Verbs

Verbs

Sentence = Subject + Predicate Predicate = the VERB Verb = tells what the subject of the sentence is, has,

does, or feels Mary works at the hospital. She loves her job. She helps the doctor. She treats the patients.

Action Verbs

Physical action that can be seen by other people • The girl runs around the neighborhood.• He eats the potato chips.

Mental action that cannot be seen • I like the book better than the movie. • We decided to go to the beach.

Being Verbs

Express a state of beingDo not refer to an action of any sortSimply tell what the subject is • Chelsea is the veterinarian's assistant.• She seems afraid of the dogs. • One dog looks angry.• The dogs are hungry.

Common Being Verbs

Chart from page 100 in your textbook.

Forms of be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

Other Being Verbs appear, become, feel, grow, look, seem, remain, smell, sound, stay, taste

Try It Out – pg. 101

Linking Verbs

A linking verb links, or connects, the subject with a noun or an adjective in the predicate that names or describes the subject. • Coby is a dog.

• Coby is small.

Underline the linking verb & draw an arrow showing which words are linked by the verb.

The huge diamond mine is now a museum.

The farm animals looked quite content.

Linking Verbs

Some verbs can function as either linking verbs or action verbs• Linking Verbs

The laundry smells fresh. The patient felt tired.

• Action Verbs The woman smells the perfume. She felt the patient’s forehead.

To Help You Decide…

Try substituting is or are for the verb – if the sentence still makes sense, the verb is most likely a linking verb• The cats look scared. (The cats are scared)• The dog’s bark sounds vicious. (The dog’s bark is vicious.)

Try It Out – pg. 102

Action or Linking Verb

He resigned in 1779 because of ill health.

Burr and Alexander Hamilton were longtime enemies.

Gary came from a well-known family.

Capybaras (from page 103)

Capybaras, which look like their guinea pig cousins,

are much bigger. They sometimes reach 140 pounds

and grow four feet high and four feet long. One

feature seems odd: they have fourteen toes, four

on each front foot.

Capybaras continued…

These large rodents thrive in South America, and they

often live to ten years in the wild. They communicate

with one another by whistles and barks, which sound

strange indeed. Grasses taste great to capybaras; they

chomp on plants almost twenty-four hours a day!

Verb Phrases

Verb phrase = a group of words that acts as a single verb One or more helping verbs followed by a main

verb The main verb expresses the action or state of

being Tiny water droplets have been gathering. They will form a cloud.

Common Helping Verbs

Be, am, is, areWas, were, beenHas, have, hadDoes, do, didCan, couldShall, shouldWill, wouldMight, may

Underline the verb phrase.

My classmates and I will soon be computer experts.

Can you believe my good fortune?

I was surfing the Internet in the computer lab.

Underline verb phrase, Circle the helping verb

Perhaps we should learn more about birth celebrations in other countries.

Families will sometimes buy a cake for a birthday party.

Some verbs can be either main verbs OR helping verbs…

Helping It is raining outside.

I have bought new boots.

Main The street is wet.

They have wooly linings.

Sometimes…

…other words come between the parts of a verb phrase The sun will soon have disappeared behind the

clouds.

Can you see any blue sky?

I have not been outside lately.

Don’t go out in this weather.

Not and it’s contraction are not part of the verb phrase

Try It Out pg. 105

What is not part of the verb phrase?

Please don’t forget my e-mail address.

We will probably exchange e-mails all summer long.

Summing Up

A verb phrase is a group of words functioning as a single verb.

The main verb in a verb phrase expresses the action or the state of being. The other verbs are helping verbs.

On your own pg. 105-106

Simple Verb Tenses

TENSE of the verb identifies when something occurs

Present tense -> study

Past tense -> studied

Future tense -> will study

• Rules for Forming Verb Tenses (pg. 107)

Try It Out pg. 108, #’s 1-13

Be, have, and do

There are NO simple rules for forming the tenses of be, have, and do

be have do

Singular subjects:

I

You

He, she, it (or singular noun)

(present, past)

am, was

are, were

is, was

(present, past)

have, had

have, had

has, had

(present, past)

do, did

do, did

does, did

Plural subjects:

We

You

They (or plural noun)

(present, past)

are, were

are, were

are, were

(present, past)

have, had

have, had

have, had

(present, past)

do, did

do, did

do, did

First a seed was planted in the soil.

After a few days, the seed had opened.

Did the stem split the seed in two?

This seed has already been split.

Kidney beans ______ first cultivated in South and Central America. (be – past)

Michigan _______ manufactured over 700 million pounds of dry beans this year. (have – present)

Aimee, ______ you know it is not illegal to kill a praying mantis? (do – present)

Let’s Review…

Pg. 112 – “Restaurant Reviews”

Perfect Tenses

Every verb has 4 basic forms called Principal Parts: the present (or base)

the present participle

the past

the past participle

• Let’s look at the chart in your book on page 113

Principal Parts

Verb Present Participle

Past Past Participle

Paint (is) painting painted (has) painted

Guess (is) guessing guessed (has) guessed

Carry (is) carrying carried (has) carried

Love (is) loving loved (has) loved

Plan (is) planning planned (has) planned

Principal parts are NOT tenses. They are the main forms of verbs from which tenses are formed.

Perfect Tenses

present perfect, past perfect, future perfect

The 3 perfect tenses are made up of a form of the verb “have” and the past participle

Perfect tenses = form of “have” + past participle

“Have” is a _________ verb?

Present Perfect Tense

Tells about an action that took place at an indefinite time in the past.

The action may still be going on… started in the past and continues into the present

People have used computers in offices since the 1970s.

Past Perfect Tense

Tells about an action in the past that was completed before another action took place.

People had used typewriters before the invention of computers.

Future Perfect Tense

Tells about an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

People will have developed faster computers before the end of this decade.

Try It Out, pg. 114 “Summing Up”

QUIZ #2 REVIEW

Simple Verb Tenses:Present – studyPast – studiedFuture – will study

You will have to highlight or underline the verb in each sentence & write what tense it is.

Their garden provided most of the meal.

QUIZ #2 REVIEW

be, have, & do Your colorful chart! USE IT!

You will have to complete sentences with the form of the verb shown in parentheses.

Potatoes __________ root vegetables. (be – present)

QUIZ #2 REVIEW

You will have to circle or highlight the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.

I (am, is) not sure about that.

(Has, Have) you read about the largest carrot?

QUIZ #2 REVIEW

Perfect Tenses: Present perfect: Irene has exercised today. Past perfect: Irene had exercised before. Future perfect: Irene will have exercised by

5:00pm.

Some hints to help you remember… Present perfect will use HAS or HAVE Past perfect will use HAD Future perfect will always have the word WILL

Scientists have discovered vitamins only recently.

8. Progressive forms

Express action in progress…

Poison ivy has been growing in the woods.

Richard was collecting firewood in that area.

Now his hands and arms are itching.

NOT a separate tense

Tells about continuing action in the present, the past, or the future

Progressive forms

Present Progressive We are studying plants in school now.

Past Progressive We were studying plants when the bell rang.

Future Progressive We will be studying plants again tomorrow.

Progressive forms

Present Perfect Progressive We have been studying plants for several days.

Past Perfect Progressive We had been studying plants for only a day when we had

our field.

Future Perfect Progressive We will have been studying plants for weeks by the time

our project is done.

Expresses action that is received by a noun or a pronoun in the predicate

The noun or pronoun that receives the action is called the DIRECT OBJECT

Peyton threw the ball to his receiver.

The crowd cheered Peyton Manning as he completed the pass.

9. Transitive Verbs

DOES NOT send its action to a noun or pronounTherefore it does not have an object

Transitive vs. Intransitive

The crowd cheered Peyton Manning as he completed the pass.

The crowd cheered wildly.

Intransitive Verbs

#3 on pg. 129 Ask yourself whom? or what? after the verb.

Cheered whom? Cheered what?

If the answer is a noun or pronoun transitive If there is no answer to the question intransitive

Peyton threw the ball to his receiver. The crowd cheered wildly.

How can you tell…

Linking verbs are ALWAYS INTRANSITIVE Do not express action

The Broncos are the winners.

The Cowboys seem confident about their win.

The Eagles are in first place now.

Our old friend the linking verb…

Try It Out on pg. 130, #’s 3-8

Direct Object: noun, pronoun (or word group) that tells who or what receives the action of the verb

Rosie’s grandmother hugged her. Rosie’s grandmother hugged whom? Her. HER receives the action of the verb HUGGED

Did Mary read The Great Gatsby last summer? Did Mary read what? The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby receives the action of the verb READ

10. Direct & Indirect Objects

Not every sentence has a Direct Object

Direct Object can never follow a verb that does not express action (linking verb, being verb)

Gary seemed happy.

10. Direct vs. Indirect Objects

Two or more direct objects that complete the meaning of the same verb

Nadine has invited Phil, Maria, and Tom to the movies. Nadine invited whom? Phil, Maria, Tom Phil, Maria, Tom receive the action of the verb invite

Compound Direct Object

Try It Out pg. 132 #s 1-8 Find the direct object or objects in each sentence.

1. Worker bees perform many different tasks in their hive.

2. They make wax and build honeycombs.

3. They also clean the hive and guard the entrance.

4. The larger workers collect nectar, pollen, and water and store it in the hive.

5. The smaller ones rarely leave the nest.

6. A group of worker bees surrounds the extremely important queen bee at all times.

7. The queen bee lays the eggs for the hive.

8. The workers clean her and bring special food to her.

Noun, pronoun (or word group) that usually comes between the verb and direct object

Tells who or what was affected by the action I showed Vince the fireflies.

I.O. D.O.

The fireflies gave us a good show. I.O. D.O.

Indirect Objects

Tells to whom or to what OR for whom or for what the verb of the action is done The principal gave her an award.

Direct Object?

Indirect Object?

My mom sent me a card. Direct Object?

Indirect Object?

Indirect Objects

If a word follows to or for it is NOT an indirect object I showed the fireflies to Vince.

The fireflies gave a show for us.

Indirect Objects

Try It Out pg. 134 Find each object in the sentences, is it direct or direct?

15. I asked Ms. Jackson some questions about spiders. I.O. D.O.

16. She lent Mark and me a book of photographs of spider webs.

On Your Own pg. 134 #’s 25-30

Indirect Objects

Direct Object – NOUN or PRONOUN that answers whom or what after the verb

Mrs. Rivera offered Sally a job as a babysitter. What is the verb? Offered Offered whom? Or offered what? Job = D.O.

REMEMBER, the D.O. is receiving the action of the verb. Ask yourself, what is being offered? Or whom is being offered?

Mr. and Mrs. Rivera showed Sally their house. Verb? __________ whom? Or __________ what? __________ = D.O.

Let’s Review…

Direct Object – NOUN or PRONOUN that answers whom or what after the verb

They gave the teenager instructions.

She handed Sally a number to call in case of an emergency.

Sally read Molly a book about a dragon.

Let’s Review…

Indirect Object – NOUN or PRONOUN that tells to whom, for whom, to what or for what the action was done.

Mrs. Rivera offered Sally a job as a babysitter. Verb = offered, D.O. = job Offered job to whom? for whom? to what? OR for what? Offered job to Sally = I.O.

Mr. and Mrs. Rivera showed Sally their house. Verb = showed, D.O. = house Showed to whom? for whom? to what? OR for what? Indirect Object =

Let’s Review…

Indirect Object – NOUN or PRONOUN that tells to whom, for whom, to what or for what the action was done.

They gave the teenager instructions.

She handed Sally a number to call in case of emergency.

Sally read Molly a book about a dragon.

Let’s Review…

Predicate Nouns – completes the linking verb, RENAMES the subject

Predicate Adjectives – completes the linking verb, DESCRIBES the subject

Let’s look back at when we discussed Linking Verbs…

11. Predicate Nouns & Predicate Adjectives

Keats was a great English poet.

His poems remain popular after 150 years.

Shelley and Byron were also writers of the same period.

Poetry often looks different from other forms of writing.

11. Predicate Nouns & Predicate Adjectives

Active Voice – subject is the do-er of the action

Tells what a person or thing does

Subject performs the action, typically comes before the verb

Object tells who/what receives the action, typically comes after the verb

Tom changed the flat tire.

12. Active & Passive Voice

12. Active & Passive Voice

Passive Voice – subject is the receiver of the action

Tells what is done to something or someone

Subject performs the action, now comes after the verb, and typically follows the word “BY”

Object tells who or what receives the action, now comes before the verb

The flat tire was changed by Tom.

Changing ACTIVE to PASSIVE

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.

We are going to watch a movie tonight.

Mom read the novel in one day.

I will clean the house every Saturday.

Tom painted the entire house.

At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry.

A movie is going to be watched by us tonight.

The novel was read by mom in one day.

The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.

The entire house was painted by Tom.

Changing PASSIVE to ACTIVE

Extensive training on the new safety procedures was required to be attended by the maintenance staff. 

1. Verb? 2. Subject?3. Object?

Now flip it & reverse it. Make the subject the do-er of the verb.

The maintenance staff was required to attend extensive training on the new safety procedures.

Changing PASSIVE to ACTIVE

The video was posted on Facebook by Alex.

For the bake sale, two dozen cupcakes will be baked by Susan.

The baby was carried by the kangaroo in her pouch.

The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow.

The application for a new job was faxed by her.

The whole suburb was destroyed by the forest fire.

Alex posted the video on Facebook.

Susan will bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake sale.

The kangaroo carried the baby in her pouch.

The team will celebrate the victory tomorrow.

She faxed her application for a new job.

The forest fire destroyed the whole suburb.

13. Subject-Verb Agreement

Singular subject Singular verbPlural subject Plural verb

Singular Plural

She runs three miles everyday.

I practice for an hour.

It is a Christmas stocking for the dog.

The women in the group run everyday.

We practice for an hour.

They are the new Christmas stockings.

Subject-Verb Agreement Rules

Use a plural verb with subjects joined by AND

My friends and I have different schedules.

My brother and dad are Flyers fans.

Use a singular verb with singular subjects joined by OR or NOR

Either Christmas or Thanksgiving is the best holiday.

Neither she nor he took out the trash.

Use a plural verb with plural subjects joined by OR or NOR

Kangaroos or penguins are my favorite animal.

Neither lions nor tigers should be kept as pets.

If a compound subject has both singular and plural nouns joined

by or or nor, use a verb that agrees with the noun closer to it

Neither the potatoes nor the rice is in the cabinet.

The bread, rice, and apples are in the pantry.

14. Inverted Order

Sentences beginning with here or there

Here is the new store.There are so many sales!

Other declarative sentences In the classroom there is a statue.Downstairs are pictures of our family.

Interrogative sentences Where is the new store?Are there sales going on?

14. Interrupted Order

A map of the shopping mall is in the folder.

Other stores that sell shoes will open in the spring.

Rise, Raise; Lie, Lay; Sit, Set

Rise To get up, go up intransitive

Teachers rise early in the morning.

Raise To lift, move up, increase, help to grow

transitive

Parents raise their children to do the

right thing.

Lie To rest, recline, remain in one place

intransitive

Coby lies in his dog bed.

Lay To put something down, placetransitive

The workers laid the foundation for the

new house.

Sit To be seatedintransitive

My dad sits in his beach chair.

Set To place or puttransitive

Set the papers down over there.

Bring, Take; Let, Leave; Lend, Loan

Bring To carry or lead toward the speaker

transitive

Chelsea brought me a souvenir from her

trip.

Take To carry or lead away from the speaker

transitive

She will take her daughter to work.

Let To allow, permittransitive

The security guard will not let them in the

gate.

Leave To go away from, allow to remain

transitive

You must leave your license at the front

desk during the tour.

LendVERB

To give something temporarilytransitive

The University of Delaware library lends

books to other libraries.

LoanNOUN

Something that is lent This book is a loan from the library.