Unit 2: Engineering Design Process

Foundations of Technology

Lesson 3: Design Principles

Design Principles

ObjectivesStudents learn to:

• Identify the design principles used in a current design, collect data on the effectiveness of the design principles used, and propose a redesign using the design process.

• Use mathematical modeling aids in technological design by simulating how a proposed system might behave.

Objectives

• Explain how engineers, architects, and others who engage in design and technology use scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. They also usually have to take human values and limitations into account.

• Discuss the physical, biological, economic, political, social, ethical, and aesthetic constraints imposed upon a design.

Objectives

• Use symbolic algebra to represent and explain mathematical relationships.

• Use geometric ideas to solve problems in, and gain insights into, other disciplines and other areas of interest such as art and architecture.

Objectives

• Contribute to a group endeavor by offering useful ideas, supporting the efforts of others, and focusing on the task.

• Work safely and accurately with a variety of tools, machines, and materials.

• Actively participate in group discussions, ideation exercises, and debates.

Vocabulary

• Universal Design: a series of statements that focus on all engineered products and environments so that resources are usable by all people, without the need for modification.

• Equitable Use: the design is useful to people with diverse abilities.

• Flexibility in Use: the design meets a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.

Vocabulary

• Simple and Intuitive Use: the design is easy to understand and use.

• Perceptible Information: the design communicates necessary information to the user.

• Tolerance in Error: the design reduces hazards in use or accidental use.

Vocabulary

• Low Physical Effort: the design can be used efficiently and comfortably.

• Size and Space for Approach and Use: the design is appropriate for all users regardless of their body type.

• Balance: the product is visually equal (can be symmetrical or asymmetrical).

Vocabulary

• Contrast: a change in the product’s color or a value to distinguish the elements of the design.

• Center of Interest: the area that first attracts the user to the product.

• Directional Movement: the visual flow as the user manipulates the product.

Vocabulary

• Harmony: alignment of the product to the surrounding environment.

• Rhythm: the reoccurrence of elements within the product.

The Big Idea

Big Idea: • There are several factors that significantly

influence the design process.

Characterizing Design

Design is an essential action in engineering and is a primary component of product development.

Good design focuses on efficiency during product development and use by the consumer.

Design problems seldom arise in a clearly defined form.

Characterizing Design

Design is often driven by profit motive and the market.

Good design incorporates the principles of universal design and artistic design.

Principles of Universal Design

Universal design states that all engineered products and environments be usable by all people, without the need for modification.

This effort is focused on reducing the need for adaptation or specializing a product post-development.

Principles of Universal Design

There are seven factors in Universal Design:

1. Equitable Use: the design is useful to people with diverse abilities.

2. Flexibility in Use: the design meets a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.

3. Simple and Intuitive Use: the design is easy to understand and use.

Principles of Universal Design

There are seven factors in Universal Design:

4. Perceptible Information: the design communicates necessary information to the user.

5. Tolerance in Error: the design reduces hazards in use or accidental use.

Principles of Universal Design

There are seven factors in Universal Design:

6. Low Physical Effort: the design can be used efficiently and comfortably.

7. Size and Space for Approach and Use: the design is appropriate for all users regardless of their body type.

Artistic Design in Engineering

For products to be successful, they must be visually appealing.

The basic principles of design used to create art are often applied when developing a product.

Five Basic Elements of Design

1. Harmony: balance and coherence in the way things are put together.

2. Contrast: difference and opposition for separation and attention.

3. Proportions: the balance between size and shap.

Five Basic Elements of Design

4. Rhythm: consistency, movement, flow pattern and shape.

5. Unity: it comes together and fits for the same purpoase