user centered design - artisti.uiah.fimmaenpaa/lectures/kayttajalahtoinen...1 user centered design...

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User centered design has been defined as an activity in which the actual user participates in the design process right from the beginning. (93)

Users activities are examined in the physical and social environments for which the product is intended. (93)

Design drivers by user information must participate in an iterative process in which the goals are adjusted on the basis of user feedback. (p.93)

User centered design

_________________________________________________________________________________Vesa Jääskö, Turkka Keinonen, User information in Concepting. Article in Keinonen and Takala (ed), Product Concept Design – A review of the Conceptual Design of Products in Industry. Springer. 2006

User information is • personal• multidimensional• context-dependent

It can never be completely explained or engineeredIt is the “raw material”

User information includes the following factors:• Ergonomics and usability• Aesthetics and semantics• Lifestyles and trends• Domestication



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Users Motivation FactorWhat motivates users actions?How to identify users motivational actions?What are the users goals and objectives?



Different type of user information - different weightings

For example with an interactive product: Understanding the situations and phases of use

Several perspectives: ergonomics, usability, aesthetics, semantics, social factors

Aesthetics: pleasure of use, personality, pleasure of socialstatus, usability of IST-product, ergonomics of furniture… intelligent clothes, functional textiles??



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User studies – observing“Sometimes the process of observing users mayreveal product improvement ideas that can beapplied directly to subsequent product versions,even though the original focus was to developconcepts for the more distant future.” (p. 98)



Phases in User-information-based concepting:1. Collecting user information2. Interpreting user information3. Description of user behavior4. Description of a new concept

These phases run in parallel with generic problemsolving approaches. (p.99)



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Sources of user-related information aboutconsumer behavior, decision-making, lifestyle,fashion trends:

• Commercial and academic sources• Trade journals• Internet

Rarely reliable



Qualitative user studies (p.100)- co-design studies- aim to get close to the user- tap in to the way they think, their

values, physical environment and theiractions

Even a few user can give the designer extensivenew sight



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Spectrum of methods available, combination offew basic:

- Interview (narrations, projective tasksetc.)

- Observation (shadowing, following indifferent situations)

- Self-documentation (probes, diariesetc)



Terminology

• Design-for-all, accessibility, usability• Information accessible for all,• Different modalities: the sense of touch

haptic, tangible• Designing tactile objects

DesignforAll

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Terminology

• EsteetönSaavutettavaHelppokäyttöinenSosiaalisesti kestäväDesign for All

DesignforAll

Terminology

• Design for AllInclusive DesignUniversal DesignBarrier-free Design

DesignforAll

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Terminology

• Accessibility - in Finnish:fyysinen saavutettavuus, esteettömyys

• Cultural accessibility, technologicalaccessibility, economical accessibilityetc.

• Design for All vs. designing to theaverage man

• Universal Design - Inclusive Design

DesignforAll

Design for All

• Means tools for designers andarchitects to understand– that diverse user groups might have

diverse needs and wishes– how diverse needs and wishes of various

users could be defined– inclusion as well as exclusion

DesignforAll

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Accessibility

• For example: Equal access to culturalheritage means that everyone shouldbe able to obtain information on, andtake part in, cultural activities in avariety of settings.

DesignforAll

Design-for-All

Means strategies and means that areconnected to design.

Tools that wish to increase accessibilityand usability of physical environment,products and services for all kind ofusers.

DesignforAll

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Design-for-All

Tools for Design for All help designers tounderstand the needs of diverse users.

Tools help the designers and architectsunderstand the needs and wishes of diverseusers, citizens, visitors

Tools help designers to understand theinclusion and exclusion

DesignforAll

• As design guideline DfA is connected tousability, accessibility and user centreddesign

• DfA emphasis the importance of userstudy and surveys and co-design i.e.taking into account diverse users (old,disabled, users with special needs).

DesignforAll

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The aspects of accessibility

“Who is average”Biased accessibility

DemocracyAccessible decision making

FeesEconomical accessibility

Info in exhibition, InternetAccessible information

Easy to access, publictransport

Social and cultural accessibility

Mentally disabled, childrenIntellectual accessibility

Visually impaired, tangiblemedia

Multimodal accessibility

Aged, disabledPhysical accessibility

Visitors (interviews)Kokemus(experience)

InformantsExhibitionConcepts

• How the (digitalized)information opens to theuser?

• How designers can increaseaccessibility and usability?

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The rapid increase in the number of older people will reshape thedemographic, social and cultural structure of the European Unionover the next 25 years.

Approximately 12% of the population of the European Union sufferfrom some disability.

The variety of needs of people with disabilities and older people isnot recognised enough.

To understand the needs and wishes of diverse user groups

The rapid increase in the number of older people will reshapethe demographic, social and cultural structure of the EuropeanUnion over the next 25 years.

Approximately 12% of the population of the European Unionsuffer from some disability.

The variety of needs of people with disabilities and olderpeople is not recognised enough.

GDP-02: User-Friendly GSM DesktopThe GDP-02 You Can: Make phone calls over a 900/1800 MHz GSMnetwork using standard SIM cards･ Write text messages quickly on thecomplete QWERTY alphabetical keyboard･ Read text messages easily onthe large illuminated LCD display･ Dial numbers comfortably with thedesktop phone's large buttons and speed-dial keys･ Make hands-freephone calls via the phone's built-in speakerphone and microphone･Change phone locations conveniently because the GDP-02 has a built-inrechargeable battery for mobility

http://www.jablotron.cz/

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Tangible objects

IDEAS FORACCESSIBILITY

MediaLab 2005

Differentmodalities

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Differentmodalities

From visual experience tomultimodalities

Experience with several senses

haptics,tangible,sense of touch,force-feedback

Differentmodalities:the senseof touch

Feel For DesignThe science of haptics (haptikos isGreek for "to grasp") is slowly finding itsway into low-cost consumer devices.GAMES Wheels, joysticks andcontrollers use haptics to pulse, rattleand purr.Mobile Phones Ring tones becomevibratones, identifying callers by theirunique vibe.Autos BMW's iDrive knob adjusts itstactile response, depending on thefunction.Medical Haptic devices give trainees afeel for using catheters and needles.Technology Touch and Go David Armstrong, 02.28.05http://www.forbes.com/business/forbes/2005/0228/050.html

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Methods in user centered design, methods to understand

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Difference between seeing andtouchingMain difference between seeing and touching is the amount of information, and properties of the object which can be perceived through tactile and visual perception. (Österlund 2003)

[Katriina Rautavuoma (2005)Threshold Association Occupational Therapist,Student of Graphic Design]

Designingtactileobjects

ｷ by touching isperceived: shapes,properties of surfaces,dimension, weight andtemperature

ｷ by seeing is perceived:colors, minimal and largeobjects, distances,shapes, perspective

ｷ tactile perceptiondemands conscious will,continuous explorationand adequate explorationstrategies

ｷ visual perception justhappens, without physicalor psychological attempts

ｷ sense of closenessｷ sense of distances

TOUCH / TACTILEPERCEPTION

VISION / VISUALPERCEPTION

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IRIS-center for visually impaired. Tactile map made by Nao Saito - space design dept.

DfA & Taik -projects

HUOMIOI KAIKKI - Path installation in DesignMuseum autumn 2005http://mlab.uiah.fi/huomioikaikki

TaiK & DfA -projects

installation & workshops

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MA-lopputyö,PekkaHanelius

2003

Final thesis projects

www-sivujen saavutettavuuteen ei ole kiinnitettyhuomiota

Aloitussuvu ja muut suositut sivut muutetaanvälittömästi A-tason mukaiseksi

Kaikki uudet sivut suunnitellaan AA-tason mukaisiksija sääntöjen noudattamista seurataantarkastusprosessissa

Yleisesti käytetyt sivut suunnitellaan A-tasonmukaisiksi

Pitkällä aikavälillä suositut sivut ja myös uudet WWW-sivut suunnitellaan AAA-tason mukaisiksi

Vähiten käytetyt, mutta erityisryhmiäkiinnostavat sivut suunnitellaansaavutettaviksi

SaraHenriksson jaRitva Kettunen

2003

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Design for All networkhttp://www.stakes.fi/dfa-suomi/,http://www.e-accessibility.org/

University for All -initiativecoordinator Antti Raike

Taik network of researcher and teachers

Dissertations concerning usability, accessibilityuser centered design

Virtual University

Links

• http://www.nvkirjasto.fi/ohje.html• http://www.arlainst.fi/saavutettavuus/index.html• http://www.srfriks.org• http://www.centil.dk/internet• http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/• http://trace.wisc.edu/world/web• http://cast.org/bobby• http://www.papunet.net/• http://www.stakes.fi/dfa-suomi/• http://www.mlab.uiah.fi/huomioikaikki/• http://elokuvantaju.uiah.fi

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Interpretation process (p. 104)

1. Applying interpretation models2. Categorization based on the material3. Condensing and combining4. Direct interpretation



user centered design - artisti.uiah.fimmaenpaa/lectures/kayttajalahtoinen...1 user centered design...

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