unit 6 chapter 10 1920’s. the roaring 1920’s boom and bust

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Unit 6 Chapter s The Roaring 1920s BOOM and BUST Suggestions Need/Want to know Warren G Harding President surrounded by scandals Promised to return the U.S. back to normalcy The Ohio Gang- the group of friends Harding appointed to office The Ohio Gang- the group of friends Harding appointed to office. They were drinking and poker buddies- not good for the government. Many in the Ohio Gang used their positions of power to make corrupt (unethical) deals Harding dies 3 years into his presidency (1923) due to a heart attack- vice president Calvin Coolidge takes over Harding Coolidge Veterans Bureau Scandal Who: Charles Forbes- head of Veteran's Bureau (Ohio Gang) What: Forbes sold medical supplies from veterans hospitals and kept the money for himself. Costing taxpayers 250 million Aftermath: sentences to 2 years on jail Teapot-Dome Scandal Who: Who: Albert Fall- Secretary of interior (Ohio Gang) Where: Where: Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California What: What: Fall allowed private oil companies to lease U.S. Navy Oil reserve land. U.S. Navy Oil Reserves are supposed to be used to the NAVY ONLY. Fall did not let other oil companies bid on the land In return Fall received bribes from the private oil companies Aftermath Aftermath- Fall goes to Prison Justice Department Scandal Who: Who: Harry Daugherty attorney General (Ohio Gang) What: What: profiting from the sale of government alcohol supplies, failing to enforce prohibition, and selling pardons. Aftermath: Aftermath: Daugherty was never convicted- dismissed by Coolidge. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjL-uE4lSvIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjL-uE4lSvI Ohio gang (4 min) Calvin Coolidge Keep Cool with Coolidge Won reelection in 1924 Wanted to make sure the government interfered with business and industry as little as possible (laissez faire) U.S. after WWI To prevent further wars Americans wanted Isolationism- (stay out of world affairs) BUT The U.S. was too powerful and too connected with other nations economically to be isolationists. To promote peace in the word the U.S. focused on economic and arms control (weapons) agreements Dawes Plan Who: France, Britain, Germany, and U.S. Problem: France and Britain could not pay of war debts to U.S. Germany was paying reparations (money) for war damages to Britain in France and it was hurting their economy. U.S.- needs European economies to be healthy so they can buy our products and get our war money back. Solution: American banks would make loans to Germany so they could make reparation payments France and Britain would then accept less money in reparations and pay back more war time debts to U.S. Dawes Plan Washington Conference -Major powers were in the middle of a naval arms race -U.S. wanted to stop this. -Countries agreed to a 10-year halt on the construction of new warships Japan is angered as they were asked to keep a smaller Navy than the U.S. and Britain in the conference Kellogg-Briand Pact U.S. and 62 other nations signed the Pact in which all nations agreed to settle disputes peacefully and not go to war with each other (outlawing war) Chapter 10 Section 2 A Growing Economy The 1920s were a time of rapid economic growth in the United States. Much of this boom can be traced to the automobile. By applying innovative manufacturing techniques, Henry Ford changed that. His affordable Model T became a car for the people. Before 1920, only wealthy people could afford cars. Henry Ford Simulation 6 groups of 5 Round one: 3 groups will work from tables and 3 groups will work in the rows Tables each person needs to produce cars based on the following specification Color Windows Blue Color Wheels Black Write FORD on the top of the page One person must be the inspector (does not make cars ) You have 1 minute to produce as many Quality cars as possible one group member must check to make sure the cars are being produced up to standard Rows 1st- color windows blue 2 nd - color wheels black 3rd- Write FO on top of the paper 4th write RD on the top of the paper 5 th inspector looks at finished cars and decided to keep or scrap the car At the end of round one.. Count the number of QUALITY cars produced only- have the inspector record that number on a piece of paper. Round 2 Table groups and row groups switch and repeat the previous process At the end students will record hoe many quality cars they were able to produce Debrief-- How did round 1 and two compare? Was it better to have a specialized job or be responsible for multiple jobs? Did you produce more quality cars in round 1 or 2? Why do you think that is? Over all why do you think Ford would choose to build cars with an assembly line (round 2) versus one person being responsible for multiple jobs on the cars? Why did we do this simulation? Fun assembly line video I Love Lucy https://youtu.be/8NPzLBSBzPI Henry Ford Used mass production large scale manufacturing done with machinery Made possible by the assembly line- divided operations into simple specialized tasks Where have we heard this before? Time it took to build a car: 12 hours Time it took after the assembly line: 93 minutes 1908 Original price of Model T: $ Price of Model T after assembly line: $490 --high amount of sales brought the car down to $295 by 1924!! The car was now affordable to his employees mostly due to the assembly line https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgL1ZL_sh08https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgL1ZL_sh years of the assembly line (1:40) Fords Workers Increased wages of workers to $5 a day (double) Reduced the work day to 8 hours Went from a 6 day work week to 5 WHY? 1.Increased demand for his product 2.Helped keep unions out of the factories 3.Easier to retain (keep) employees People had more disposable (extra) time and money, giving them more freedom! Result of the Automobile 1.More people could live farther from work 2.Growth of suburbs 3.Downtown cities lose business 4.Mass transit in cities (trolleys) became less popular New Goods on the Market Kelvinator Refrigerator Airway Sanitizer Vacuum cleaner Electric washer with hand wringer New Products = New Advertisements Many Americans bought these new products on credit Radio NBC CBS Broadcasting advertisements, presidential election campaigns, music, acting skits, and comedians Airplanes 1903: Wilbur and Orville Wright made first flight in History ! 1927: Charles Lindberg- made 1 st transatlantic flight Why is Lindbergs flight significant to aviation? Not Everyone enjoyed the Prosperity of the 1920s Famers had a surplus (extra) but could not sell the surplus products Why? Tariffs were set too high so Europeans who lacked money after the war could not afford American products. African Americans, Women, immigrants, Native Americans, and southern farmers all struggled Chapter9 Section 3- A Clash in Values Nativism Recall: What is nativism? -Dislike of immigrants. Example: Sacco and Vanzetti Italian anarchist immigrants accused of robbing and murdering two employees at a show factory Very little evidence, but because they were foreigners and anarchists people assumed their guilt. Sentenced to death executed 1927 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SuTTcj2u8 Return of the Klu Klux Klan Nativist Terrorist group- remerged in 1915 Were against African Americans, Catholics, Jews and Immigrants Group declines at the end of the 1920s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9_a5iRGDuY Response to Nativism Emergency Quota Act and National Origins Act Both limited immigration to the U.S. based on percentages already living within the US What is a culture clash define Think of you and your parents Culture Clash Women Culture Clash Push back from what had been previously expected of them Modernism emphasized science and secular (non- religious) values. Fundamentalism taught that every word in the Bible was the literal truth. Culture Clash The conflict over teaching evolution in public schools continues today. The Scopes (Monkey) Trial Tennessee made it illegal to teach evolution in public schools. Biology teacher John Scopes challenged the law. Defense attorney Clarence Darrow tried to use science to cast doubt on religious beliefs. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9IO4dj_BqQ Prohibition- movement to outlaw of Alcohol In 1919, the Eighteenth Amendment, which banned the making, distributing, or selling of alcohol, became part of the Constitution. The Volstead Act enabled the government to enforce the amendment. Prohibition became law in the United States. Prohibition did not stop people from drinking alcoholic beverages. A large illegal network created, smuggled, distributed, and sold alcohol, benefiting gangsters such as Al Capone. People bought alcohol illegally from bootleggers and at speakeasies. Prohibition contributed to the rise of organized crime.