Vascular Seeded Plants

What is a Seed Plant?• 1. Characteristics of seed plants:–Have Vascular Tissue–Use pollen and seeds to reproduce

What is a Seed Plant?• 2. In seed plants, the

plants that you see are in the sporophyte stage of the life cycle. The gametophyte stage is microscopic.

What is a Seed Plant?• 3. How does vascular

tissue help seed plants on land?• Standing upright• Transporting

materials

4. Vascular TissueA. Phloem

• Transports food

B. Xylem• Transports water

Seed Plant• 5. Seed plants use pollen to

transport the sperm cells.• 6. Pollen: Tiny structures that

contain the cells that will later become sperm cells.

Transporting Pollen

Seed Plant• 7. Seeds: Structure that contains a

young plant inside a protective covering. –Protection from drying out

• 8. All seeds…–Contains a partially developed

plant–When conditions favorable, plant

sprouts and grows

Seed Plant Parts of a Seed

Seed Part Function

EmbryoYoung plant that develops from a

fertilized egg

Cotyledon A seed lead that sometimes stores food

Seed Coat Keeps the seed from drying out

Parts of a Seed

Seed Dispersal• 10. Seeds can be dispersed by:–Other organisms–Water–Wind–Ejection

Germination• 11. Germination: Occurs

when an embryo begins to grow and pushes

out of a seed.• 12. Once you see a

plant’s leaves, it’s called a seedling.

Roots• 13. Function of roots:– Anchors plant– Absorb water and minerals– Stores food

• 14. Two types:– Tap– Fibrous

Fibrous

Taproot

Stems• 17. Functions of stem:–Carries substances

between the plants’ root and leaves–Provides support–Holds up leaves

18. Stem• Woody Stem–Hard–Rigid– Example: Maple

tree

• Herbaceous Stem–Contain no wood–Often soft– Example: Cone

Flower

Stems• 19. Annual Rings:–Pattern of circles inside

a tree’s trunk –Made up a xylem–Represent a years

growth

Leaves• 22. Leaves capture the sun’s energy and

carry out the food-making process of photosynthesis.

Leaves• 24. The process by which water

evaporates from a plant’s leaves is called transpiration.• 25. Plants close their stomata to

keep the plant from losing water. TRUE!!!

Stomata

GymnospermsThe OLDEST PLants

Gymnosperms• 26. A seed plant that produces naked

seed.–Not covered in a fruit–Instead they have needle-like or scale-

like leaves

Gymnosperms• 28. All gymnosperms:–Need-like or scale-like leaves–Deep growing root systems

Gymnosperms• 29. Four groups of gymnosperms that

exist today:• 1. Cycads (palm tree with cones)• 2. Conifers (evergreens)• 3. Ginkgoes (Japanese and Chinese

tree)• 4. Gnetophytes (deserts and tropical

rainforests)

Reproduction in Gymnosperms

• 31. Most gymnosperms have reproductive structures called cones.

• 32. Reproductive structures:–Male gametophyte:

Pollen–Female gametophyte:

Ovule

Reproduction in Gymnosperms• 34. Life Cycle:

• Pollination: Transfer of pollen from male to female• Fertilization: Sperm fertilizes egg• Seed Development: Female cones develop

while seeds develop on tree. Male cones fall off after they shed theirs.• Seed Dispersal: Seeds move to a new place

to grow

Angiosperms

• 35. All angiosperms:–Produce flowers–Produce seeds that are

covered in fruit

• 36. Flower: The reproductive structure an of angiosperm

Parts of a Flower

39. Reproduction in Angiosperms• 1. Pollen falls on a flower’s stigma• 2. Sperm cell and egg cell join together in

ovule• 3. Zygote develops and becomes the seed

42. Groups of Angiosperms

• Monocots• Dicots

• Based on:–Number of Petals–Veins in leaves

Monocot

Dicot

• 43. “COT” is short for cotyledon (seed leaf)

• 44. “MONO” means one• 45.”DI” means two

MONOCOT vs DICOT

Seasonal Changes• Phototropism:– 50. A plant’s response to seasonal changes in

length of night and day is called photoperiodism.– 51. Plants differ in how they respond to the length

of nights. This length is called critical length.

– TROPISM: A plants response towards or away from a stimulus.

Tropism

Types of PlantsPlant Type Description Example

Short-day Plant When nights are longer than a critical length

Poinsettias

Long-day Plant When nights are shorter than a critical length

Iris

Day-neutral Plant

Flowering cycle not sensitive to period of light

and dark

Dandelions

Dormancy• 53. Dormancy is a period when an

organism’s growth or activity stops.–Helps survive freezing temperatures–Helps survive a lack of liquid water

Life Spans of Angiosperms• 54. Classified on the length of their life cycles.• 55. Life Spans:– Annuals: Complete a life cycle within one growing

year (Impatiens and cucumbers)– Biennials: Complete life cycle in 2 years (Celery

and foxgloves)– Perennials: Live for more than 2

years (Maple trees and peonies)