UNIT 4: CULTURAL CONFLICT

LESSON 4.5: REFORM MOVEMENTS

Focus

• What does the word “transcend” mean?• Who are some of the major figures of

transcendentalism?• What are the core beliefs of transcendentalists?• What is the impact of transcendentalism on society?• How were later reformers such as Gandhi and MLK

inspired by the Thoreau?• To what extent is U.S. history a history of progress?

REFORMING SOCIETY

Activate

• What does the word “reform” mean?

• In what areas do you believe we need to make reforms today?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t62fUZJvjOs

• 1.

• 2.

• 3.

temperence

SETTING THE STAGE

• THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING CREATED AN ENVIRONMENT FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. SPURRED ON BY THE REVIVAL OF RELIGION, AS WELL AS A HEIGHTENED BELIEF IN THE POWER OF INDIVIDUALS TO IMPROVE SOCIETY THEMSELVES, AMERICANS ENGAGED IN REFORM MOVEMENTS.

A religious revival• Concern that Americans were falling away from

Christianity led to the Second Great Awakening• Basic message was that individuals must re-admit Christ

into their daily lives• Protestant ideology = individuals can seek and achieve

salvation, therefore individuals can improve society • The Second Great Awakening paved the way for reform

movements of the 1800’s.

THE REFORM SPIRIT• IN 1841, DOROTHY DIX WAS APALLED BY CONDITIONS WITHIN A

LOCAL PRISON

• PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM MENTAL ILLNESS HAD BEEN THROWN INTO HORRIBLE CONDITIONS IN PRISONS

• HER EFFORTS LED TO “SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS” AND ASYLUMS

• WOMEN PLAYED A PROMINENT PART IN THE REFORM MOVEMENT!

PRISON REFORM

• PRISON REFORM AIMED TO NOT JUST PUNISH PRISONERS, BUT TO REHABILITATE THEM

• PENITENTIARIES = PRISONERS WOULD WORK TO ACHIEVE PENITENCE, OR REMORSE. VERY STRICT AND STRUCTURED!

AP 1: 5 words

TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

• MANY REFORMERS BELIEVED ALCOHOL MAIN EVIL BEHIND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

• TEMPERENCE GROUPS SPRANG UP TO LIMIT CONSUMPTION, AS WELL AS PROHIBIT SALE OF ALCOHOL

AP 2: create a test question

EDUCATION REFORM

• INCREASED SUFFRAGE AND IMMIGRATION LED TO BELIEF IN NEED FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION

• HORACE MANN HELPED CREATE THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION IN MASSACHUSSETTS = MANDATORY

AP 3: think pair share

• Why is education so important in a democratic society?

WOMEN’S EDUCATION• WOMEN REFORMERS, SUCH AS CATHARINE BEECHER,

PUSHED FOR MORE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

THE EARLY WOMEN’S MOVEMENT

• DUE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION, LIFE BECAME DIVIDED INTO TWO HEMISPHERES : HOME AND WORKPLACE

• TRUE WOMENHOOD = IDEA THAT WOMEN SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DEVELOPING THEIR CHILDRENS CHARACTER AND CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES

WOMEN SEEK GREATER RIGHTS

• IF WOMEN MAKE THE HOME MORE VIRTUOUS, WHY CAN’T THEY MAKE THE WORLD MORE VIRTUOUS?

• IN 1848 LUCRETIA MOTT AND ELIZABETH CADY STANTON ORGANIZED THE SENECA FALLS CONVENTION.

• MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE ORGANIZED WOMEN’S MOVEMENT, TO INCLUDE SUFFRAGE

AP 4: talking heads

THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT

• IN THE EARLY AND MID-1800’S, SOME AMERICANS, MAINLY IN THE NORTH, EMBARKED ON A CRUSADE TO ABOLISH SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES.

• AS THE COUNTRY BECAME MORE POLARIZED ABOUT THE ISSUE, THE WORK OF ABOLITIONISTS CREATED CONTROVERSY AND SOMETIMES LED TO VIOLENCE.

Two Early Proposals

• Gradualism = gradually end slavery

• Colonization = “back to Africa”

• Abolitionism = destroy slavery immediately

Leaders of Abolition Movement

• William lloyd Garrison• “THE LIBERATOR”

(page 243) • Frederick Douglass

(page 245)• Sojourner Truth (246)• Text book for primary

source doc.

Northern Opposition

• Threat to existing social order

• Economy might crumble• Jobs would be

threatened

• THE SOUTH VIEWS NORTHERN ABOLITION AS HYPOCRITICAL DUE TO TREATMENT OF IMMIGRANT FACTORY WORKERS*pro slavery arguement

AP 5 Word Splash

ACTIVITY• In your groups, create a time line using the textbooks and

the internet on reform movements from the 1830’s to 1933.

• Step 1: identify the reform movements.

• Step 2: Identify key dates and specific events that reflect the accomplishments of reformers. (a minimum of 4 reform movements must included….at least 5 dates for each movement)

• Step 3: put these dates and short explanation of the key event on your time line.

• Step 4: create an illustration for each event that represents the accomplishment..

• *Must have at least 20 total dates

Learning Log• Today I learned………………….

• WHAT WAS THE BASIC MESSAGE OF THE 2ND GREAT AWAKENING?

• WHAT WERE SOME OF THE MAJOR AREAS OF REFORM IN THE MID-1800’S?

• HOW DID THE 2ND GREAT AWAKENING AFFECT THE REFORM MOVEMENTS OF THE 1800’S?

• WHAT PRINCIPLE WAS THE BASIS FOR THE DRIVE FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION?

• WHAT WERE TWO EARLY PROPOSALS FOR ENDING SLAVERY?

• WHICH INDIVIDUALS HELPED TO BUILD SUPPORT FOR ABOLITION, AND WHAT DID THEY DO TO GAIN SUPPORT?

• SUMMARIZE THE REASONS WHY MANY NORTHERNERS OPPOSED EXTREME ABOLITION