user centered design
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User Centered Design. Lecture # 5. Problem with User Interfaces. Nearly 25% of all applications projects fail Overrun budgets due to frequent changes to functionality and task flow Products are hard to learn and difficult to use - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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User Centered Design
Lecture # 5
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Problem with User Interfaces
Nearly 25% of all applications projects fail Overrun budgets due to frequent changes to functionality
and task flow Products are hard to learn and difficult to useUsers are often slowed down, they make mistakes and
they are unhappy with the product – The product is not centered around their: Needs – User wants to do A but system does not allow it Capabilities – User can not see the handle (paint) Experiences – User does not know what “expunge” means
It is not User Centered
UI Design PrinciplesMeeting User Needs
Visibility - Expose the interaction to the user
Controllability - Let the user control the interaction
Learnability - Capitalize on what the user already knows
Consistency -Maintain consistency at the interface
Feedback – Keep the user in the loop
Memorability - Minimize reliance on user memory
Tolerance - Minimize the impact of user error
Aesthetic – Ensure good visual design; it matters
Affordance – Let controls guide the user
Know your user
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Example of a Poor Interface Design
There is a nice hierarchy,but no headers.
Users need to examineall the tabs
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To design a usable interface we need to adopt a User Centered Design approach
(UCD)
Example of a User Interface Design
Concept: Active Time Out
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Surgical Time Out
A mandatory pre-surgery verification checklistDesigned to:
Eliminate human errorsEnsure that valuable pre-surgery procedures were
performed e.g., give antibiotic to reduce infectionEnsuring that everybody on the clinical team is
aware of basic case information e.g., allergiesProvide an opportunity for a team introduction and
a team huddle
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Surgical Time Out - Poster
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Observations on Poster Time-Out Usage
Time-out is always performed, but it is performed fast and often with minimal attention
The focus of many surgical teams is on the “Challenge” not on the data
Team members often move around during time-out and can easily miss an item (not hear it)
Team members seemed reluctant to challenge the time-out leader
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What is Needed
Help the teams focus to the challenges as well as the data
Ensure a common baseline understanding of the case details among team member
Increase the likelihood of detecting errorsHelp team members challenge assumptions
about the case
Organization of an Interface
Challenge
Cross Checked
Information
Challenge Category
Checklist Focus Aras
Option Selector
Checklist Panel
Initiating the process
MechanismUser Intent
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The Design of Active Time Out
Goal Encourage users to perform the check Ensure awareness of the detail Provide a paper trail
Some UI design principles that were followed Minimize interaction Provide predictability as to how long the process will take Compatibility with how people read Provide a focal point for discussion
Overall design philosophy – focus on user
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What is User Centered Design
A design approach that place the user at the core of the design process
It is not centered on:Technology or what a technology can doDeveloper or what a developer knows how to doAesthetics or what looks beautiful Although all of the above and more are important
factors in the design
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Some Variations on UCD
Goal centered – Design toward what the user is trying to achieve
Usage centered – Design around how users will use an application or a product
Work centered – Design to optimize the work users perform
These approaches are user centered, but they conceptualize the user within a context of what users do
These approaches include usefulness in addition to usability as their goal
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Developer Centered Interface?
What makes this design more developer centric then user centric design?- Organization
of the information
- Use of technical jargon
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Objectives of User Centered Design
Support the design of products that:Help users achieve their goalsAre compatible with users’ characteristicsMeet users’ needs
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Principles of User Centered Design (1)
Early focus on usersEstablish direct contact with users to understand
their characteristics, needs, and motivationSpecify measurable usability goals that the new
system should meetIntegrated design
All aspects of usability evolve in parallel – displays, controls, documentation, etc.
All aspects of usability under one focus-Design, documentation, evaluation
John Gould (1988)
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Principles of User Centered Design (2)
Early and continual evaluationMeasure the performance and reaction of the
intended users when they do real work with simulation and prototypes of the user interface
Iterative designThe user interface as well as the functionality of
the system is modified based upon results of users’ input and test results
Involve users in the design
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Why Involve Users in the DesignUser Interface design is still a craft
Our ability to predict human behavior during interaction with a given UI is limited
Users’ needs extend over several domains including personal, professional, organizational
Users’ needs change from situation to situation and time to time
Our understanding of the processes underlying HCI are limited
We need users’ input and feedback
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Benefits of Involving the User
User inform designers about their jobsWhat is involved in their jobsWhat tools they useHow these tools are used
Users help developers identify what could be usefulWhat is missing in current application or tool
Users try prototype and comment on itDevelopers make incremental changes and iterate
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Factors to Consider in User Centered Design
Organizational Factors Environmental Factors
Health & Safety Factors
Comfort FactorsThe User
User Interface technologies
Task Factors
Cognitive process / capabilities
Input devices, output displays, use of color,
Easy, complex, novel
Equipment layoutStress
Training, job design, politics Noise, lighting
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User-Centered Design at its best?
Developers working with target usersHelp define what the system will do and howLots of iterative exploration and feedback
Think of the world from users’ perspectiveUsers and customers are not the same person
Understand work processPoints where human and computers interact
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Summary
User-centered design is different than traditional technology approaches
Leads to solving use problems up frontCheaper
It involves users and know - how about users