How did immigration and urbanization change American

society from 1877-1914?

Immigration and Urbanization 1877-1914

Courtney, Tatum, Brooke and Kinsey

Push and Pull FactorsPush and Pull Factors

• Push FactorsPush Factors are factors that make someone want to leave home because conditions were harsh – Many people fled their home countries due to war or

religious persecution

• Pull FactorsPull Factors are factors that attract/pull people to leave their home country.– People saw America as a land of opportunity.

Ellis and Angel Island

Ellis and Angel Island

• Ellis Island—New Ellis Island—New YorkYork– This is where European

immigrants first landed in the U.S. and were processed to decide if they were eligible to stay.

– Processing could take hours

– 12 million12 million immigrants passed through

• Angel Island—San Angel Island—San FranciscoFrancisco– Chinese and Asian

immigrants first landed here for processing.

– This could take weeks or months

– Conditions were much harsher on Angel Island than on Ellis Island.

– 175,000175,000 immigrants

Immigration 1870-1910

• Most people to immigrate to the United States were Europeans from Germany, Poland, Austria, Spain, and Italy.

Immigration in CitiesImmigration in Cities• Many populated the city

• Over crowding • Poverty

• Majority of workers were from a particular location (may pertain to ethnicity/race)

• Many populated the city • Over crowding • Poverty

• Majority of workers were from a particular location (may pertain to ethnicity/race)

• Prejudice and social tension • Nativism

• New York City- “Golden Gate”

• Prejudice and social tension • Nativism

• New York City- “Golden Gate”

Urbanization 1877-1914Urbanization 1877-1914• 1860- City population: 8,000 or more • 1900’s- City population: 50,000

– Some urban areas had a population that was more than 40% foreign born •Urban life style:

•Schedules •Public transportation •Rent/rented out apartments •Interaction with strangers

•Urban life style: •Schedules •Public transportation •Rent/rented out apartments •Interaction with strangers

•Cities •Major cities were manufacture and •transportation centers •North East, Pacific coast, along waterways of Midwest •Attraction:

•Factory jobs •Service industries

•Living conditions: •Filthy •Fire •Crime •Conflict •Suburbs •Tenements

•More women’s opportunities

•Cities •Major cities were manufacture and •transportation centers •North East, Pacific coast, along waterways of Midwest •Attraction:

•Factory jobs •Service industries

•Living conditions: •Filthy •Fire •Crime •Conflict •Suburbs •Tenements

•More women’s opportunities

Primary Source

• In 1890 journalist Jacob Riis wrote How the Other Half Lives about how the tenement’s living conditions were. •Tenements were were low-cost multifamily homes that were made to try to put as many families into one room as possible.

“Go into any of the ‘respectable tenement neighborhoods…you shall come away agreeing

(that)… life there does no seem worth living.. The airshaft…seems always so busy letting out foul stenches that it has no time to earn its name by

bringing down fresh air…”

“Go into any of the ‘respectable tenement neighborhoods…you shall come away agreeing

(that)… life there does no seem worth living.. The airshaft…seems always so busy letting out foul stenches that it has no time to earn its name by

bringing down fresh air…”

How did technology change rural and urban areas?

•Skyscrapers •Ten stories or more steel frame buildings •Filled with office spaces

•Elisha Otis•Built the first safety elevator for when the ropes would break it wouldn’t fall

•Electric subway and streetcars•Minimized pollution •Streetcars powered by electricity and not coal which polluted the city

•Before were pulled by horses •Subways first showed up in Boston in 1897

•Mass Transit•Inexpensive public transportation for large amounts of people

•Architecture •Architecture firms offered city planning services to make cities look better and be more efficient

How did immigration and urbanization change American

society from 1877-1914?

Affects of Immigration

• Immigrants contributed enormously to American development even though many endured discrimination from Americans.

• They helped industry in America by contributing to many projects– building rail roads, mining and working in factories.

• Many were able to gain rights and citizenship and influence political parties.

• Even though immigrants did not receive benefits for their labor, they worked hard to help American growth.

Urbanization: how it affected

society and culture• Society and culture changed

dramatically with the gilded age because more people were in the city

• Urbanization helped city life developed with new large businesses and factories– More people working more

money more products bought– New lifestyle formed with more money:

products and entertainment changed for the better of the consumer

• Advertisement, Newspapers and Education caused new forms of entertainment to develop

• Society and culture changed dramatically with the gilded age because more people were in the city

• Urbanization helped city life developed with new large businesses and factories– More people working more

money more products bought– New lifestyle formed with more money:

products and entertainment changed for the better of the consumer

• Advertisement, Newspapers and Education caused new forms of entertainment to develop

Works CitedWorks Cited

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“Buffalo Bill's wild west and congress of rough riders of the world”. Wikimedia. 4 August 2008. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1899.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buffalo_bill_wild_west_show_c1899.jpg&usg=__6j2cGg9JFuEhDiDZGzCU8_ujxtI=&h=1020&w=1536&sz=1283&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=KSiDNPEB5km8VM:&tbnh=100&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbuffalo%2Bbill%2Bshow%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>.

“Foreign Immigrants in Industrial America.” American History 102. 1999. University of Wisconsin. 12 May 2009. http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture08.html

“History of Early Immigration to the US” 2009. Law Office of Virginia K. Sung. 12 May 2009. <http://www.sunglaw.com/History_of_Early_Immigration.html >

Lapsansky-Werner, Emma J., Peter B. Levy, Randy Roberts, Alan Taylor. United States History. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Education, Inc, 2008.

“Rise of Industrial America, 1876-1900.” 26 September 2002. The Library of Congress. 12 May 2009. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/riseind/city/city.html>

Sage, Henry. “Urbanization and Immigration in the 19th and 20th Centuries.” Sage History. January 18 2007. 12 May 2009. <http://www.sagehistory.net/gildedage/immigration.htm >

"Shame of the Cities, 1860-1900 (Overview)." American History. 2009. ABC-CLIO. 12 May 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>

“The Lowered East Side Tenement Museum Virtual Tour.” Tenement Museum. 2009. 12 May 2009 <http://www.tenement.org/>