Unit 6 Text Analysis WorkshopGrab notebooks!

Strong arguments include…1. Claim: writer’s position on issue2. Support: reasons & evidence to support

claim3. Counterargument: acknowledges

objections the “other side” might make and negates them

Steps to Evaluating an Argument

1. Identify the claimRead through the whole articleDetermine the claim, or their opinionClaim is often stated in form of a

generalization, a broad statement covering many situations

Ex of generalization: “Every eligible citizen should be required to vote”

Steps to Evaluating an Argument2. Examine the evidence (how the author supports claim)

Logical Appeals use convincing reasons and evidence to appeal to a person’s logicoReasons explain why the author holds the opinion, ex:

“Citizens should be required to vote because only then will elected officials represent all the people.”

oEvidence is specific info that is used to back up a reason.

oTypes of evidence: facts, statistics (number facts), examples, and quotes by experts

Watch for errors in logic such as hasty generalizations, or conclusions drawn from too little evidence oEx: Our student body president is doing a terrible job

and he is a guy. Boys should not be allowed to run for student council.

Steps to Evaluating an Argument

2. Examine the evidence cont.Emotional Appeals stir feelings, though

are not necessarily fact based. Authors use emotional appeal because they know it might override reasonoLoaded words-words with strong

emotional connotations or associations)oAnecdotes- brief stories or personal

accounts of an event.

Steps to Evaluating an Argument3. Consider the counterargument

Has the writer dealt with objections?

Turn to pg. 633Complete the Close Read questions for

Model 1 and Model 2I MIGHT collect them (Muwhahahaha)

PROPAGANDA: techniques used to influence opinions, emotions, attitudes or

behavior.

Persuasive Techniques

(Otherwise known as: PROPAGANDA)

Who uses propaganda?MilitaryMediaAdvertisersPoliticiansYou and I!!!

Propaganda TechniquesBandwagon TechniqueTestimonialLoaded WordMisuse of statisticsAppeal to fearAppeal to pityEthical appealPlain FolksSnob Appeal Transfer

Bandwagon Technique

Everyone is doing it! You should too!!!

TestimonialA famous person

endorses a product

Loaded WordUse “loaded” words like . . . newimprovedbestsuper

Misuse of Statistics

When the statistics are based on a falsehood.

Appeal to Fear

Motivates by fear

Appeal to pity Uses strong emotions of sympathy or pity

to motivate

Ethical AppealTaps into value’s or moral standards

“If you believe in education, vote against cutting after-school programs. With your help, we can keep these programs going strong.”

Plain Folks• Makes the leaders look like common people (mom and pop

style).

                                                            

Transfer

                   

-Feelings (good or bad)are transferred to something else.

Transfer tries to make you view something in the same way as they view something else.

In the Kerry vs. Bush campaign, an internet email circulated showing similar physical characteristics between John Kerry and a Frankenstein monster.

Another example: “Take pride in being an American. Vote for John Doe!”

PRACTICE:What type of propaganda technique is used in the

following ad?A. Bandwagon

B. Loaded Words

C. Testimonial

D. Name-Calling

E. Plain Folks

F. Snob Appeal

G. Misuse of Statistics

H. Transfer

B. Loaded word

What type of propaganda technique is used in the following

ad?A. Bandwagon

B. Loaded Words

C. Testimonial

D. Name-Calling

E. Plain Folks

F. Snob Appeal

G. Misuse of Statistics

H. Transfer

C. Testimonial

C. Testimonial

Loaded Word

What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?

A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of StatisticsH. Transfer

A. Bandwagon

What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?

C. Testimonial

A. Bandwagon

B. Loaded Words

C. Testimonial

D. Name-Calling

E. Plain Folks

F. Snob Appeal

G. Misuse of Statistics

H. Transfer

What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?

Loaded Word

A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of

StatisticsH. Transfer

What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?

Bandwagon

A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of StatisticsH. Transfer

What type of propaganda is this?

Misuse of Statistics4 out of 5 vets recommend 4 out of 5 vets recommend Iams to help your dog live Iams to help your dog live healthier, longer.healthier, longer.

A. BandwagonB. Loaded WordsC. TestimonialD. Name-CallingE. Plain FolksF. Snob AppealG. Misuse of StatisticsH. Transfer

What type of propaganda is this?

Transfer

A. Bandwagon

B. Loaded Words

C. Testimonial

D. Name-Calling

E. Plain Folks

F. Snob Appeal

G. Misuse of Statistics

H. Transfer

What type of propaganda is this?

A. Bandwagon

B. Loaded Words

C. Testimonial

D. Name-Calling

E. Plain Folks

F. Snob Appeal

G. Misuse of Statistics

H. Transfer

Testimonial

Turn to pg. 635Complete the Close Read questions for

Model 1 and Model 2

Rhetorical DevicesRhetoric- powerful languageRhetorical devices:

RepetitionParallelismAnalogiesRhetorical questions

RepetitionUse same word or words more than once

for emphasis

Ex: “Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor.”

---Ronald Regan

ParallelismUses similar grammatical constructions to

express ideas that are related or equal in importance

Often creates a rhythm

AnalogyComparison between to things

The captain is to his ship as the leader is to his tribe

Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence.(Sydney J. Harris, "What True Education Should Do," 1964)

Rhetorical QuestionsQuestions asked to make a point with no

expectation of an answer

Ex: "If your friend jumped off the bridge would

you do it too?" "You don't think I'm that stupid, do you?""Is the sky blue?" "Is the Pope Catholic?"

Turn to pg. 636Answer the 2 Close Read Questions for the

sample reading