user centered design
TRANSCRIPT
User Centered ���Design
Media Design course
Autumn 2016
INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Software development life cycle
3. Improving technology design
4. Levels of user involvement
5. User Centered Design
1. INTRODUCTION
Therac-25
Typical Therac facility Safer modern radiotherapy machine
1. INTRODUCTION
Therac-25
Therac-25 set up
1. INTRODUCTION
Machines with different modes
Photocopy machines
1. INTRODUCTION
HOW TO AVOID
BAD SOFTWARE DESIGN?
2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
In software engineering, the software life cycle describes the activities that take place from the initial concept formation for a software system up until its eventual phasing out and replacement.
Core activities: !
- Requirements specification- Architectural design- Detailed design- Coding and unit testing- Integration and testing- Maintenance
2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Waterfall model
Requirements Specification
Architectural Design
Detailed Design
Coding and Unit Testing
Integration and Testing
Operation and Maintenance
2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Issues
Missing the user perspective !
The traditional software life cycle does not promote the use of techniques which support the user’s perspective of the interactive system.
2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Issues
Validation and verification !
Formality gap: refers to a gap between the real world and structured design. As a consequence, there’s always a certain subjectivity in validation.
2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Involve all parties!
USERS
CUSTOMERS
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Needs
2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Implement a workload scheduling !
Needs
ACTIVITIES
RESPONSIBLES
ARTIFACTS
2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Define and measure the goals !
Needs
MEASUREMENT
GOALS
WHO
3. IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY DESIGN
“The need for the future is not so much computer oriented people as for people oriented computers”Nickerson, 1969
3. IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY DESIGN
Research areas that explore how people interact with computers
• Interaction Design (IxD)
• User Experience (UX)
• Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
• User-centered Systems Design (UCSD)/ Human-Centered Systems Design (HCSD)
• User-Centered Design (UCD)
3.1. INTERACTION DESIGN
Interac)on Design
ErgonomicsPsychology/ cognitive Science
Informatics
EngineeringComputer Science / Software EngineeringSocial Sciences
Graphic Design
Product Design
Artist-Design
Industrial Design
Film Industry
DESIGN PRACTICESACADEMIC DISCIPLINES
Information Systems
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Cognitive Ergonomics
Human Factors
Cognitive Engineering
Human-Computer Interaction
INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELDS
Preece, Sharp and Rogers, 2007
3.2. USER EXPERIENCE
“a person’s perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system, or service”ISO 9241- 210
3.3. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
HCI covers major threads of research in 4 disciplines:• Human Factors• Information Systems• Computer Science• Library and Information Science
A discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them
Hewett et al. 1996
“User-centered design’ (UCD) is a broad term to describe design processes in which end-users influence how a design takes shape. It is both a broad philosophy and variety of methods.”
Abras, Maloney-Krichmar, Preece, 2004
3.4. USER-CENTERED DESIGN
4. LEVELS OF USER INVOLVEMENT
Overview of methods for stakeholder involvement in relation to the level of involvement and the phase of application (De Bont et al., 2014)
Topography of design research (Sanders, 2006).
4. LEVELS OF USER INVOLVEMENT
5. USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Don Norman talking about user centered design (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl2LkzIkacM)
• Early focus on users
• Empirical measurement using prototypes
• Iterative design
Gould and Lewis, 1985
5.1. UCD PRINCIPLES
Scope
Analyse
Design Deliver
Validate
5.2. UCD ACTIVITIES
Wallach and Scholz, 2012
Understand andSpecify context of use
Specify user requirements
Produce design solutions
Evaluate
Design solution satisfies the requirements
Plan the human-centered activities
Iterate where appropriate
ISO 9241-210
5.3. UCD STANDARD
• More usable products
• Cost savings
• Safer systems
5.4. UCD ADVANTAGES
WHY ISN’T EVERYONE
USING UCD?
5.4. UCD ADVANTAGES
FURTHER READINGS
This material uses Creative Commons License
Recognition – Share alike.
Abras, C., Maloney-Krichmar, D., & Preece, J. (2004). User-centered design.Bainbridge, W. Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 37(4), 445-456.
Dis, I. (2009). 9241-210: 2010. Ergonomics of human system interaction-Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems. International Standardization Organization (ISO). Switzerland.
Goodman, E., Kuniavsky, M., & Moed, A. (2012). Observing the user experience: A practitioner’s guide to user research. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufman
Gould, J. D., & Lewis, C. (1985). Designing for usability: key principles and what designers think. Communications of the ACM, 28(3), 300-311.
Norman, D. A. (1988). The psychology of everyday things. Basic books.
Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (1986). User centered system design. New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction, L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale, NJ.
Sharp, H., Rogers, Y., & Preece, J. (2011). Interaction design: Beyond human–computer interaction (3rd ed.). Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.���
FURTHER READINGS
This material uses Creative Commons License
Recognition – Share alike.
Ritter, F. E., Baxter, G. D., & Churchill, E. F. (2014). User-centered systems design: a brief history. In Foundations for designing user-centered systems(pp. 33-54). Springer London.
Wallach, D., & Scholz, S. C. (2012). User-centered design: why and how to put users first in software development. In Software for people (pp. 11-38). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.