Second Grade

History/ Social Studies

SOL Review

TAKEN FROM THE 2008 VDOE CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK

CREATED BY ANGELA TURLEY

Words to Know

· Ancient

Long, long ago

· Architecture

The design of buildings

· Contribution

The act of giving or doing something

2.1 Contributions of Ancient China

and Egypt

Writing of Ancient China

and Egypt

Written Language

• China

Characters, Symbols

• Egypt

Hieroglyphics

Inventions of Ancient China

and Egypt

China

Kite

Silk cloth

Compass

Fireworks

Egypt

Paper made from papyrus

Clock

365-day calendar

Architecture of

Ancient China and Egypt

Great Wall of China

Egyptian Pyramids

Many inventions of ancient China

and Egypt are still used today.

2.2 American Indians

Words to Know

• Culture: The beliefs, customs, and way of life of a group of people

• Region: Places that have common (the same) characteristics

• Environment: Surroundings

Contributions of American

Indians • Arts (pottery, weaving, carving)

• Legends and stories

• Respect for nature

• Knowledge of the environment

• Farming of corn and tobacco

Indians Regions and Tribes

Eastern Woodlands

• Powhatan

Plains

• Lakota

Southwest

• Pueblo People

American Indian Homes

Eastern Woodlands: Powhatan Tribe

• Wood frame houses

with bark/reed covering

Plains: Lakota

• Teepees

Southwest: Pueblo People

• Multi-story terraced buildings

American Indians—

Transportation• Eastern Woodlands

Powhatan: Walked and Paddled Canoes

• Plains

Lakota: Walked and Used Horses

• Southwest

Pueblo People: Walked

American Indians—

Occupations• Eastern Woodlands

Powhatan: Fishermen, Hunters, and Farmers

• Plains

Lakota: Hunters and Horsemen

• Southwest

Pueblo People: Farmers and Hunters

Changes in American

Indian Cultures • American Indian cultures have changed

over time.

• Today, American Indians live and work in Virginia and the United States.

2.3 Changes in

Community LifeWords to Know

• Community

A place where people live, work, and play

• Population

The number of people living in a community

• Transportation

A way of moving people and things from one place to another

Communities– Past and Present

• The way people live today is different from the way people lived long ago.

• New inventions have led to changes in buildings, jobs, transportation, and

populations of communities over time.

2.4 Map Skills

Words to Know

• Climate

The kind of weather an area

has over a long period of time

• Land

The shape of the land’s surface

• Environment

Surroundings

Locating China

China is located in Asia.

Locating Egypt

Egypt is located in Africa

Locating the United States

The United States is located in North America.

China

ClimateSeasons

LandForests, Hills, Mountains, Deserts

Egypt

ClimateSeasons

LandForests, Hills, Mountains, Deserts

Eastern Woodlands IndiansPowhatan

ClimateMild wintersHot humid summers

Land

Rivers, hills, mountains, coastland

Plains Indians

Lakota

ClimateHot summers, harsh, cold winters

LandPlains, PrairiesRolling Hills

Southwest Indians

Pueblo People

ClimateHot days, cold nights

Light rainfall

LandHigh flatlands

Ways They Related to Their

Environment

The ancient Chinesefished, farmed, and irrigated the land.

The ancient Chinese settled along the Huang He River.

Ways They Related to Their

Environment

The ancient Egyptians farmed and irrigated the land near the

Nile River.

Ways They Related to Their

Environment

The Powhatans farmed, fished, hunted, used trees for homes and

canoes, and gathered plants for food.

Ways They Related to Their

EnvironmentThe Lakota moved around the region to hunt for buffalo. They later used

horses for transportation.

Ways They Related to Their

Environment

The Pueblo farmed the land. They lived in villages in houses made from

adobe (clay).

2.5 Map Skills

· EquatorAn imaginary line around the middle of the Earth

· ContinentA large body of land on the Earth

7 Continents· North America· South America· Europe· Asia· Africa· Australia· Antarctica

5 Oceans

· Arctic Ocean· Atlantic Ocean · Indian Ocean· Pacific Ocean · Southern Ocean

Locating Continents and Oceans

Physical Features of the U.S.Mountain Ranges and Bodies of Water

· James River· Mississippi River· Rio Grande· Appalachian Mountains· Rocky Mountains· Great Lakes

Selected World Rivers

Nile River in Africa

Selected World Rivers

Huang He River in China

2.6 What Maps Should Include

• TitleThe name or kind of map•Map LegendA list of shapes and symbols used on a map and an explanation of what each stands for•Compass RoseA symbol that shows direction (north, east, south, and west) on a map

Map of Virginia

2.7 Resources

· Natural ResourcesMaterials that come from nature

· Human ResourcesPeople working to produce goods and services

· Capital ResourcesGoods made by people and used to produce other goods and services

Natural Resources

· Water

· Soil

· Wood

· Coal

Human Resources

· Farmers

· Miners

· Builders

· Painters

Capital Resources

· Hammers

· Computers

· Trucks

· Lawn Mowers

· Factory Buildings

2.8 Exchanging Goods and

Services

Words to KnowBarterThe exchange of goods and services without the use of money

MoneyCoins, paper bills, and checks used in exchange for goods and services

2.9 Limited Resources

Require Choices

Words to Know· ScarcityNot being able to meet all wants at the same time· ConsumerA person who uses goods and services· ProducerA person who uses resources to make goods and/or provide servicesPeople make economic choices because resources and goods and services are scarce (limited).

2.10 Responsibilities of a Good

Citizen

· Respecting and protecting the rights and property of others· Taking part in the voting process when making classroom decisions· Describing actions that can improve the school and community· Demonstrating self-discipline and self-reliance· Practicing honesty and trustworthiness

2.11 George Washington

He led the fight for freedom from England and helped establish a new country.

Abraham Lincoln

He was the President of the United States who helped to free African American slaves.

Susan B. Anthony

She led the struggle to give women equal rights, including the right to vote.

Helen Keller

She overcame disabilities and worked to help others who were blind and deaf.

Jackie Robinson

He was the first African American player in the major leagues of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

He was an African American minister who worked so that all people would be treated fairly. He led peaceful marches and gave speeches.

2.12 Diversity

Voters in Virginia elect officials to make decisions for them in the state and local governments.

The people living in Virginia have diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions and participate in and contribute to their communities.

Diversity

· People living in the United States who have diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions participate in and contribute to their communities.

· People contribute to their community by practicing the responsibilities of good citizens.

United as Americans by Common

Principles

· While people in our communities have different ethnic and cultural origins, they are united as Americans by common principles and traditions. · People contribute to their community by practicing the responsibilities of good citizens.

United as Americans by Common

Principles

· People share the principles of respecting and protecting the rights and property of others, participating in school and community activities, demonstrating self-discipline and self- reliance, and practicing honesty and trustworthiness.