UNIT3 - FORESTRY

TOPIC 2 – FOREST USES

FOREST USE 1 - RECREATION Recreational uses of forests include:

HikingFishingCanoeing SolitudeCampingHuntingFishingATVingBikingSkiingBerry-pickingBird-watching

FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING COMMERCIAL CUTTING

Cutting for INDUSTRY USE, such as PULP and PAPER, SAWMILLS, and VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS

COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: KRUGER CBPPL

1500+ employees800+ woodlands40-50 rural communities

COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: LUMBER PRODUCTION1670 commercial and domestic sawmills in NL

3000 people employed in this province

FOREST USE 2 – HARVESTING DOMESTIC CUTTING

Cutting for HEATING or SUPPLEMENTAL HEATING of our HOMES

In 1993, 33 % of the population in NL used WOOD as either a PRIMARY or SECONDARY source of heat

Each year, about 450,000 cubic meters of wood is harvested for use as fuel.

FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS

Wood and wood-products can be processes and worked into many fine products, such as:GuitarsKitchen CabinetsHardwood FlooringFurnitureMaple SyrupWood Pellets

FOREST USE 3 – ECONOMY In addition to employment in HARVESTING ACTIVITIES, there are many other forest-related careers, includingCONSERVATION ex: wildlife officer

ECOTOURISM ex: outfitting, sight-seeing

RESEARCH ex: soil scientist

UNIT 3 - FORESTRY

TOPIC 3 – FOREST CHARACTERISTIC

S AND TYPES

FOREST TERMINOLOGY BIOSPHERE

The living portion of Earth BIOME

Subdivision of the biosphereOne Biome is the FOREST BIOME

FORESTA community of living organisms in which TREES are the dominant form of life.

FOREST TERMINOLOGY CANOPY

The “roof” of a forest with the crowns of the dominant trees and other vegetation.

UNDERSTORYThe area below the canopy, made up of shrubs, snags, and small trees.

FOREST FLOORThe lowest level of the forest, which is made up of tree seeds, dead leaves and needles, grasses, ferns, flowers, fungi, and decaying plants and logs.

FOREST TERMINOLOGY CONIFEROUS TREE

“Cone-bearing” or soft wood Waxy, evergreen needles Examples:

Spruce, pine, fir, cedar Products:

Pulp and paper, lumber, plywood

DECIDUOUS TREE Hard wood Shed leaves every winter, new buds in the

spring Examples:

Birch, maple, cherry, walnut Products:

Furniture, flooring

FOREST CATEGORIES There are 2 MAJOR FOREST CATEGORIES:TROPICAL FOREST

Tropical Rain ForestNON-TROPICAL FOREST

Boreal (Taiga)Temperate Deciduous Temperate Rainforest

TROPICAL FOREST Greatest Biodiversity

1 km2 may contain as many as 100 different tree species

Located near equator in TROPICAL REGION No Winter, Only a rainy and a dry season Temperatures 20 – 25oC all year Precipitation occurs all year, with an annual

rainfall of about 2000 mm Soil is nutrient-poor and acidic Canopy is multilayered and continuous,

so very shaded on forest floor Biggest Threat is DEFORESTATION due to

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

BOREAL FOREST The world’s largest land biome Found across Eurasia and North America

Short, moist, warm summers and long, cold, dry winters

Precipitation is mostly snow Soil is thin, nutrient-poor and acidic

Canopy permits low light penetration, so understory is limited

Biggest threat is LOGGING

TEMPERATE FOREST Located Below Boreal Regions Well-defined seasons Fertile soil Precipitation is about 75-150 cm per year

Canopy is penetrated by light, allowing for a diverse understory

Biggest threat is URBANIZATION

CANADIAN FORESTS Canada is sometimes referred to as the “land of forests”, with forests covering 45 % of the total land area of Canada

Forest have shaped our trade, commerce, as well as our art and literature.

Canada has nearly 10 % of the world’s forests.

CANADIAN FORESTS . . . In CANADA, About 90% of our forests are CONIFEROUS.

About 1% of our forests are DECIDUOUS.

About 9% of our forests are MIXED STANDS.

UNIT 3 - FORESTRY

TOPIC 4 – THE VALUE OF FORESTS

WHAT IS THE VALUE OF FOREST?

Students must work in groups to find examples of each type of value relating to forests in our world.SOCIALECONOMICECOLOGICAL

WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THE FOREST?

ECOLOGICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

SOCIAL VALUE - FOREST A “way of life”

Historical ties/ “sense of place”

Spiritual importance

Recreational significance

SOCIAL/CULTURAL VALUES

ECONOMIC VALUE $ - FOREST Pulp and Paper Lumber/Sawmilling Industry Value-Added Industry Other

Tourism/RecreationOutfitters, Eco-tourism

Bio-fuel ProductionWood pellets, Briquettes

Specialty ItemsWreaths, Wine, Jam, Pharmaceuticals,

Furniture, etc.

ECONOMIC VALUES

ECOLOGICAL VALUE - FOREST Climate Regulation Carbon Storage Water Cycling Soil Stabilization Reduce Air Pollution Animal Habitat Watersheds

ECOLOGICAL VALUES