urban planning program

Urban Planning

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Urban Planning

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Overview

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The Urban Planning Program has as its mission the education of individuals in the (1) fundamental economic and political processes that shape the built environment of cities, (2) ways in which governments, community-based organizations, private sector actors, and political mobilizations produce and influence these processes, and (3) crafting of collective efforts to improve the quality of life of city residents. The tensions among market forces, civil society, and the goals of planning are of major concern. Particular attention is given to the importance of expert knowledge and the quest for social justice.

In pursuit of these goals, the program focuses on the ideas and techniques developed by planners and social activists since the emergence of the planning profession in the early twentieth century. To this, the faculty adds knowledge from the social sciences, architecture and urban design, historic preservation, and the humanities.

Columbia University’s Urban Planning faculty consists of leading national and international scholars who conduct research in the field of planning as well as highly regarded practicing professionals who connect students to practical issues and perspectives. Recent faculty research has focused on gentrification in African-American neighborhoods of New York City, slum dwellers in African cities, minority small business development, office building conversion in Lower Manhattan, and informal sector work and gender relations in India. The faculty has broad interests that range from water and sanitation in Calcutta and social housing in Germany to affordable housing and the problems of low-wage immigrants in New York City to the rebuilding of neighborhood economies in New Orleans.

Throughout the curriculum, the emphasis is on real-world problems and how planners can act to improve the lives of urban residents. In doing so, the program takes the cities of the world as its laboratory.

With the program located in New York City, one of the global centers of international commerce and culture and a city experiencing population growth, it looks to the city’s planning issues for studios, classroom examples, and thesis topics. Still, the problems of cities — whether they be London or Sao Paulo, Las Vegas or Nairobi — can be understood only in a global context. By the end of their time in the program, students are competent to analyze issues, develop plans, and advise policymakers on the important issues related to the growth and development of cities. They do so with the intent of making cities more just, more equitable, and more prosperous.

413 Avery Hall@gsapp_planning

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Faculty

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Urban Planning - Faculty

Lance FreemanProgram Director

Peter Marcuse Emeritus Professor

Bob BeauregardProfessor

Elliott SclarProfessor

David KingAssistant Professor

Clara IrazabalAssistant Professor

In addition to the full-time faculty, around twenty-five Urban Planning professionals serve as Adjunct Professors creating a valuable network for students.

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DegreeRequirements

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Students are required to complete 60 points for the M.S. in Urban Planning: 27 points in required courses and 33 points between courses in a concentration and electives of their own choosing.

Students may take courses offered in the Urban Planning Program, the School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation in general, or from classes in other departments and schools at Columbia to fulfill some or all of their elective requirements.Students are required to take at least one Methods course in their time here. Methods courses include: Advanced GIS, Fundamentals of Urban Digital Design, Presentations as Strategic Planning Tools, Negotiations for Planners, and Techniques of Project Evaluation. Each student is required to write a Master’s thesis during his or her second year of study.

Note: First-year students may choose to take Planning Law and Intro to GIS in the fall or spring semesters. No extra tuition is charged between 12 and 19 points.

Core Courses

Course Semester 1Fall

Semester 2Spring

Semester 3Fall

4 x 3/6 pts: 27 ptsPlanning

Techniques

PlanningStudio(6 pts)

Thesis I

Semester 4Spring

Intro to GIS4 x 3 pts: 12 pts

Distribution/Electives


Economicsfor Planners4 x 3 pts: 12 pts


PlanningHistory and Theory

Elective/Concentration

Course


Course


Course


Course


Course


Course


Course


Course


Course

Distribution/Electives3 x 3 pts: 9 pts


Course


CoursePlanning Law

4 x 3 pts: 12 pts

Total: 60 pts 15 pts 15 pts 15 pts 15 pts

Thesis II

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Curriculum

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The faculty shares a core pedagogic belief that the best professional education takes place in an environment of learning by doing, reinforced by classroom work and group projects. Planners must have a thorough understanding of the economic, social, political, and physical forces that shape the built environment. These beliefs are implemented through program offerings that include familiarity with the range of analytic and research techniques used by planners, a semester-long studio project, and courses in planning history and theory.

Planning education is designed to produce individuals who have a general knowledge of urban and regional development (and planning interventions to shape that development) and specialized knowledge in a sub-discipline of planning. The four concentration options include: Housing and Community Development; International Planning; Land Use, Transportation, and the Environment; and Urban and Economic Development. Students take a minimum of four courses in a Concentration.

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Transportation, land use and the environment are the phys-ical essence of urban life. The policy and planning challenges that confront these subjects are largely the responsibilities of regional and local governments. Traffic congestion, infrastruc-ture investment, transit service and climate change are now debated and addressed at these levels. These three concerns (transportation, land use and the environment), are increasingly quality of life issues as communities pursue meaningful policies to improve sustainability, walkability, cycling, public health, clean air and economic competitiveness. The courses offered through GSAPP Urban Planning are tailored to train future local leaders to think critically about solutions to these complex chal-lenges. We seek to educate our students so that they better un-derstand the costs, benefits and trade-offs associated with the economic, environmental and equity aspects of transportation, land use and environmental policies. Our courses are designed to approach these problems specifically from an urban planning perspective rather than one of engineering or economics.

Land Use, Transportation, and the Environment

Students tour the 7 Subway Line extension

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This concentration prepares students for community and neighborhood planning and decision-making. While the skill set of this concentration is widely applicable, there is an emphasis placed on disadvantaged communities in the United States, as they are often marginalized or overlooked in conventional plan-ning processes. Students choosing this concentration will learn: 1) How to gather and analyze neighborhood and “small-area” data 2) How to foster community involvement in planning pro-cesses 3) How to understand and contextualize housing mar-kets, labor markets, property markets, economic development decisions, and other critical planning spheres and 4) Planning techniques and public policies that directly impact distressed communities.

Housing and Community Development

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Studios frequently meet with local constituencies to gain community feedback

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Two of the most important functions of cities are generat-ing jobs and creating wealth. With jobs, people have income and using that income can strive to live well. With wealth, people are able to fund governments, cultural institutions, and civic organi-zations. The purpose of this concentration is to provide stu-dents with foundational knowledge in how cities perform these functions. It involves an understanding of local and city-level economic development, urban economies, global relationships, redevelopment activities, and real estate investment among other concerns. In selecting courses for this concentration, students should attend to economic and urban development at various spatial scales from the neighborhood to the global and consider various approaches to economic development from microfinance and small businesses to infrastructure investment.

Urban AnalyticsThe concentration prepares professionals to conceptualize

strategies for using the increasing abundance and availability of data to inform planning efforts, undertake architecture and design projects, and solve urban problems. To that end students will acquire skills in data science, data visualization, geographic information systems, multivariate statistical analysis, research design, in addition to the planning skills taught in the core UP curriculum.

Urban and Economic Development

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The International Development concentration prepares planners to work on development issues overseas, with gov-ernments, community based, or membership based organiza-tions, private consulting firms, and international development agencies. The concentration provides multidisciplinary training in theories, analytic methods, and practical skills required for working effectively in developing nations, regions, and cities. Contexts of “development” politics, cultures, and economics relevant to the transformations are presented and studied in different courses to identify special challenges they face. Since International Development processes and projects may refer to any planning subfield, this concentration cuts across the others offered by our program. Students can develop an international development concentration for example, in transportation and land use, housing and community development, or economic development.

International Development

Spring break offers an opportunity for students in international studios to visit their site, Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago

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Studios

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Studio is the core teaching model of an architecture school. In architecture studio, students work with their faculty to create individual designs, whereas in the Columbia University Planning studio, there is a real client with a real-world issues that will be analyzed by students working as a team under the direction of the faculty member. The plan that results will reflect data analysis, design analysis, and economic analysis, and will have encouraged students to consider “best practices” in planning as well as encouraged innovative thinking. Studio takes place in the spring of the students’ first year, and is a way of integrat-ing classroom learning with practical experience early in the students’ education here. Advanced Studios on often multidis-ciplinary topics are offered for second-year students.

Recent studio offerings include:

Guiding Sustainable Development in the East Port of Spain

Promoting Bus Rapid Transit Options on the New Tappan Zee Bridge and I-287 Corridor

Gowanus Bay Terminal (GBX): Planning Red Hook’s Resilient Industrial Ecosystem

The Future of Public Housing: An Analysis of Infill Development in East Harlem

Moynihan Station: Planning for a New Midtown Destination

Re-Imagining Tokyo’s Aoyama Street

Rio das Pedras: Urban Upgrading in Rio de Janeiro

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Creative Village Studio visiting downtown Orlando site

Design guidelines created by Rio das Pedras Studio

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Urban Planning - Studios

Bus Rapid Transit studio examined the viability of BRT lanes on the new Tappan Zee Bridge

Moynihan Station studio created programming proposals for the former Farley Post Office, Amtrak’s new headquarters

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Courses

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Required CoursesHistory and Theory of PlanningThis course addresses the history of the planning profes-

sion in the United States with its intellectual evolution, while focusing on planning functions and planning roles. The course considers multiple rationales and alternative means of under-standing and practicing planning. Particular attention is paid to the interplay of power and knowledge, ethics and social respon-sibility and issues of race, gender, class and identity. Consider-ation to some aspects of history and theory of planning in other parts of the world is included in comparative perspective.

Economics For Planners Cities are run by city governments. These governments are

providers of Infrastructure and goods themselves and they also regulate the provision of goods by private firms; they promote health and welfare through land use and environmental regu-lation; and they are charged with ensuring that political pow-er and economic resources will be distributed equitably. Yet governments operate in societies where resource allocation is governed primarily by markets. Economics provides tools, frequently controversial to guide decisions about when and how government should be involved in providing or subsidizing services and in shaping market activity.

Planning Methods This is an introductory course designed to help prepare

students for common analysis methods used in planning prac-tice. Common methods of analysis are covered using publicly available data sets and data collected through assignments. Through weekly readings, lectures and lab sessions students will gain a basic understanding of the tools and skills required in planning practice.

Planning LawThis core course explores the legal foundations of planning

in the United States. Case studies and legal readings provide the foundations to understanding zoning, environmental law, aesthetic regulations, and housing policies.

Introduction To Geographic Information Systems This course provides instruction in GIS techniques for land

use analysis using ArcGIS. Students enrolled in the course use real world scenarios to learn the spatial visualization techniques necessary for effective communication in the planning field. The course is held in the School’s GIS Laboratory, a computer facili-ty dedicated to the instruction of computer applications.

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Courses often involve group work and collaborative projects

Planning for the Moynihan Station transportation hub

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Advanced GISAdvanced GIS is a research seminar aimed at covering a va-

riety of advanced techniques in geographic information systems analysis, for both practice and research. As a skills-based semi-nar, the course operates with a two-fold mission: (1) to critically discuss the theories, concepts, and research methods involved in spatial analysis and (2) to learn the techniques necessary for engaging those theories and deploying those methods. There is a dedicated focus on the urban environment and spatial rela-tionships that arise from the urban context.

Cities, Nature, And Technology The purpose of this course is to explore how human and

non-human realities are intertwined in the making, re-mak-ing, and un-making of cities. The focus is on the materiality of buildings, “natural” forms (e.g., wetlands, rivers), infrastruc-tures (e.g., sewers, streets), plant and animal life, structures (e.g., billboards, cellphone towers), and people. The course’s perspective is derived from actor-network theory and writings on assemblages, “vibrant matter,” cyborg urbanism, infrastruc-ture and development, and the metabolism of the city. The goal is to provide the student with an historical and holistic under-standing of the evolution of cities that privileges assemblages of human things, objects, and nature. Explicitly rejected is that intervention involves autonomous and empowered humans who engage a passive urban materiality.

Developing Urban Informality This seminar exposes, explores and questions contem-

porary, acknowledged urban planning programs and urban design strategies dealing with informality. To this purpose, it will showcase related texts and projects that can be understood as historical paradigms and paradoxes of current programs devel-oping urban informality. These international case studies will include, among others, examples from Indonesia, Hong-Kong, Thailand, Kenya, Peru, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Nicara-gua, India, UK, and Argentina.

Environment, Climate Change, And Vulnerability Of Urban Cities: Our New “Normal” Climate change (CC) constitutes one of the most urgent

issues of our time. This course explores the vulnerability of urban populations making emphasis on context specific impacts in low and middle-income nations. Using case studies we will analyze how climate change impacts different social groups in

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our cities, identifying adaptation and mitigation strategies being currently implemented. Tools to draw on climate change scien-tific data and the uncertainty inherent in future projections, will be provided.

Ethnic Enclaves Ethnic enclaves occupy a unique place in the development

of American cities. This course will explore how ethnic enclaves are formed and how they fade, issues of immigration and expan-sion, planning strategies—both successes and failures—and it will re-assess theories of how ethnic enclaves function, includ-ing ethnic enclave economic (EEE) theory, a leading formulation of how enclaves operate economically that has come under increasing challenge.

Fundamentals Of Urban Digital Design This course teaches digital methods of creating visual

information, and is designed to build those skills fundamental to understanding and communicating projects from the scale of the building to that of the city. Classes will observe and discuss techniques of effective visual communication and teach the methods and details of realizing such work using the computer.

Inside Urban TransitThe aim of this course to offer students first hand, detailed

knowledge of the inside workings of large urban transportation systems. Specifically students will be primarily familiarized with the specifics of New York MTA and its subsidiary agencies, how-ever experiences of other major urban transport networks will also be introduced.

Introduction to Community DevelopmentThe objective of the course is to prepare students to devel-

op strategies for revitalizing forlorn inner city neighborhoods. By the end of the course students will understand the various theories of neighborhood change, be able to use these theories to inform the development of revitalization strategies, and be familiar with techniques for analyzing and diagnosing neighbor-hood trends relevant to community development.

Introduction To Environmental Planning This course provides an introduction to the background

and practice of environmental planning through a review of the history of urban environmental planning thought and an inves-tigation into the impacts of urbanization at different scales. Students will also be introduced to the tools of environmental planning in order to evaluate issues in both developed and de-veloping countries.

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Introduction to HousingThis course will address many of the housing issues that

have vexed Planners and policy makers for decades. Examples of such questions include: Why is there a shortage of afford-able housing? Should everyone be guaranteed a right to decent housing? When, if ever, should the government intervene in the provision of housing? This course will provide students with the analytical skills to address the questions listed above. In addition, students will learn to take advantage of the plethora of housing data available so as to be able to assess housing market conditions in a particular locality. With these skills students will be better prepared to formulate effective housing policies.

Introduction To Transportation Planning This course provides an introduction and overview of trans-

portation modes, the characteristics of transportation planning policies and procedures with their effect on the location, eco-nomic development of urban places and the related land use patterns. The growing dilemma in moving goods and freight will be introduced as both components continue to increase their share of overall trips. The role of the environmental impact statement and the increasing interest in environmental justice will be discussed. The governance of transportation as it has evolved for more than half a century with the federal mandated metropolitan transportation planning organization (MPO) will also be evaluated.

Negotiations For Planners Planners spend much of their time negotiating; yet general-

ly devote little time thinking about how to negotiate. They tend to focus only on the outcomes achieved in bargaining, and fail to explore how the processes or tactics on which they relied could have been varied to attain even better results. Our goal is to explore both the theoretical and practical aspects of nego-tiations. In this seminar, we shall review the literature dealing with negotiating, engage in negotiations in a variety of settings and study the negotiating process.

NYC Land Use ApprovalsThe course will take a real-world approach in examining the

various land use approval processes in New York City. Stu-dents will review the ULURP public review process, the Board of Standards and Appeals variance process, the Landmarks Preservation Commission procedures, and other elements of governmental approval processes. Students will attend public hearings, review past cases, and critically analyze what gets approved, what does not, and why. By following current and past development projects through these processes, students will get an understanding of the interplay between planning and politics.

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Physical Structure of CitiesThis lecture course focuses on the historic emergence of

contemporary practice of urban planning. Beginning with the birth of the industrial city in the 19th century, the course takes its subject matter from early planning attempts such as tene-ment house regulation and garden cities up to contemporary concerns with postmodernism, new urbanism, and sustainable development. The course focuses principally upon the American experience but also draws from Western Europe.

Planning For Disasters, Recovery, And Resilience This course focuses on the physical, social, economic and

policy aspects of natural and human-made disasters. Particular attention will be given to basic issues of land use and devel-opment, institutional policies and response, and the political response to disasters in the immediate and long run. Students will examine a variety of issues and tools, including disaster prevention and recovery programs, disaster planning as part of the redevelopment process, risk and vulnerability assessment, hazard mitigation, urban design and preservation, and commu-nity and local participation.

Planning For Emerging EconomiesThis course will focus on contemporary urban challenges

that emerging economies are facing as part of the intercon-nected world economy and society. These challenges range from increasing competition for economic growth, to envi-ronmental protection versus economic development, housing reform and slum upgrading in the process of urban renewal, rising conflicts over land use and property rights, urban-rural migration, and the rising power of social media. Students will have the opportunity to take a comparative perspective on how countries with different institutional settings deal with similar urban planning problems. Cases covered in the course will be drawn from countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

Politics Of International PlacemakingStudents in this course will spend the semester addressing

contemporary planning issues from across the globe. The stu-dents will develop semester-long group projects which critically analyze and compare the nuanced differences across planning contexts, assess the level of effectiveness of planning ap-proaches used in addressing such conditions and their resulting place-based effects, and envision better planning practices to make progress in the attainment of more just cities.

Private Partnerships, Privatization, And The New City GovernmentThe current budget deficits that local governments face

have given new life to the call to “reinvent government.” Public/

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Public Housing studio work revisioning contextual zoning and parking requirements

Course field trips take students to underground transportation projects

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private partnerships and privatization raise questions both about the proper role of government on the one hand, and about who governs on the other. They also raise the practical question of how best to manage them, given that the criteria for “best” must involve not only considerations of financial costs but of also of access and control. The course will examine when public/private partnerships and privatization make sense as well as the structure of the new government and the tools available for its governance.

Public Financing Of Urban DevelopmentThis course is an introduction to how public entities (cities,

states, public benefit corporations) finance urban development by issuing public securities. We will start with an examination of how public entities leverage limited capital resources through the issuance of debt, including a review of statutory and polit-ical considerations as well as limitations put on such debt. We will explore the limitations of tax exempt financing and the kinds of development that can qualify for such financing. By exam-ining different kinds of development financing, including mass transit, health care facilities, schools, public utilities, airports and housing, the class will see the major forms of tax exempt financing that are available.

Quantitative Methods The purpose of this class is to introduce students to the

concepts, techniques and reasoning skills necessary to un-derstand and undertake quantitative research. By the end of the semester students will be able to: 1) Design a quantitative research proposal 2) Conceptualize a quantitative statistical model 3) Estimate a quantitative statistical model 4) Interpret the results of descriptive analyses, t-tests, chi-square and mul-tivariate regression analyses. Students will learn and hone their skills through a combination of attending weekly class meetings, participating in weekly labs, completing written assignments and writing a research paper that tests a hypothesis using quan-titative techniques.

Real Estate Finance And Development The course is intended for planners who are interested

in real estate development and financing, but who need an introductory explanation of concepts and valuation techniques. Topics within the course include: Introduction to Real Estate Markets and Cycles; Real Estate Cash Flows and Valuations; Financing Income-Producing Real Estate Properties Financing Real Estate Development – construction Liquidity Risk and the benefits of Diversification Important Entities in the Real Estate Industry Evaluating the Financial Performance and Strength of Real Estate Entities Important Real Estate transactions.

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Site Planning & Support Systems for DevelopmentThis course introduces students to the specific techniques

employed by planners and developers to achieve a livable and healthful urban environment through effective and efficient site design.

Sustainable Zoning & Land Use RegulationSustainable Zoning and Land Use Regulations introduces the

basic techniques of land use control as practiced in the Unit-ed States today with an emphasis on regulations that support green building practices and promote sustainable development patterns. Guided by readings from a wide range of sources (including adopted and proposed sustainable ordinances), the course will be structured as both a seminar and lecture format incorporating the following: 1) General Land Use Regulations, 2) Sustainable Land Use Regulations, 3) Growth Management, 4) Residential Regulations / Development Fees, and 5) Regulation of Aesthetics.

Techniques Of Project Evaluation The course has two parts: cost benefit analysis and eco-

nomic development. Cost benefit analysis deals with the taxpayer as a consumer while economic development, which is fast emerging as an important function of government, deals with the taxpayer as a worker in need of employment and with businesses as a source of tax revenues.

Territorial Imperative: Twentieth Century New TownsCentral to the logic of New Towns during the 20th centu-

ry was the precise delineation of territory. Modern land use, planning and urban design practices were based on the ratio-nalization of parcels of land which could thereby be exchanged, regulated and controlled. The class will also undertake the documentation of a number of New Towns because further interpretation, comparisons, analysis, comprehension and evaluation is precluded in the absence of such data. The study of plans and sections, occupants and programs, scale and size, infrastructure and siting, and policy and planning frameworks will allow us to understand more precisely the methods, means – and, perhaps, the varied ends – of the territorial imperative. With their dramatic rise in Asia as well as the active renovation of many extant examples, historic New Towns may yet offer new possibilities.

Transportation Finance And Economics This course explores the environmental, social and eco-

nomic issues of sustainable transportation. Much of the class focuses on mass transit, which reflects the importance of transit in cities and the funding priorities of federal, state and

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local governments. Other topics covered include high speed rail, freight and shipping, local planning and the future of the automobile. Students will explore the incentives that shape our current system, new technologies that will influence transporta-tion in the future and unintended consequences of well-mean-ing policies. Special concern for the equity effects of sustain-able transportation is included.

Transportation and Land Use PlanningThis course is an overview of land use and transportation

policy and planning drawing primarily on the United States experience with autos and transit. By introducing principles of urban planning, civil engineering, economics and public policy, students will learn about how to use planning tools, policies and other infrastructure investments to help develop effective places and networks. By the end of this course students will be able to think critically about the transportation and land use implications of accessibility, environmental and urban design policies. In addition, students will understand the mutually reinforcing incentives of transportation and land use systems at local, regional and national scales.

Urban Design For Planners This course is an introduction to urban design through

weekly discussions and design workshops. The discussions fo-cus on the history, theory, and analysis of urban forms, spac-es, landscapes, and systems through presentations and case studies. The workshops develop a project-based exchange and application of the interdisciplinary ideas and techniques – from art and architecture to landscape architecture and environ-mental engineering – that designers use in developing projects in the urban context.

Urban Redevelopment PolicyThe purpose of this course is to familiarize the student

with the processes by which governments, private investors, and residents transform the uses, social composition, physical appearance, and market value of previously-developed, urban sites. We will focus on the history, rationales, financing, imple-mentation, and social impacts of these initiatives. To begin, we will review the history of government-subsidized redevelopment and explore the types of government incentives (e.g., tax abate-ments) available to developers. We will also delve into the key actors and the politics of redevelopment and investigate large, high-density, mixed-use (HDMU) projects in New York City and elsewhere.

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Formal education is supplemented with varied extracurricular activities, which students are encouraged to attend. Evening guest lectures, the Lectures in Planning Series, the student magazine URBAN, and student government. As part of an accredited planning program, students enjoy the benefits of the American Planning Association (APA), specifically networking events and educational opportunities through the New York Metro Chapter of APA.

Program CouncilProgram Council is composed of a group of planning students elected by their peers who act as coordinators and communicators between the students and the faculty and GSAPP administration.

PSO The Columbia Planning Student Organization (PSO) holds professional development and social events for UP students.

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LiPS Lectures in Planning Series (LiPS) is a weekly lecture and discussion that brings scholars and practitioners to GSAPP in order to discuss current ideas and issues in planning research and practice.

URBAN Magazine URBAN is a magazine created, edited, and published by students of Columbia University’s Urban Planning Program. URBAN is published and printed twice a year as Spring and Fall issues.

Urban China NetworkUCN brings students, scholars and practitioners from different disciplines into the discussion of China’s urbanization. UCN holds an annual Urban China Forum in the fall.

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