VASCULAR PLANTS

BY: KENT JOHN NOMOS

VIII-BANABA

VASCULAR PLANTS• They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis.

Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms(including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).

VASCULAR VESSELS

The vascular vessels are divided into two types based on what they transport. The phloem are vessels on the outer layer of the stem that transport food materials such as sugars from the leaves, where they are produced, or from storage tissues, to the rest of the plant. If a tree is cut, you can often see sap seep out of the tree, and this is the contents of the phloem. If you have ever had maple syrup, it is the processed form of the sap that is found in the phloem of maple trees. The second type of vascular vessel is the xylem; these are the vessels that transport water throughout the plant. The xylem vessels carry water from the roots up the plant and to the leaves.

TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS• Lycophytes (Lycopodiophyta)

• Monilophytes (Polypodiophyta)

• Gymnosperms (Pinophyta)

• Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta)

LYCOPHYTES

• The division Lycopodiophta is the oldest living division of vascular plants. In fact, the division developed nearly 410 million years ago! Consequently, of the nearly 1,200 species of lycophytes in existence today, many of them have remained relatively unchanged since then and are some of the most primitive forms of vascular plants.

• Lycophytes reproduce using spores, not seeds, and feature alternation of generations. This means that when one generation of a lycophyte is asporophyte, the next will be agametophyte, and then the next will be a sporophyte, and so on.

• An example of a lycophyte is the club moss, not to be confused with non-vascular moss.

LYCOPHYTES

MONILOPHYTES

• Monilophytes, more commonly known as ferns, are members of the division Polypodiophyta. Polypodiophyta first appeared nearly 360 million years ago during the Carboniferous period and, like the Lycopodiophyta, are some of the most primitive vascular plants out there.

• What distinguished monilophytes from lycophytes, however, is the fact that they have true leaves. Otherwise, they reproduce in a very similar manner -- using spores and alteration of generations.

MONILPHYTES

GYMNOSPERMS

• Gymnosperms are seed bearing plants in the aptly named division of Pinophyta. The division name is very easy to remember for gymnosperms because they're basically just pine trees (conifers, cycads, Gingko, etc.). The name gynosperm refers to the fact that their seeds are "naked." The seeds of gymnosperms are not enclosed and are often times exposed as a part of a cone.

GYMNOSPERMS

ANGIOSPERMS

ANGIOSPERMS

• Angiosperms are flowering plants that feature seeds that are enclosed within a fruit of some sort. The flowers of angiosperms are the reproductive organs of the plant and feature stamens which produce pollen and prevent self-fertilization (this results in a more diverse population).

• Members of the Magnoliophyta division include fruit bearing trees, flowers, and cacti.

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING !!!!!

• By KENT JOHN NOMOS

• VIII-BANABA STE