vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

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Dental Prophylaxis Review

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Page 1: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Dental Prophylaxis

Review

Page 2: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Canine Dentition

Page 3: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Feline Dentition

Page 4: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Oral Exam and History • Patient history is very important for safety of the

patient. • Animal is put under elective anesthesia for dental

procedures. • Oral exam includes evaluation of the following:

• Face• Head• Neck• Occlusion• Intraoral structure

• Soft tissues• Teeth• Surrounding structures

Page 5: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Oral Exam/Periodontal Exam • Periodontium attachment structures of the teeth

includes:• Gingival connective tissue• Alveolar bone• Periodontal ligament• Cementum

• Examine for: • Mobility• Fracture/chips • Gingiva-Inflammation, hyperplasia, neoplasia • Sulcus depth(normal 0-3 mm)• Furcation exposure

Page 6: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Mobility Scoring • Stage 0: Physiological mobility 0.2mm.• Stage 1: Mobility is increased in any

direction 0.2-0.5mm.• Stage 2: Mobility is increased in any

direction 0.5 to 1 mm.• Stage 3: Mobility is increased in any

direction more than 1 mm.

Page 7: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Periodontal Disease • Gingivitis-inflammation of the gingiva.• Periodontitis-inflammation of all

structures of periodontum. • Four grades of periodontal disease.

• Review Chapter 6 of Holstrom: Veterinary Dentistry a Team Approach

Page 8: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Four Grades of Periodontal Disease

Page 9: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Periodontal Debridement • Done before scaling. • Manual removal of large plaque from

teeth.• Remove both hard and soft plaque both

supragingival and subgingival. • When debriding, make sure to use

cuffed ET tube and angle the patient’s head down so debris does is not aspirated.

Page 10: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Power Scaling: Energy → Vibration• When scaling, bacteria becomes aerosolized; be sure all

proper safety equipment is worn (face mask, goggles, gloves, gown).

• Power scaling instruments have a water cooled tip. • Allows for quick and effective cleaning.

• Sonic Scaler- powered by an air compressor on the dental unit, attached to a high speed air line.• Elliptical motion created by the air exiting the shaft.

• Ultrasonic Scaler-uses electrical energy that’s converted to sound waves creating rapid vibrations. Effectively removes biofilm and hard plaque.• Piezoelectric• Magnetostrictive

• Review chapter 3 of Holstrom

Page 11: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Ultrasonic Scaling

Ultrasonic scaling tip should never be at 90 degree angle toward tooth surface, the tip will cause damage to the enamel.

Page 12: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Hand Scalers • In general, consist of three parts:

• Handle• Shank• Working end

• Shank can be straight or bent. • Straight shank best for rostral teeth.• Bent better to reach more distal teeth.

• Types of scalers:• Sickle-Supragingival scaling• Curette-Subgingival scaling

Page 13: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Hand Scalers

Review Chapter 34 of McCurnin’s Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 8th Edition.

Scaler parts include the Face, Cutting Edge and Tip

Curette parts include the Toe, Face and Cutting Edge.

Page 14: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Polishing • Smooths surface of teeth after scaling.• Abrasive agent is used as prophy paste. • Polisher cup (on the prophy angle) on low speed

hand piece either electrical or powered by air compressor.

Page 15: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Single-Root Extraction In the state of California, licensed veterinary technicians

are legally allowed to perform simple, or single-root extractions under the direct supervision of a licensed veterinarian.

Step 1: sever the gingival attachment using a dental elevator or a root tip pick.

Step 2: vertically rotate the elevator around the tooth increasing the space applying slow, steady pressure.

Step 3: continue applying pressure to break the periodontal ligament and exfoliate tooth.

Review chapter 12 in Holstrom: Veterinary Dentistry a Team Approach

Page 16: Vet 2300 dental prophylaxis

Dental Nerve Blocks • Infraorbital/rostral maxillary • Mental/rostral mandibular • Mandibular/caudal mandibular • Maxillary /caudal maxillary

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Infraorbital/Rostral Maxillary

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Mental/Rostral Mandibular Block

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Maxillary/Caudal Maxillary

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Mandibular/Caudal Mandibular