unit 4:. lesson 1 – greenhouse effect introduction to climate and climate change greenhouse effect

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CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT 4:

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Page 1: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

CLIMATE CHANGEUNIT 4:

Page 2: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect

Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Page 3: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Weather Versus Climate WEATHER:

Atmospheric conditions, including temperature, precipitation, wind and humidity, in a particular location over a short period of time

Page 4: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

CLIMATE

Page 5: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

CLIMATE

The usual pattern (the average) of the weather in a region over a long period of time (usually 30 years)

The climate of a region determines the types of plants and animals that live there

Page 6: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

CLIMATE

Page 7: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Sun & Earth’s Climate System Climate System

The complex set of components that interact with each other to produce Earth’s climate

These components include: ○ Atmosphere – (gases surrounding earth)○ Hydrosphere – (liquid water, ice, water vapour)○ Lithosphere -- (Earth’s rock crust, land surfaces)○ Living things – (plants, animals, microbes etc.)

Page 8: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Sun & Earth’s Climate SystemThe climate system is powered by the SUN

The energy that Earth receives from the sun interacts with the components of the climate system to produce climate zones

Page 9: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Earth’sEnergy

Page 10: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Think about this.....

If 70% of solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed, why doesn’t the Earth just heat up tremendously?

Since the Sun is constantly shining on the Earth and the Earth is constantly absorbing its energy, why does the Earth’s average temperature remain relatively constant?

Page 11: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Earth’s Surface Emits Energy

As the surface of the Earth warms up from the Sun’s energy, it gains thermal energy and then converts it to low-energy infrared (IR) radiation

The amount of energy radiated by Earth’s system is equal to the amount of energy Earth’s system absorbs from the Sun

Because of this balance of energy, Earth’s global temperature stays fairly constant

Page 12: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect
Page 13: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect
Page 14: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Equilibrium...

The balance between energy absorbed from the Sun and energy emitted from Earth ensures that Earth’s global temperature remains fairly constant

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOAqECd70Ww

Page 15: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Equilibrium....

Without a climate system, the Earth would still reach an energy equilibrium, however, Earth would be much colder

The Greenhouse Effect contributes to the Earth not being so cold. Without the climate system’s greenhouse effect, the Earth’s average global temperature would be -18oC instead of 15oC

Page 16: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

The Greenhouse Effect It is a natural process that has been

happening for millions of years

Gases and clouds absorb infrared radiation emitted from Earth’s surface and radiate it, heating the atmosphere and Earth’s surface

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqVyRa1iuMc

Page 17: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect
Page 18: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gases Any gas in the atmosphere (ie: water

vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane) that absorbs lower energy infrared radiation

Page 19: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gas – Carbon Dioxide CO2 makes up only 385 ppm of the Earth’s

atmosphere which represents only about 0.0385%

But, CO2 is estimated to cause up to a quarter (1/4) of the natural greenhouse effect on Earth

CO2 molecules have atoms that can vibrate and wiggle in many ways and can absorb different types of energy

Page 20: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect
Page 21: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gas – Water Vapour

2/3 of Earth’s natural greenhouse effect is caused by water vapour in the atmosphere

Amount of water in atmosphere depends on temperature; about 4%

Page 22: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gas – Water Vapour

Water vapour and temperature are related by a positive feedback loop

Page 23: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gases – Methane (CH4)

There is less methane in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide

Methane can absorb more thermal energy than carbon dioxide (23 more times)

Page 24: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gases – Ozone (O3) Forms a layer protecting the Earth’s

surface from the Sun’s higher-energy UV radiation

Ozone also acts as a greenhouse gas

Page 25: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gases – Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

300 times more effective than a molecule of CO2 as a greenhouse gas

Lower levels of nitrous oxide can be found in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide

Page 26: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

The molecule’s increased ability to vibrate will allow for greater absorption of energy

Page 27: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect
Page 28: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gases – Changing the Climate

Greenhouse gases have been a part of our atmosphere for hundreds of thousands of years and have contributed to the naturally occurring greenhouse effect

Page 29: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

But, what’s happening now?

Increases since about 1750 are attributed to human activities in the industrial era.

Page 30: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect
Page 31: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Anthropogenic (Human Influenced) Sources of Greenhouse Gases

Carbon Dioxide:Burning fossil fuels (coal, gasoline, natural

gas) releases CO2

Deforestation – inhibits photosynthesis which would remove CO2 from the atmosphere; also as left over forest waste decomposes, it produces greenhouse gases

Page 32: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Anthropogenic (Human Influenced) Sources of Greenhouse Gases

MethaneAgricultural activities – rice farming, cattle

ranchingLandfills and sewage treatment plants –

methane is released as organic material decays

Coal mining and natural gas extraction releases methane

Page 33: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Nitrous OxideManagement of livestock feed and wasteUse of nitrogen fertilizers

Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) no natural sources of CFCsLeak out of refrigerators and air conditioners

Anthropogenic (Human Influenced) Sources of Greenhouse Gases

Page 34: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Anthropogenic Greenhouse Effect

The increase in the amount of lower-energy infrared radiation trapped by the atmosphere as a result of higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities, which is leading to an increase in Earth’s average global temperature

Page 35: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Carbon Dioxide & Global Temperature

Increases in carbon dioxide levels result in increases in global temperature due to the greenhouse effect; however, increases in temperature can also cause increases in carbon dioxide levels

As the temperature increases, carbon dioxide stored in plants and oceans (carbon sinks) get released

Page 36: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Positive Feedback Loop

Page 38: UNIT 4:. Lesson 1 – Greenhouse Effect Introduction to climate and climate change Greenhouse Effect

Homework

Read Section 8.3 (pg:325-329) Do question #2, 3, 5

Read Section 8.6 (pg: 338-342) Do questions # 1, 4, 5

Read Section 9.4 (pg: 384-389) Do questions #2, 5, 6