unit 1 founding fathers texas thinks you should know

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Unit 1 Unit 1 Founding Fathers Founding Fathers Texas Thinks you Texas Thinks you should know should know

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Page 1: Unit 1 Founding Fathers Texas Thinks you should know

Unit 1Unit 1Founding FathersFounding FathersTexas Thinks you Texas Thinks you

should knowshould know

Page 2: Unit 1 Founding Fathers Texas Thinks you should know

Terms to KnowTerms to Know Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution Bill of RightsBill of Rights LibertyLiberty EgalitarianismEgalitarianism IndividualismIndividualism PopulismPopulism Laissez-faireLaissez-faire E Pluribus UnumE Pluribus Unum

Page 3: Unit 1 Founding Fathers Texas Thinks you should know

17761776 17761776- The Second Continental Congress moved that - The Second Continental Congress moved that

“These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, “These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states. . .” free and independent states. . .”

A committee was appointed to draft a document A committee was appointed to draft a document stating the colonies asked for protection of the stating the colonies asked for protection of the ““unalienable rightsunalienable rights” of humankind in addition to ” of humankind in addition to British rights, and listed British actions which British rights, and listed British actions which prompted the quest for independence. prompted the quest for independence.

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson drafted the document. drafted the document. Congress adopted the motion of independence on July Congress adopted the motion of independence on July

2, and on 2, and on July 4July 4, fifty-six representatives from the , fifty-six representatives from the thirteen original colonies unanimously approved the thirteen original colonies unanimously approved the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence..

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Early American Laptop – Thomas Jefferson’s Writing Desk

Page 5: Unit 1 Founding Fathers Texas Thinks you should know

Founding FathersFounding Fathers Benjamin RushBenjamin Rush- - (1745-1813) (1745-1813) Physician, writer, educator, and humanitarian born in Physician, writer, educator, and humanitarian born in

Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Active in the Active in the Sons of LibertySons of Liberty in Pennsylvania during 1773. in Pennsylvania during 1773. In June of 1776 he was appointed to represent Philadelphia In June of 1776 he was appointed to represent Philadelphia

at the at the Second Continental Congress Second Continental Congress and signed the and signed the Declaration of Independence. Declaration of Independence.

In 1777 he was appointed surgeon-general of the middle In 1777 he was appointed surgeon-general of the middle department of the Continental Army. department of the Continental Army.

In favor of adopting the Federal constitution and was elected In favor of adopting the Federal constitution and was elected to the Pennsylvania convention which adopted that to the Pennsylvania convention which adopted that constitution. constitution.

Appointed treasurer of the US Mint where he served from Appointed treasurer of the US Mint where he served from 1797 to 1813. 1797 to 1813.

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Charles CarrollCharles Carroll (1737-1832) (1737-1832) He anonymously protested the right of the He anonymously protested the right of the

British government to tax the colonies without British government to tax the colonies without representation in newspapers in Maryland. representation in newspapers in Maryland.

He visited the He visited the Continental Congress Continental Congress in 1776, in 1776, and was enlisted in a diplomatic mission to and was enlisted in a diplomatic mission to Canada, along with Ben Franklin and Samuel Canada, along with Ben Franklin and Samuel Chase to ask Canada to be a 14Chase to ask Canada to be a 14thth colony. colony.

Carroll was elected to represent Maryland on Carroll was elected to represent Maryland on July 4July 4thth and was too late to vote for the and was too late to vote for the Declaration but he did sign it. Declaration but he did sign it.

CatholicCatholic He died the last survivor of the signers of the He died the last survivor of the signers of the

Declaration, in 1832 at the age of 95.Declaration, in 1832 at the age of 95.

Page 7: Unit 1 Founding Fathers Texas Thinks you should know

John HancockJohn Hancock (1737-1793)(1737-1793) One of the wealthiest men in the One of the wealthiest men in the

colonies.colonies. Elected to the Boston Assembly in Elected to the Boston Assembly in

1766, and was a member of the 1766, and was a member of the Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress. .

In 1774, he was elected to the In 1774, he was elected to the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts Provincial Congress of Massachusetts and simultaneously to the and simultaneously to the Continental Continental CongressCongress and was president of the and was president of the Continental Congress.Continental Congress.

First to sign First to sign Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence..

Elected to the Governorship of Elected to the Governorship of Massachusetts where he served for Massachusetts where he served for five years, declined reelection, and five years, declined reelection, and was again elected in 1787 and served was again elected in 1787 and served as governor until his death in 1793.as governor until his death in 1793.

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John JayJohn Jay (1745-1829) (1745-1829) In September of 1774 he attended the In September of 1774 he attended the First Continental First Continental

Congress Congress as the second youngest member, at age twenty eight. as the second youngest member, at age twenty eight. He retired from the Congress in 1776 rather than sign the He retired from the Congress in 1776 rather than sign the

Declaration of Independence. Declaration of Independence. In 1782 Jay, along with Adams, Franklin, and Laurens signed the In 1782 Jay, along with Adams, Franklin, and Laurens signed the

treaty of peace with Great Britain. When he returned to treaty of peace with Great Britain. When he returned to Congress, he was appointed Congress, he was appointed Secretary of Foreign AffairsSecretary of Foreign Affairs. .

In 1787 he along with James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton In 1787 he along with James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton authored three of the articles now called authored three of the articles now called The Federalist The Federalist in in support of the ratification of the new Federal Constitution. support of the ratification of the new Federal Constitution.

In 1789, Washington appointed him In 1789, Washington appointed him Chief Justice to the Chief Justice to the Supreme Court Supreme Court under the new federal constitution. under the new federal constitution.

In 1794 he was appointed to Great Britain, in order to seek a In 1794 he was appointed to Great Britain, in order to seek a resolution to conflicts on the western border and in commercial resolution to conflicts on the western border and in commercial relations. This was the relations. This was the Jay TreatyJay Treaty..

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John Peter MuhlenbergJohn Peter Muhlenberg (1746-1807) (1746-1807) During the Revolutionary War he raised and commanded the During the Revolutionary War he raised and commanded the

Eighth Virginia (German) Regiment and was brevetted major Eighth Virginia (German) Regiment and was brevetted major general in 1783. general in 1783.

He returned to Pennsylvania and was elected to the First He returned to Pennsylvania and was elected to the First Congress Congress

He was elected to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, He was elected to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, 1801 until his resignation on June 30, 1801. 1801 until his resignation on June 30, 1801.

He was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson supervisor of He was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson supervisor of revenue for Pennsylvania in 1801 and collector of customs at revenue for Pennsylvania in 1801 and collector of customs at Philadelphia in 1802 where he served until his death in Philadelphia in 1802 where he served until his death in October 1807.October 1807.

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John WitherspoonJohn Witherspoon (1723-1794)(1723-1794) In 1776 he was elected to the In 1776 he was elected to the

Continental Congress in time to vote in Continental Congress in time to vote in favor for the Declaration of favor for the Declaration of Independence. Independence.

His notable comment in reply to another His notable comment in reply to another member who argued that the country member who argued that the country was not ripe for such a declaration was was not ripe for such a declaration was that in his opinion, “was not only ripe for that in his opinion, “was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it.” the want of it.”

Witherspoon was a very active member Witherspoon was a very active member of congress, serving on more than a of congress, serving on more than a hundred committees through his tenure hundred committees through his tenure and debating frequently on the floor. and debating frequently on the floor.

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Jonathan Trumbull Sr.Jonathan Trumbull Sr. (1710-1785) (1710-1785) Served as governor of Served as governor of

Connecticut in both a pre-Connecticut in both a pre-Revolutionary colony and a post-Revolutionary colony and a post-Revolutionary state. Revolutionary state.

Friend and advisor of General Friend and advisor of General Washington Washington

He was the only colonial governor He was the only colonial governor to continue office through the to continue office through the American Revolution. American Revolution.

He is the father of John Trumbull He is the father of John Trumbull (1756-1843) who is known as the (1756-1843) who is known as the “Painter of the American “Painter of the American Revolution”.Revolution”.

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Alexis de TocquevilleAlexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) A French political (1805-1859) A French political

thinker and historianthinker and historian Wrote Wrote Democracy in AmericaDemocracy in America which which

dealt with issues like religion, the dealt with issues like religion, the press, money, class structure, press, money, class structure, racism, the role of government, the racism, the role of government, the judicial system, etc. judicial system, etc.

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Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton Not one of the dead Not one of the dead

Founding Fathers Founding Fathers Texas wants you to Texas wants you to knowknow

Served in the American Served in the American RevolutionRevolution

Youngest to sign Youngest to sign ConstitutionConstitution

11stst US Secretary of the US Secretary of the TreasuryTreasury

Died in a duel, shot by Died in a duel, shot by Aaron Burr (hate him)Aaron Burr (hate him)

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Articles of ConfederationArticles of ConfederationSecond Continental Second Continental

Congress 1781Congress 1781Weaknesses of the Articles were:Weaknesses of the Articles were:

Congress could not enact and collect taxes.Congress could not enact and collect taxes. Each state only had one vote in Congress Each state only had one vote in Congress

regardless of population.regardless of population. 9 out of 13 states needed to agree to pass 9 out of 13 states needed to agree to pass

laws.laws. All states had to approve in order for laws to All states had to approve in order for laws to

be amended.be amended. NO executive branch, NO judicial branchNO executive branch, NO judicial branch Each state (13 colonies) had own laws, Each state (13 colonies) had own laws,

currency, etc. They lacked national unity.currency, etc. They lacked national unity.

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Constitutional Constitutional Convention 1787Convention 1787

55 delegates 55 delegates met in Philadelphia. met in Philadelphia. All the states were there except Rhode Island.All the states were there except Rhode Island. They met in secret. They met in secret. Oldest delegate was Ben Franklin, the best Oldest delegate was Ben Franklin, the best

looking was Alexander Hamilton.looking was Alexander Hamilton. September 17, 1787, they wrote a new September 17, 1787, they wrote a new

constitution.constitution. BIGGEST PROBLEM: SMALL STATES VS BIGGEST PROBLEM: SMALL STATES VS

LARGE STATESLARGE STATES.. James Madison-James Madison- “Father of the Constitution”“Father of the Constitution” Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion proved the Articles of proved the Articles of

Confederation were ineffective.Confederation were ineffective.

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Key Conflicts in the Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention:Constitutional Convention:

Strong Central Government vs. Strong Strong Central Government vs. Strong StatesStates

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances Federalists vs. Anti FederalistsFederalists vs. Anti Federalists

Federalists-Federalists- supporters of the Constitution supporters of the Constitution Anti-federalists-Anti-federalists-opponents of the opponents of the

ConstitutionConstitution Ratification- Ratification- to approve the Constitutionto approve the Constitution Bill of Rights- Bill of Rights- First 10 AmendmentsFirst 10 Amendments

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Roger Sherman Great Roger Sherman Great CompromiseCompromise

The government would have two The government would have two houses bicameral.houses bicameral.

The Senate and House of The Senate and House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

But every state would only have two But every state would only have two senators. senators.

Every state would allow Every state would allow representation based on population.representation based on population.

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3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise

For every 5 blacks slaves---three For every 5 blacks slaves---three would be counted as part of the would be counted as part of the population.population.

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FEDERALISMFEDERALISM

Power is divided between the Power is divided between the national government (F) and the national government (F) and the state government. (S)state government. (S)

Separation of Power-3 branchesSeparation of Power-3 branches LegislatureLegislature ExecutiveExecutive JudicialJudicial

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

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US Constitution signed – US Constitution signed – September 17, 1787September 17, 1787

US Constitution is in 3 US Constitution is in 3 parts:parts:

1.1. PreamblePreamble- Introduction- Introduction

2.2. Articles Articles (7)(7)

3.3. Bill of Rights Bill of Rights ( 1( 1stst 10)- 10)- 17911791 AmendmentsAmendments (27) (27)

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PreamblePreamble

““We the People of the United States, We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” United States of America.”

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Articles of the Articles of the ConstitutionConstitution

There are 7 Articles to the Constitution.There are 7 Articles to the Constitution. Article 1- LegislatureArticle 1- Legislature Article 2 ExecutiveArticle 2 Executive Article 3 JudicialArticle 3 Judicial Article 4-Relations Between the States Article 4-Relations Between the States Article 5- Amendment Process Article 5- Amendment Process Article 6- Supremacy of the Constitution Article 6- Supremacy of the Constitution Article 7- RatificationArticle 7- Ratification

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Unit 1 Study Guide 10 matching

18 multiple choice Matching:

Declaration of Independence

Constitution Bill of Rights Charles Carroll John Witherspoon Benjamin Rush

Multiple Choice: Constitution Articles of

Confederation Separation of Power Checks and Balances Declaration of

Independence Bill of Rights Alexis de Tocqueville John Jay Popular Sovereignty