hnd from lady’s waist - CBMP

4

1

btw DRC & RLOD

bk L trng

1/8+ RF

TH

dwn

jn R hnds bhnd bk

5

2

COH

sd R trng

1/8 RF

T

rise sltly

rel L hnds

6

3

DLC

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

TH

lwr sltly EO6

ld lady fwd to R sd SHDW pos

7

1

LOD

fwd R trng

slt LF

TH

up sltly

CBMP raise jnd R/R hnds

8

2

-

hold

slt RF

F of R

up sltly

ld lady to wide undr arm trn

9

3

-

cl L to R

nil

TH

lwr sltly

10

1

-

sd R

-

IE of

WF to F rise sltly

stp sd to end in frnt of lady

11

2

-

drw L to R

-

IE of L

up

lwr & rel R hnds

12

3

-

tch L to R

-

T of L

lwr EO12

end in CP fcng LOD

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Shadow Wheel to Underarm Turn (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 14 - 44

LADY

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

fwd R trng

1/8 RF

HT

slt rise

strt to raise jnd L hnds

2

2

DLW

sd L trng

1/4 RF

T

up

strt undr arm trn in frnt & twd man’s L sd

3

3

DRW

bk R trng

1/8+ RF

TH

slt lwrg EO3

comp undr arm trn & lwrg jnd L hnds in frnt of waist

4

1

btw DRC & rlod

bk L trng

1/8+ RF

TH

dwn

end in bk of man & jn R/R hnds in bk

5

2

COH

sd R trng

1/8 RF

T

slt rise

6

3

D LC

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

TH

slt lwrg EO6

SHDW pos man’s R sd

7

1

LOD

fwd R trng

nil

HT

slt rise

pass on man’s R sd strt to raise jnd R hnds

8

2

LOD

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

T

up

9

3

DLW

fwd R trng

1/8 RF

T

up

10

1

WALL

fwd L trng

1/8 RF

TH

slt lwrg EO10

11

2

DRW

fwd R sml stp trng

1/8 RF

F

dwn

strt RF trn undr jnd R hnds a wide circ undr arm trn in 4 stps

12

3

RLOD

sd L sml stp

nil

IE TO F

dwn

end in CP fcng RLOD

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Skaters Position facing line of dance [Step 1.] Forward right start a right face wheel while beginning to lift joined left/left hands. [Step 2.] Side left continuing, start lady under joined hands turning right face. [Step 3.] Back on right continue turning, lead lady under raised hands to face same direction back and on left side. [Step 4.] Back left continue right face turn and joining right/right hands in back. [Step 5.] Side right release, release left/left hands to lead lady across back while turning right face. [Step 6.] Forward left small step to face line of dance start lady forward to right side. [Step 7.] Forward right somewhat diagonally across left start lady forward while lifting right/right hands and shaping to the right. [Step 8.] Hold position and lead lady to start wide right face underarm turn - lose sway. [Step 9.] Close left to right as lady continues underarm turn. [Step 10.] Side right far enough to match lady’s position coming out of turn. [Step 11.] Start to lower right/right hands while drawing left toward right. [Step 12.] Touch left toe to right and drop joined hands to blend to Closed Position facing line of dance.

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Shadow Wheel to Underarm Turn (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 14 - 45

LADY Start in Skaters Position facing line of dance weight on left. [Step 1.] Forward right start a right face turn while beginning to lift joined left/left hands. [Step 2.] Side left continue right face turn start right face under arm turn. [Step 3.] Back right continue turning to face same direction as man. [Step 4.] Back left continue right face turn, now behind man’s back on his left side to join right/right hands in front. [Step 5.] Release left hand hold while stepping side and around turning right face on right moving towards man’s right side. [Step 6.] Forward left small step to right shadow position on man’s right side. [Step 7.] Forward right passing toward line of dance on man’s right side start to raise joined right/right hands. [Step 8.] Forward left start right face underarm turn. [Step 9.] Continue turning on right to end facing wall. [Step 10.] Continue underarm turn on left. [Step 11.] Forward right toward RLOD to match man’s position while releasing hand hold. [Step 12.] Small step to the side on left blending to Closed Position.

GENERAL NOTES

There is no foot rise in this figure, only some body rise. Care must taken that the man and lady both face the same direction for the first six steps. On step 7 the man must “shape” to allow the lady to pass his right side in preparation for the lady’s Underarm Turn in front of him.

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Shadow Wheel to Underarm Turn (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 14 - 46

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Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 15 - 47

Throwaway Oversway Line

2 measure - 123 123 Level of Difficulty 6

MAN CP fcng LOD - sd & slty bk trng 1/4 LF, cont trng 1/8 LF w/upper bdy, cont a slt LF bdy trn with R in pl; lwr wth full ext of R & bdy trng to LOD, rise on L trng RF 1/4, drw R no wgt twd L end in CP fcg LOD;

LADY CP fcng RLOD - sd & sltly fwd R trng 1/4 LF, cont trng 1/8 LF brush L to R, cont trng sltly LF on R & prepare for throwaway strtg to ext L bkwd w/o wgt; lwrg fully ext L bk, rise on R trng RF 1/4, cont trng RF 1/4 brush L to R no wgt end in CP fcng RLOD;

MAN

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

LOD

sd & sltly bk L ptg DRC

1/4 LF

F of R to IE of L

slt rise

sway L

2

2

COH

hld in pl

1/8 LF

TH of L

slt rise

lose sway

3

3

DRC

hld in pl

slt LF

F of L

no rise

slt R sway

4

1

btw DRC & RLOD

ext R

slt LF

F of L

slt lwrg

upsweep

5

2

RLOD

draw R twd

L 1/4 RF

B of L

slt rise

rotate RF on B of L

6 3 COH cl R to L no wgt 1/4 RF

B to F of L

up, lwr EO 6

cont to rotate on L draw R bk to L end in CP fcg LOD

LADY

Step #

Timing

Facing

Alignment

Step &

Direction Body Turn

Footwork

Rise & Fall

Technique

1

1

RLOD

sd & sltly fwd R

1/4 LF

HT

dwn strt rise

2

2

WALL

cont trn

brush L to R 1/8 LF

B of L

slt rise

slt LF swvl on L

3

3

DLW

strt extng L bk

slt LF

B of L

no rIse

Start to shape twd Throwaway

4

1

btw DLW & LOD

ext L bk, cont bdy trn, R in pl

slt LF

T of L

slt lwrg

L sway

5

2

RLOD

draw L twd

R 1/4 RF

HT

slt rise

RF swvl on R

6

3

WALL

cont trn on R in pl, cl L to R no wgt

1/4 RF

TH

up lwr EO 6

end CP fcng RLOD

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Throwaway Oversway (continued) Viennese Waltz

VW - Fig 15 - 48

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

MAN Start in Closed Position facing LOD [Step 1.] Step side and slightly back on the left foot with the toe pointing DRC, turning 1/4 left face, using a slight body rise and left sway. [Step 2.] Remain in place continuing a body rotation to the left 1/8 with loss of the left sway. [Step 3.] Continue the body turn and allow the extended right leg to veer inward while changing sway to the right. [Step 4.] Develop full Oversway line, with upper body facing nearly RLOD and left knee flexed with full extension of the right leg and the inside edge of the right toe to the side. [Step 5.] Rise on the left foot starting a right rotation turning 1/4 and starting to draw the right foot toward the left foot. [Step 6.] Using a swiveling action to continue the right rotation turning 1/4 on the left foot draw the right foot to the left foot with no weight to end in Closed Position facing LOD.

LADY Start in Closed Position facing RLOD. [Step 1.] Step side and somewhat around the man turning 1/4 left face on the right foot with a slight body rise. [Step 2.] Continue rotation turning 1/8 plus left face on the right foot brushing the left foot to the right preparing to centralize the body weight and extension of the left foot. [Step 3.] Continue rotation turning slightly left face on the right to almost face LOD preparing for the throwaway and moving the left foot (toe) toward RLOD. [Step 4.] Fully extend the left foot (toe) backward without weight with the head turned strongly to the left and developing a left sway. [Step 5.] Slide the left toe slightly forward while rising on the right foot turning 1/4 right face using a swiveling action on the right foot. [Step 6.] Continue rising and rotating 1/4 right face on the right foot to end in Closed Position facing RLOD, brushing the left foot, no weight, to the right.

GENERAL NOTES

The figure is primarily used to link the Reverse Fleckerl to the Natural Fleckerl. It can be used after a Natural Turn. The main consideration is that the partners must concentrate on going from a high body line to a concave type of configuration. The body rise in this figure is minimal as the man must lead counts 3 and 4 in an upsweep direction while changing sway from left to right. Partners should try to achieve a face-to-face X-line type of look with shoulders well back from the waist contact. The brushes used in this figure are not complete and are better described as “almost brushes.”