unit6 jewelry --the women’s sweet. unit6 jewelry i. teaching aims: i. teaching aims: by the end of...

Unit6 Jewelry

--The Women’s Sweet

Unit6 JewelryUnit6 Jewelry I. Teaching aims:I. Teaching aims: By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:By the end of this lesson, students should be able to: A. Know the general knowledge about different kinds of Jewelry as well as A. Know the general knowledge about different kinds of Jewelry as well as diamond.diamond. B. Learn to use the communicative skill of “making an apology”.B. Learn to use the communicative skill of “making an apology”. C. Master the use of article.C. Master the use of article. D. Grasp the words or phrases related to diamond.D. Grasp the words or phrases related to diamond. II. Teaching contents:II. Teaching contents: A.Present background information related to the world’s jewelry, diamond A.Present background information related to the world’s jewelry, diamond B.Text understandingB.Text understanding B.1 Text divisionB.1 Text division B.2 Explain any words and pharases that occurred in this unit B.2 Explain any words and pharases that occurred in this unit B.3 Point out the key sentences and parapharaseB.3 Point out the key sentences and parapharase C. Doing exercises and cheking answersC. Doing exercises and cheking answers III. Teaching difficulties:III. Teaching difficulties: A. To get the Ss to fulfill the tasks assigned by the teacherA. To get the Ss to fulfill the tasks assigned by the teacher B. To make the Ss understand the meaning of the story in this unitB. To make the Ss understand the meaning of the story in this unit IV. Teaching period needed: 12 IV. Teaching period needed: 12

Unit6 JewelryUnit6 Jewelry I. Pre-readingI. Pre-reading A. Brainstorming: Work A. Brainstorming: Work

with your partner and wwith your partner and write out the words about rite out the words about jewelryjewelry

What You WeWhat You Wear ar

What They ArWhat They Are Made ofe Made of

ring ring gold, silver, plgold, silver, platinum, pearl, atinum, pearl, diamond, ambdiamond, amber, coral, ruby, er, coral, ruby, emerald, jade, emerald, jade, crystal, sapphicrystal, sapphire gemstone are gemstone and other precind other precious stonesous stones

bracelet bracelet

hair pin hair pin

necklace necklace

earrings earrings

brooch brooch

Unit6 JewelryUnit6 Jewelry B. Background InformationB. Background Information B.1 JewelryB.1 Jewelry "Jewel" is a countable noun, meaning a valuable ston"Jewel" is a countable noun, meaning a valuable ston

e, such as a diamond, while "jewelery"e, such as a diamond, while "jewelery" （珠宝）（珠宝） is ais an uncountable noun, meaning small things that you wn uncountable noun, meaning small things that you wear for decoration, such as braceletsear for decoration, such as bracelets （手镯）（手镯） , rings, , rings, earringsearrings （耳环（耳环 , , 耳饰）耳饰） or necklacesor necklaces （项链）（项链） mmade of precious metals set with gems or imitation gemade of precious metals set with gems or imitation gems. "Jewellery" is British English spelling, and in Amers. "Jewellery" is British English spelling, and in American English it is spelt as "jewelry". As it is uncountaican English it is spelt as "jewelry". As it is uncountable, we need to use words such as "a piece of" or "a loble, we need to use words such as "a piece of" or "a lot of" with it if the quantity is mentioned.t of" with it if the quantity is mentioned.

Unit6 JewelryUnit6 Jewelry B.2 DiamondsB.2 Diamonds DiamondDiamond （金刚石（金刚石 ,, 钻石）钻石） is a clear, very hard and valuablis a clear, very hard and valuabl

e stone, used in jewelry and in industry, for example, a diamone stone, used in jewelry and in industry, for example, a diamond engagement ring. It is the birthstone of April and anniversard engagement ring. It is the birthstone of April and anniversary gemstone for the 10th and 60th years of marriage. Diamond y gemstone for the 10th and 60th years of marriage. Diamond was discovered in 500 B.C. in India. The name "diamond" cowas discovered in 500 B.C. in India. The name "diamond" comes from the Greek word "adamas" which means unconquerames from the Greek word "adamas" which means unconquerable - suggesting the eternity of love. Since ancient Greece diable - suggesting the eternity of love. Since ancient Greece diamonds have been the traditional symbol of love. The ancients monds have been the traditional symbol of love. The ancients believed they were hardened dew drops, splinters from the starbelieved they were hardened dew drops, splinters from the stars or crystallized lightening. A diamond, the hardest substance s or crystallized lightening. A diamond, the hardest substance known to man, is a crystallized carbon which has unique poweknown to man, is a crystallized carbon which has unique powers of light reflection. Because it is composed of a single elemers of light reflection. Because it is composed of a single element, a diamond is the purest of all gemstones. Diamond is a colont, a diamond is the purest of all gemstones. Diamond is a colorless stone. Some other occasional colors are: blue, yellow, amrless stone. Some other occasional colors are: blue, yellow, amber, red, green, pink.ber, red, green, pink.

Unit6 JewelryUnit6 Jewelry B.3 World production of natural diamondsB.3 World production of natural diamonds World natural diamond production for 2003 has been estimated at a total of World natural diamond production for 2003 has been estimated at a total of

144 million carats with a value of US9.4 billion. About 20% of this volume 144 million carats with a value of US9.4 billion. About 20% of this volume are gems, which will be polished and set intodiamond jewelery and 45% arare gems, which will be polished and set intodiamond jewelery and 45% are near-gem qualities, which would have been graded as industrial 40 years e near-gem qualities, which would have been graded as industrial 40 years ago but are now polished by the vast low-cost Indian cutting industry. The ago but are now polished by the vast low-cost Indian cutting industry. The balance is of industrial quality. DeBeers is the largest diamond miner in the balance is of industrial quality. DeBeers is the largest diamond miner in the world. Its mines in Botswana, South Africa, Namibia and Tanzania producworld. Its mines in Botswana, South Africa, Namibia and Tanzania produced 41% ( US3.9 billion) by value or 31% by caratage (43.9 million carats) ed 41% ( US3.9 billion) by value or 31% by caratage (43.9 million carats) of the world's 2003 production. The company's marketing arm, the Diamonof the world's 2003 production. The company's marketing arm, the Diamond Trading Company (DTC), sold 48% of world total production — a steep d Trading Company (DTC), sold 48% of world total production — a steep fall from the recent past when (in 2000) the company's market share was afall from the recent past when (in 2000) the company's market share was about 60% and the 1970s and 1980s when it was 80%. In 2003, Canada's Nbout 60% and the 1970s and 1980s when it was 80%. In 2003, Canada's Northwest Territories mines produced 11.2 million carats, 7.5% of the world orthwest Territories mines produced 11.2 million carats, 7.5% of the world total by weight, worth an estimated value of US1.24 billion, which is over total by weight, worth an estimated value of US1.24 billion, which is over 12% of the world total by value, making Canada the third largest producer 12% of the world total by value, making Canada the third largest producer of diamonds in the world, behind Botswana and Russia, surpassing South of diamonds in the world, behind Botswana and Russia, surpassing South Africa and Angola. A large proportion of the gem-quality diamond producAfrica and Angola. A large proportion of the gem-quality diamond produced by both the mines in the NWT is in the range of high color and quality, ed by both the mines in the NWT is in the range of high color and quality, and in sizes that are most in demand in the world's leading consumer markand in sizes that are most in demand in the world's leading consumer market, the USA.et, the USA.

Reading1 Diamond-cutter EphReading1 Diamond-cutter Ephraimraim

II. Text Difficulties Points AnalysisII. Text Difficulties Points Analysis A. Structure of reading1A. Structure of reading1 Part I (Paragraph 1-2)Part I (Paragraph 1-2) Introduction: The trade of diamond-cutting by mentioning the Introduction: The trade of diamond-cutting by mentioning the

man called Ephraim.man called Ephraim. 1) Ephraim’s family was to do with the diamonds.1) Ephraim’s family was to do with the diamonds. 2) Stating that Diamond-cutting needs excellent skills by comp2) Stating that Diamond-cutting needs excellent skills by comp

aring it to a samurai’s sword-thrust and a master archer’s centearing it to a samurai’s sword-thrust and a master archer’s centered-arrow. red-arrow.

Part II (Paragraph 3-5) Part II (Paragraph 3-5) Ephraim’s experience of successful cutting a diamond for a rEphraim’s experience of successful cutting a diamond for a r

ich merchant made his skill known and he became a master diich merchant made his skill known and he became a master diamond-cutter. amond-cutter.


B. Details AnalysisB. Details Analysis Para1: Para1: 1). His father was to do with diamonds:1). His father was to do with diamonds: When you say somebody is to do with something, it means he is destined tWhen you say somebody is to do with something, it means he is destined t

o be related to something. o be related to something. 与…有关与…有关 to do with: be related to something, or be involved with somethingto do with: be related to something, or be involved with something e.g. I’m sorry about the accident, but it’s nothing to do with me. e.g. I’m sorry about the accident, but it’s nothing to do with me. 出现这样的事故，我感到很遗憾，但我与这事没有一点关系出现这样的事故，我感到很遗憾，但我与这事没有一点关系 "Was/were to do something" construction is used when talking about a tim"Was/were to do something" construction is used when talking about a tim

e in the past to say what happened later.e in the past to say what happened later. e.g. This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart dise.g. This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart dis

ease.ease. 这个发现会对以后的心脏病治疗起主要作用这个发现会对以后的心脏病治疗起主要作用

In the text, another sentence uses the same construction: his daughter was tIn the text, another sentence uses the same construction: his daughter was to be married shortly.o be married shortly.


22 ）） . as had been his father:. as had been his father: In this sentence, "as" is used to introduce a non-restrictive attributive clausIn this sentence, "as" is used to introduce a non-restrictive attributive claus

e. This usage is frequently found in English.e. This usage is frequently found in English. e.g. Fred, as might be expected, was attending the conference.e.g. Fred, as might be expected, was attending the conference. 像大家预期的那样，弗雷德当时参加了会议像大家预期的那样，弗雷德当时参加了会议 When "as" is used to introduce attributive clauses, it is more often found toWhen "as" is used to introduce attributive clauses, it is more often found to

gether with "such" or "same".gether with "such" or "same". e.g. I never heard such stories as he tells. e.g. I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他告诉我的这些故我从未听过他告诉我的这些故

事事 3). 3). 3). be true of / for: something that is true of a group of people relates to all 3). be true of / for: something that is true of a group of people relates to all

the people in that group the people in that group 适用于适用于 ; ; 符合于符合于 e.g. Parents of young children often become depressed, and this is especialle.g. Parents of young children often become depressed, and this is especiall

y true ofy true of single parents. single parents. 孩子很小的父母亲们经常情绪低落，那些单亲家长们更是如此。孩子很小的父母亲们经常情绪低落，那些单亲家长们更是如此。


4). in particular: especially4). in particular: especially e.g. I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an e.g. I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an

unusual color.unusual color. 我特别注视着他的眼睛，因为他的眼睛的颜色非同寻常。我特别注视着他的眼睛，因为他的眼睛的颜色非同寻常。 5). be cut out for sth./to do sth.: to be naturally well suited for 5). be cut out for sth./to do sth.: to be naturally well suited for

sth. sth. 天然适合于天然适合于 (( 有做有做 ...... 的天赋的天赋 ,, 很相配很相配 )) e.g. I am not cut out for city life. e.g. I am not cut out for city life. 我不适合在城市生活。我不适合在城市生活。 6). be apprenticed to: to be an apprentice to sb. 6). be apprenticed to: to be an apprentice to sb. 成为学徒成为学徒 e.g. Bill didn’t go to college, now that he was apprenticed to a e.g. Bill didn’t go to college, now that he was apprenticed to a

carpenter.carpenter. 贝尔没有去上大学，因为他学徒做了木匠。贝尔没有去上大学，因为他学徒做了木匠。 [[ 相关词相关词 ]apprentice n. ]apprentice n. 学徒学徒 , , 实习生实习生 e.g. He began his career as an apprentice. e.g. He began his career as an apprentice. 他以当学徒开始他他以当学徒开始他

的职业生涯的职业生涯。。


Para2. Para2. 7). intuition: n. instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes) 7). intuition: n. instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes) 直觉直觉 e.g. I had a sudden intuition about the missing jewels.e.g. I had a sudden intuition about the missing jewels. 我凭直觉突然对失去的珠宝有所感知。我凭直觉突然对失去的珠宝有所感知。 8). tension: 8). tension: 1) n. the amount of a force stretching something 1) n. the amount of a force stretching something 张力；拉力张力；拉力 e.g. This wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking.e.g. This wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking. 这根金属线在断裂之前能承受五十磅的张力。这根金属线在断裂之前能承受五十磅的张力。 2) n. mental strain; excitement 2) n. mental strain; excitement 心理紧张；兴奋心理紧张；兴奋 e.g. We feel some tension before we take an exam. e.g. We feel some tension before we take an exam. 考试之前，我们觉得有点紧考试之前，我们觉得有点紧

张。张。 Tension mounted as we waited for the exam results to be published.Tension mounted as we waited for the exam results to be published. 我们在等待公布考试结果时气氛越来越紧张。我们在等待公布考试结果时气氛越来越紧张。 3) n. an anxious, untrusting, and perhaps dangerous condition in the relationship3) n. an anxious, untrusting, and perhaps dangerous condition in the relationship between people, countries, etc. (between people, countries, etc. ( 一般用复数一般用复数 ) ) 紧张关系；紧张局势紧张关系；紧张局势 e.g. The border dispute has been a continuing source of tension.e.g. The border dispute has been a continuing source of tension. 边界争端一直是紧张局势的根源。边界争端一直是紧张局势的根源。


Para3. Para3. 9). take one’s time: 9). take one’s time: 1) to take more time than is reasonable 1) to take more time than is reasonable 拖拉，慢吞吞拖拉，慢吞吞 e.g.The old lady took her time as she walked up the steps.e.g.The old lady took her time as she walked up the steps. 这位老太太慢慢地爬上楼梯。这位老太太慢慢地爬上楼梯。 2) to use as much time as is necessary, not hurry2) to use as much time as is necessary, not hurry 不慌不忙，不慌不忙，

从容。从容。 e.g. Please take your time, there is no rush. e.g. Please take your time, there is no rush. 你慢慢来，没有你慢慢来，没有

关系，并不急。关系，并不急。 10). choosy: adj. picky; difficult to please 10). choosy: adj. picky; difficult to please 挑剔的；难伺候的挑剔的；难伺候的 [[ 相关搭配相关搭配 ]be choosy about: be particular about ]be choosy about: be particular about 对…挑剔对…挑剔 e.g. He is very choosy about what he eats. e.g. He is very choosy about what he eats. 他对吃的东西非他对吃的东西非

常讲究。常讲究。


11). irritate:11). irritate: 1) vt. to make angry or impatient 1) vt. to make angry or impatient 激怒，使烦躁激怒，使烦躁 e.g. His letter irritated me a little. e.g. His letter irritated me a little. 他的信使我有点恼火。他的信使我有点恼火。 2) vt. make part of the body a little hurt or uncomfortable 2) vt. make part of the body a little hurt or uncomfortable 刺激；使难受刺激；使难受 e.g.The cigarette smoke irritates my eyes. e.g.The cigarette smoke irritates my eyes. 香烟的烟雾刺得我眼睛难受。香烟的烟雾刺得我眼睛难受。 [[ 相关词相关词 ] ] irritation n. the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed irritation n. the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed 激怒；生气，恼怒激怒；生气，恼怒 e.g. He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited.e.g. He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited. 他无法掩饰因未被邀请而生的气恼。他无法掩饰因未被邀请而生的气恼。 irritable adj. easily annoyed irritable adj. easily annoyed 易怒的易怒的 ,, 急躁的急躁的 e.g. The old man is an irritable person. e.g. The old man is an irritable person. 那个老人是个易怒的人。那个老人是个易怒的人。 12). bachelor:12). bachelor: 1) n. an unmarried man 1) n. an unmarried man 未婚男子；单身汉未婚男子；单身汉 e.g. He remained a bachelor all his life. e.g. He remained a bachelor all his life. 他终生未娶他终生未娶 2) n. [C] 2) n. [C] 学士学士 e.g. a Bachelor of Artse.g. a Bachelor of Arts 文学士文学士 (( 略作略作 BA,B.A.,A.B.)BA,B.A.,A.B.) a Bachelor of Medicinea Bachelor of Medicine 医学士医学士 (( 略作略作 B.M.)B.M.) a Bachelor of Sciencea Bachelor of Science 理学士（略作理学士（略作 B.S B.S ）） bachelor’s degree bachelor’s degree 学士学位学士学位


Para4. Para4. 13).in someone’s stead: in someone’s place; instead of someon13).in someone’s stead: in someone’s place; instead of someon

e (e ( 正式）代替某人正式）代替某人 e.g.She asked me to attend the meeting in her stead e.g.She asked me to attend the meeting in her stead 她要我替她要我替她去参加会议。她去参加会议。

14). in communion with: (formal) in special relationship with s14). in communion with: (formal) in special relationship with someone or something which makes you feel that you understaomeone or something which makes you feel that you understand them very well nd them very well 与与 . ... .. 有联络，有共同利害关系有联络，有共同利害关系

e.g.He lived in close communion with nature/ God. e.g.He lived in close communion with nature/ God. 他与大自他与大自然为伴。然为伴。

15). fall apart: to break (into piece) 15). fall apart: to break (into piece) 分裂；破碎；崩溃分裂；破碎；崩溃 e. g.She fell apart completely, crying like a baby. e. g.She fell apart completely, crying like a baby. 她完全崩溃她完全崩溃

了，哭得像个孩子。了，哭得像个孩子。


Para5. Para5. 16). He should have flown home again :16). He should have flown home again : "should have "should have ＋＋ V-ed" refers to obligation unfulfilled, that is, V-ed" refers to obligation unfulfilled, that is,

an action which should take place in the past was actually not an action which should take place in the past was actually not performed.performed.

e.g. You should have switched off the electric current. e.g. You should have switched off the electric current. 你本应你本应该把电源切断。该把电源切断。

an odd chance that… unusual: “that” here is an adverb of degran odd chance that… unusual: “that” here is an adverb of degree, which means “so” ee, which means “so”

or “to such a degree”.or “to such a degree”. e.g. It wasn’t that good, actually. e.g. It wasn’t that good, actually. 事实上，没有那么好。事实上，没有那么好。　　 Is the problem that easy? Is the problem that easy? 问题有那么简单吗问题有那么简单吗 ?? He knows only that much. He knows only that much. 他只知道那么多。他只知道那么多。


17). infect: 17). infect: 1) vt. to fill (sb.’s mind or spirit ) with feelings (1) vt. to fill (sb.’s mind or spirit ) with feelings ( 感情上感情上 ) ) 感染（别人）感染（别人） e.g. She infected the whole class with her laughter. e.g. She infected the whole class with her laughter. 她的笑声感染了全班同学。她的笑声感染了全班同学。 2) vt. (of disease ) to get into the body of someone, often through the air (2) vt. (of disease ) to get into the body of someone, often through the air ( 疾病疾病 )) 感感染传染（别人）染传染（别人）

e.g.The open wound soon became infected. e.g.The open wound soon became infected. 裸露的伤口很快就受到了感染。裸露的伤口很快就受到了感染。 [[ 相关搭配相关搭配 ] be infected with ] be infected with e.g.I was infected with a bad cold by my brother. e.g.I was infected with a bad cold by my brother. 我哥哥把重感冒传染给我。我哥哥把重感冒传染给我。 [[ 相关词相关词 ] infection n. ] infection n. 传染传染 e.g. He suffered from a lung infection. e.g. He suffered from a lung infection. 他肺部受到了感染。他肺部受到了感染。 infectious adj. infectious adj. 传染性的传染性的 e.g. Their enthusiasm was infectious. e.g. Their enthusiasm was infectious. 他们的热情有感染力。他们的热情有感染力。 Flu is an infectious disease characterized by fever, aches and pains and exhaustion.Flu is an infectious disease characterized by fever, aches and pains and exhaustion. 流感是一种传染病，其特征是发热、全身疼痛和疲乏无力。流感是一种传染病，其特征是发热、全身疼痛和疲乏无力。 18). destined: adj. intended in advance or by fate 18). destined: adj. intended in advance or by fate 注定的；命中注定的；预定的注定的；命中注定的；预定的 e.g. He was destined never to meet her again. e.g. He was destined never to meet her again. 命运注定他再也见不到她。命运注定他再也见不到她。 [[ 相关词相关词 ] destiny n. fate. ] destiny n. fate. 命运；天数；天命命运；天数；天命 e.g. a master of one's own destiny e.g. a master of one's own destiny 掌握自己的命运的人掌握自己的命运的人 It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. 他注定要客死异国。他注定要客死异国。


III. Exercises CheckIII. Exercises Check Exercise2: Choose the best answer to complete the folExercise2: Choose the best answer to complete the fol

lowing sentences. lowing sentences. Key: 1.C, 2.C, 3.B, 4.D, 5.D Key: 1.C, 2.C, 3.B, 4.D, 5.D Exercise3: Give the English words or phrases accordiExercise3: Give the English words or phrases accordi

ng to the meanings provided.ng to the meanings provided. 1. accumulate 2. brilliant 3. choosy 1. accumulate 2. brilliant 3. choosy 4. malicious 5. bachelor 6. destined 7. odd 4. malicious 5. bachelor 6. destined 7. odd 8. communion 9. intuition 10. fulfil8. communion 9. intuition 10. fulfil


Exercise4: Put the following expressions from Exercise4: Put the following expressions from the text in the blanks to complete the sentences.the text in the blanks to complete the sentences. Make changes where necessary. Make changes where necessary.

1. infect 2. was destined 3. joke about1. infect 2. was destined 3. joke about 4.to do with 5. takes her time for 6. were to 4.to do with 5. takes her time for 6. were to 7. in his stead 8. edge to her voice 9. fell apart7. in his stead 8. edge to her voice 9. fell apart 10. won't be cut out for10. won't be cut out for


Exercise5: Rewrite the following sentences and replaExercise5: Rewrite the following sentences and replace the underlined words with appropriate words or phce the underlined words with appropriate words or phrases from the text.rases from the text.

1. shortly 1. shortly 2. It's very odd2. It's very odd 3. choosy3. choosy 4. in my stead4. in my stead 5. in communion with 5. in communion with 6. be destined never to see each other again6. be destined never to see each other again


Exercise6: Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts to prExercise6: Word study: For each of the following clues, use the given prompts to produce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.oduce sentences in the same way as shown in the model.

1. a.Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.1. a.Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought. b.A joke can be very revealing of what someone's really thinking. b.A joke can be very revealing of what someone's really thinking. c.He still did not reveal what he felt about me. c.He still did not reveal what he felt about me. 2.a.As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion 2.a.As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. of their incomes. b.Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal b.Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. beaches. c.If you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis, they just c.If you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis, they just keep on accumulating.keep on accumulating. 3.a.We're looking for a very specific sort of person and this woman seems to 3.a.We're looking for a very specific sort of person and this woman seems to fulfil all of our criteria. fulfil all of our criteria. b.Being laid off, he could not fulfil the role of the breadwinner for his family. b.Being laid off, he could not fulfil the role of the breadwinner for his family. c.Due to circumstances beyond our control, the fulfillment of your contract c.Due to circumstances beyond our control, the fulfillment of your contract will be delayed by several weeks.will be delayed by several weeks.


4.a.The financial performance of the business is fully 4.a.The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve. expected (= almost certain) to improve. b.Considering the problems he's had, there can be little b.Considering the problems he's had, there can be little expectation of him winning the race. expectation of him winning the race. c.You expect too much of John to think he can finish this c.You expect too much of John to think he can finish this job by Friday.job by Friday. 5.a.I absolutely refuse to take part in anything that's 5.a.I absolutely refuse to take part in anything that's illegal. illegal. b.His argument is based on the refusal to protect the b.His argument is based on the refusal to protect the environment. environment. c.The local council refused him planning permission to c.The local council refused him planning permission to build an extra house.build an extra house.


IV. Grammar FocusIV. Grammar Focus The Use of Article The Use of Article 冠词的使用冠词的使用冠词本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明冠词本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词 (the)(the) ，另一种是，另一种是不定冠词不定冠词 a/ana/an ，还有一种是零冠词，还有一种是零冠词 (( 即不用冠词即不用冠词 )) 。。

1. 1. 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法　　 1) 1) 表示表示 "" 一个一个 "" ，意为，意为 oneone ；指某人或某物，意为；指某人或某物，意为 a certaina certain 。例如：。例如：　　　　 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。有位姓凌的先生在等你。　　 22 ）代表一类人或物。例如：）代表一类人或物。例如：　　　　 A knife is a tool for cutting with. A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。刀是切割的工具。　　　　 Mr. Smith is an engineer. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。史密斯先生是工程师。　　 33 ）组成词组或成语，如）组成词组或成语，如 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a grea little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a gre

at many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short at many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudwhile / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a suddenden 等。等。


2. 2. 定冠词的用法定冠词的用法　　 11 ）特指双方都明白的人或物。例如：）特指双方都明白的人或物。例如：　　　　 Take the medicine. Take the medicine. 把药吃了。把药吃了。　　 22 ）上文提到过的人或事。例如：）上文提到过的人或事。例如：　　　　 He bought a house. He bought a house. 他买了幢房子。他买了幢房子。 I've been to the house. I've been to the house. 我去过我去过

那幢房子。那幢房子。　　 33 ）指世上独一物二的事物，如）指世上独一物二的事物，如 the sun, the skythe sun, the sky ，， the moonthe moon ，， the ethe e

artharth 等。等。　　 44 ）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如 the dollar the dollar 美元美元 ; the fox ; the fox 狐狸；狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人： the rich the rich 富人富人 ; the living ; the living 生者。生者。

　　 55 ）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词 onlyonly ，， veryvery ，， samesame 等等前面。例如：前面。例如：

　　　　 Where do you live?Where do you live?　　 I live on the second floor. I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在你住在哪？我住在二层。二层。

　　　　 That's the very thing I've been looking for. That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。那正是我要找的东西。　　 66 ）与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：）与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：　　 They are the teachers of this school.They are the teachers of this school. （指全体教师）（指全体教师）　　 They are teachers of this school.They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师）（指部分教师）


77 ）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如：）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如：　　　　 She caught me by the arm. She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。她抓住了我的手臂。　　 88 ）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词

前。例如：前。例如：　　 the People's Republic of Chinathe People's Republic of China 　中华人民共和国　中华人民共和国　　 the United Statesthe United States 　美国　美国　　 99 ）用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如：　）用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如：　 She plays the piano.She plays the piano. 　她会弹钢琴。　她会弹钢琴。　　 1010 ）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：　　　　 the Greensthe Greens　格林一家人（或格林夫妇）　格林一家人（或格林夫妇） 11) 11) 和形容词和分词连用，表示一类人或事物。例如和形容词和分词连用，表示一类人或事物。例如　　　　　　 the sick the dead the old the wounded the sick the dead the old the wounded 12) 12) 用于“名词＋用于“名词＋ of +of +名词”的结构中，表示同位关系。如：名词”的结构中，表示同位关系。如： the city of Shanghai the Tower of Londonthe city of Shanghai the Tower of London 　　 1313 ）用在惯用语中。例如：）用在惯用语中。例如：　　　　　　 in the day, in the morning (afternoonin the day, in the morning (afternoon ，， evening), the day after tomorrow, evening), the day after tomorrow,

the day before yesterday, the day before yesterday, 　　 the next morning,the next morning, 　　 on the whole, by the way,on the whole, by the way, 　　 go go to the theatreto the theatre

unit6 jewelry --the women’s sweet. unit6 jewelry i. teaching aims: i. teaching aims: by the end of...

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