union wages and hours in the baking industry, · report, plant-maintenance workers, as well as...

U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O RFrances Perkins, Secretary

B U R EAU OF LABO R STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave)A . F . Hinrichs, Acting Commissioner

Union Wages and Hours in the Baking Industry,June 1, 1942

[R eprinted from the M o n th ly Labor R e v ie w , February 1943, w ith additional data]

U N ITED STATES

G O VER N M EN T PR IN TIN G OFFICE

W ASH IN G TO N : 1943

Bulletin 7v£o. 735

For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U . S. Governm ent Printing Office Washington, D . C. ~ Price 10 cents

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

CONTENTSP m

Summary________________________________________________________________ 1Scope and method of the study___________________________________________ 1Average hourly rates_____________________________________________________ 2Changes in hourly wage rates, 1941 to 1942_______________________________ 4Weekly hours____________________________________________________________ 5Overtime________________________________________________________________ 6Average rates by city____________________________________________________ 7Wages and hours in each city_____________________________________________ 9

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

U n it e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s ,

Washington, D. C., March SO, 1943.The S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r :

I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual report on union wages and hours in the Baking Industry as of June 1, 1942.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics has made surveys of union wage rates and hours in the Baking Trades each year since 1907. In the earlier surveys 39 cities were visited. The present study includes rate quotations from 62 of the 75 cities visited in 1942.

This bulletin was prepared in the Industrial Relations Division under the supervision of Florence Peterson, Chief. Kerm it B . M ohn was in charge of the field work. The final report was prepared by Donald H . Gerrish and Annette V . Simi.

A . F . H in r x c h s ,Acting Commissioner of Labor Statistici .

Hon. F r a n c e s P e r k in s ,Secretary of Labor.

n


Bulletin 7S[o. 735 o f the

United States Bureau o f Labor Statistics[Reprinted from the M onthly L abor R eview , February 1943, with additional data]

UNION WAGES AND HOURS IN THE BAKING INDUSTRY, JUNE 1,1942

Summary

T H E average hourly rate for union members in the baking industry on June 1, 1942, was 81.9 cents. Two^thirds of the union members had rates between 40 and 90 cents; almost one-third had rates between 70 and 90 cents; and over one-fifth had scales of $1.00 or more. Organized workers in Hebrew bakeries received the highest hourly rate on the average ($1,340), while those in the pie and pastry branch had the lowest average rate ($0,602).

Based on comparable quotations for both June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1942, the general level of wages advanced 9.6 percent. Bread and cake machine shops, with an increase of 10.6 percent, reported the greatest change in the industry. Exactly 93.0 percent of the union members received increases in rates during this period.

The 40-hour week was predominant in the industry, 72.7 percent of the union members being covered by such a provision. The remaining workers were covered by 16 other workweek schedules ranging from 28 to 54 hours. Overtime was practically always paid for at time and a half, with over 87 percent of the members subject to this premium scale.

Scope and Method of Study

This study is one of a series of annual surveys begun in 1907, covering union scales in various trades in selected cities of the United States. The number of cities included has been gradually increased from 39 to 75. These cities are in 40 States and the District of Columbia. Effective union agreements providing wage and hour scales for bakery workers were reported in 62 of the 75 cities in 1942. The current survey included 3,450 quotations of scales covering 62,098 union members. All the data were effective as of June 1, 1942.

Averages— The averages and percentages of change given in this report are weighted according to the number of union members covered by each scale. The resulting aggregates (rates multiplied by membership) were added and their sum was divided by the total number of members used in the weighting. The average thus reflects not only the actual scales of wages and hours provided in union agreements, but also the number of members benefiting from these scales. A weighted average of this kind is obviously more realistic than a simple average of specific rates. In the latter case, a wage rate covering one or two members would be given the same importance as a rate covering several dozen members.

1


2 UNION WAGES AND HOURS

The percent of change from Jl----- ' it is the ratio between

unions and occupational classifications in both years. The weights in both of the aggregates used in each year-to-year comparison were the membership figures reported in the second year.

Changes in coverage.— Prior to 1939 only union members engaged principally in bread baking were included. In the 1939 and 1940 surveys, all types of baking covered by union agreements have been included, and all occupations except deliverymen. In the current report, plant-maintenance workers, as well as deliverymen, are excluded from the tabulations.

As in the 1941 survey, the data are classified according to the various types of baking. Separate figures are shown for hand shops, machine shops, Hebrew baking, other specialized baking, pie and pastry shops, and cracker and cookie shops. Other specialized shops include those baking French, Polish, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, and Italian products.

The average hourly rate for union members in the baking industry was $0,819 on June 1, 1942 (table 1). Actual rates ranged between $0,266 for helpers in Latin hand shops in Tampa to $1,714 for machine- shop first hands in Hebrew bakeries in New York City. Nine percent of all union bakery workers had wage rates of less than 50 cents; almost 28 percent had rates between 50 and 70 cents; about 30 percent had rates between 70 and 90 cents; and 12 percent between 90 cents and $ 1.00. Over one-fifth were covered by scales of $ 1.00 or more.

Wages in hand shops making ordinary bread and cake averaged $0,952 per hour, while ip machine shops the average was $0,772 per hour. About 60 percent of the union members working in hand shops had rates between $0.80 and $1.10 per hour compared to 36 percent in machine baking; 56.5 percent of the latter had rates under 80 cents as compared to only 23 percent in hand baking.

Union members in Hebrew shops had the highest wage rates, on the average, in the baking industry. Members in this specialized

.branch averaged $1.34 per hour, with over three-fourths of them having rates of $1.20 or more and only 9 percent rates of less than $1.00 per hour. The greater proportion of the organized bakery workers in this branch were in such metropolitan centers as New York City, Newark, and Los Angeles.

Union rates in other specialized bakeries, such as Italian, Polish, French, Scandinavian, Bohemian, and Spanish, averaged $0,925 per hour, with almost half of the members haying hourly scales of $1.00 or over. These specialized types of bakeries were found, usually, in the largest cities only.

The cracker and cookie and the pie and pastry branches of the industry included the lowest-paid workers, on the average, having average hourly rates of $0,616 and $0,602, respectively. Over two-thirds of the union members in the cracker and cookie and the pie and pastry shops had wage rates between 40 and 70 cents per hour. The large differences in wage rates between these branches and the rest of the industry are attributable, in the main, to the factors of sex and skill. Women are employed extensively in cracker, cookie, pie, and pastry

similar aggregates computed quoted for identical

Average H ourly Rates


PERCENT OF MEMBERSHIP

20 I-------

DISTRIBUTION OF MEMBERS IN UNION BAKERIES BY HOURLY WAGE RATES

JUNE 1,1942 PERCENT OF MEMBERSHIP------ 1 20

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OP LABOR HOURLY WAGE RATEatIBCAII AC I A BAB C T A T ie tire ' ^

15

10

5

0

00

BAKIN

G IN

DU

STRY



shops where the need for skill is not nearly so great, as the shops, especially those making crackers and cookies, are highly mechanized.

Because of the dissimilarities in occupational designations and duties, no distribution based on particular occupations is possible. However, mixers and ovenmen generally had the highest rates specified in each agreement, while the lower scales applied to members in the auxiliary and less skilled occupations, such as pan greasers, checkers, wrappers, slicers, and general helpers.

T able 1.— Distribution o f Union Members in the Bakery Trades by H ourly Wage Rates,June I, 1942

Averagerateper

hour

Percent of union members whose rates (in cents) per hour were—

Type of baking Under40

40andunder50

50andunder60

60andunder70

70andunder80

80andunder90

90andunder100

100andunder110

110andunder120

120andunder130

130andunder140

140andunder150

150andunder160

160andover

All baking................................... $0,819 1.1 7.9 15.4 12.2 14.7 15.4 12.0 7.2 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 1.6 1.5Ordinary bread and cake, hand.. .952 .1 1.2 5.2 6.4 10.0 17.8 25.9 15.5 7.2 .7 1.9 2.5 1.9 3~7Ordinary bread and cake, ma

chine........................................ .772 .3 7.5 14.9 14.0 19.8 18.9 12.1 4.9 2.2 3.1 2.0 .2 .1Pie and pastry..................- ......... .602 2.3 32.9 27.4 9.6 8.3 10.5 2.6 4.7 1.4 .3 __ __ __Cracker and cookie______ _____ .616 5.6 15.4 34.4 18.8 8.8 9.7 5.7 1.4 .2Hebrew baking.......................... 1.340 .3 .1 .3 .8 1.2 3.6 2.7 11.1 2.7 16.3 12.4 25.9 16.5 "ii’ iOther specialized baking1........... .925 .7 1.8 8.4 7.4 12.7 5.6 13.6 27.5 13.2 7.2 1.9 — — .......

i French, Polish, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, etc.

Changes in H ourly Wage Rates, 1941 to 1942

M ost of the union members in the bakery trades received hourly wage increases during the year ending June 1, 1942 (table 2). About 89 percent of the quotations, including 93 percent of the total union members, showed increases. These increases raised the general level of union wages in the baking industry by 9.6 percent during the period June 1, 1941, to June 1, 1942, as compared with a 3.3-percent rise for the previous year.

Union members in the ordinary bread and cake machine shops were most successful in obtaining increases, over 97 percent benefiting by advances in rates. Hebrew bakeries ranked second, with 92.2 percent

T able 2.— Number o f Changes in Union Wage-Rate Quotations and Percent o f Members Affected , June I, 1942, Compared ivith June I, 1941

Type of bakingNumber of comparable Quotations

Number of quotations showing—

Percent of union members affected by—

Increase Decrease Nochange Increase Decrease No

change

All baking __________________ 2,671 2,384 287 93.0 7.0Ordinary bread and cake, hand. Ordinary bread and cake, ma

chine268

1,665 91

445 106 96

2421,547

683808661

2611823652035

89.697.483.3 80.0 92.277.4

10.42.6

16.720.07.8

22.6

Pie and pastry______________Cracker and cookie _Hebrew baking_____________Other specialized baking l _ _

* French, Polish, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, etc.


BAKING INDUSTRY 5of their members receiving increases, which is in marked contrast to the 15.8 percent who received raises the previous year. Almost 90 percent of the members in hand shops, 83 percent in the pie and pastry shops, 80 percent in the cracker and cookie shops, and 77 percent in specialized bakeries other than Hebrew were recipients of higher rates.

Table 3 shows that over two-thirds of the union members received increases of between 5 and 15 percent; 17.1 percent of the total union membership received increases over 15 percent; while only 8.5 percent received increases of less than 5 percent.

T able 3.— Number o f Increases in Union Wage-Rate Quotations, and Percent o f Members Affected , by Percent o f Increase, June I, 1942, Compared with June I, 1941

Type of baking

Number of quotations showing increases of—

Percent of total members affected by increases of—

Lessthan

5percent

5andunder10

percent

10andunder15

percent

15andunder20

percent

20andunder25

percent

25andunder30

percent

30percentandover

Lessthan

5percent

5andunder10

percent

10andunder15

percent

15andunder20

percent

20andunder25

percent

25andunder30

percent

30percentandover

All baking......................... 149 908 849 255 104 51 68 8.5 32.2 35.2 13.2 2.1 0.9 0.9Ordinary bread and cake,

hand.............................. 24 88 88 20 8 4 10 17.5 16.9 40.9 10.8 1.4 .3 1.8Ordinary bread and cake,

machine................ ......... 80 614 568 142 61 £6 46 5.3 35.4 37.8 14.6 2.3 1.1 .9Pie and pastry.................. 7 34 12 6 3 2 4 4.1 40.1 19.5 11.0 6.1 1.4 1.1Cracker and cookie........... 17 130 123 67 29 6 8 2.3 30.0 27.8 16.3 2.7 .7 .2Hebrew baking_________ 16 28 28 11 3 27.1 44.7; i7.2 2.9 .3Other specialized baking 5 14 30 9 3 ....... 1.1 11.8 44.3 17.4 2.8

French, Polish, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, etc.

W eekly Hours

The 40-hour week was most prevalent in union agreements in the baking industry as a whole, although a longer week than 40 hours prevailed in the hand shops and the specialized bakeries. Nearly 73 percent of the organized workers were reported as covered by a regular workweek of 40 hours. The remaining 27 percent of the union members were scattered among 16 other straight-time weekly work periods. About 10 percent of the total had a week of 48 hours and over (table 4). The number of the agreements providing workweeks of less than 40 hours was occasioned, primarily, by share-the-work plans; these plans were most prevalent in Hebrew bakeries. The 36-hour week was fairly common in the machine bake shops on the Pacific Coast.

The 40-hour week was almost universal in unionized cracker and cookie bakeries, less than 1 percent of the members having a longer workweek. Machine shops making ordinary bread and cake operated on the 40-hour week in a majority of the cases, with 90 percent of the union members employed on this basis. In the hand shops almost 78 percent of the union members were covered by workweeks of more than 40 hours; over 46 percent had a normal workweek of 48 hours. Almost three-fifths of the union members in specialized bakeries, other than Hebrew shops, were covered by a workweek of 48 hours or more. In contrast, almost 42 percent of the members working in Hebrew bakeries had workweeks of less than 40 hours, mainly as a result of share-the-work plans.



Weighting the various weekly working schedules by the union membership covered by each resulted in an average maximum workweek in the baking industry of 40.9 hours. Only the average for Hebrew bakeries was lower (39.2), while the average for hand shops making ordinary bread and cake was the highest (44.9).

T able 4.— Distribution o f Union Members in the Bakery Trades by Hours p er W eek,June I, 1942

Weekly hours Allbaking

Ordinarybreadand

cake,handshops

Ordinarybreadand

cake,machine

shops

Pie and pastry

Crackerand

cookieHebrewbaking

Otherspecial

izedbaking

Avaraga wpplrly hours 40.9 44.9 40.1 41.3 40.0 39.2 44.8

28 hours___________________

Percent of members with specified hours per week

0.81.8.2.5

1.3.8.9.3

72.73.2

(’)1.54.5 1.1 9.8

(’) .6

10.622.930 hours...................................

32 hours . _ 4.111.935 hours___________________ 0.1

2.336 hours___________________37£4 hours _ . . . . . . . 8.2 3.938 hours_______________ ____ 1.639 hours___________________ 6.3

8.24.9

40 hours _ _ 22.212.5

90.02.3

81.42.4.3.6

99.5 9.942 hours42J4 hours__________________44 hours___________________ 3.8

15.31.6 .5 .1

30.7.7

16.945 hours___________________ .947 hours 1.9

.20)

48 hours __________________ 46.2 15.3 44.550 hours___________________54 hours.................................... 15.3

1 French, Polish, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, etc.2 Less than a tenth of 1 percent.

The average workweek decreased by 0.1 percent during the period June 1, 1941, to June 1, 1942. Of the 2,671 comparable quotations, 58 indicated a reduced working schedule affecting 1.6 percent of the union members (table 5). Slightly more than 0.2 percent of the quotations, including 1.2 percent of the total ui ion members, indicated a lengthened workweek.

T able 5.— Number o f Changes in Union H our Quotations and Percent o f Members Affected , June 1 ,1942, Compared with June 1,1941

Type of bakingNumber of comparable quotations

Number of quotations showing—

Percent of union members affected by—

Increase Decrease Nochange Increase Decrease No

change

All baking................................Ordinary bread and cake, hand. Ordinary bread and cake, ma

chine...... ...............................Pie and pastry __

2,671 6 58 2,607 1.2 1.6 97.2268

1,66591

44510696

51

2033

2481,627

90 445 101 96

1.83.5

2.41.6

97.696.696.5

100.097.6

100.0Oranlrar and nnnlriaHebrew baking....... .................Other specialized baking1........

5 2.4

2 French, Polish, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, etc.


BAKING INDUSTRY 7

Overtime

Practically all (96 percent) of the bakery agreements indicated a penalty rate of time and a half for overtime (table 6). More than 87 percent of the union members were covered by this provision. Other penalty rates covered 4.9 percent of the members, while for 7.5 percent of the members no penalty rate was specified.

M ost of the members receiving straight time for overtime worked in Hebrew bakeries where share-the-work plans were in operation. In these cases overtime on a penalty basis was not generally allowed until the hours stipulated in the agreement were worked, rather than those hours called “ normal” under the share-the-work adjustment.

Generally any overtime work was discouraged and frequently a limit was set upon the amount of overtime permitted. M any of the agreements, however, in recognition of the fact that the demand for bakery products is not uniform throughout the week, specified that the overtime rate should apply only on the basis of weekly hours and not on the basis of any one Shift. Others achieved the same result by specifying longer regular shifts on certain days than on others. N ot infrequently a tolerance was provided whereby a limited amount of overtime could be worked without payment of any penalty rate. This tolerance generally was not over 2 hours in any week.

T able 6.— Overtime Rates Provided in Union Bakery Agreem ents, June 2, 1942

Type of baking

Number of quotations showing initial overtime rates of-

Percent having rates of

of union initial

membersovertime

Time and one-half

No penalty rates

specified

Otherpenalty

ratesTime and one-half

No penalty rates

specified

Otherpenalty

rates

All baking__________________________ 3,313 88 49 87.6 7.5 4.9Ordinary bread and cake, hand_________ 268 25 6 84.3 12.6 3.1Ordinary bread and cake, machine______ 1,977 18 18 94.9 1.6 3.5Pip. and pastry. . _ _ __ 121 8 98.4 1.6Hreplrfir and annkia 776 100.0Hebrew baking______________________ 72 27 14 20.7 54.6 24.7Other specialized baking1_____________ 99 10 11 77.4 11.6 11.0

i French. Polish. Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, etc.

Average Rates by City

Table 7 shows the average hourly rate for organized bakery workers in each city, grouped according to the type of baking. These averages were computed by weighting each rate by the number of union members covered by it and then dividing the total aggregates so obtained by the total number of union members in the city. In using this table one should bear in mind the fact that it is possible for average rates to vary inversely with the degree of organization. If the union has organized all of the occupations and workers in a city its average rate will probably be lower than that of a union that has organized only the more skilled groups. However, the latter condition is rapidly disappearing, as the unions are organizing more of the unskilled workers each year. In several cities it was impossible

520548°—43-----2



to separate the members in hand and machine shops for the purpose of computing an average. In these cases, all were tabulated under that type of baking which included the greater number of members.

Portland, Oreg., had the highest average rate in hand shops making ordinary bread and cake— $1.135— followed closely by New York with a rate of $1,130, while San Francisco ($1,063) was third in line. Rochester ($0,980) and Cincinnati ($0,979) also had rates above the average ($0,952) for all cities in this group. Washington, D . C ., had the highest rate in the machine branch ($1,070), followed by Portland, Oreg. ($1,054). San Francisco, Seattle, and Spokane also had average rates of over $1.00. The cities on the Pacific coast tended to have higher scales as well as shorter workweeks.

In the Hebrew-bakery classification, the highest average hourly rate prevailed in New York ($1.420), followed by Los Angeles ($1,410) and Newark ($1,374). Among other specialized bakeries, San Francisco headed the list with $1,084; Buffalo was second with $1,041. Chicago and Detroit also had rates over $1.00.

Duluth had the highest average in cracker and cookie bakeries ($0,751). New York and Detroit followed with averages of $0,728 and $0,694. ' Rock Island district topped all other cities in the pie and pastry field, with the high average of $0,900; and New York was second, with $0,839.

T able 7.— Average H ourly Rates fo r Union Bakery Workers in Each City, by Type o fBaking, June I, 1942

City and type of bakingAveragehourly

rateCity and type of baking

Averagehourly

rate

Ordinary bread and cake—Hand shops:Portland, Oreg $1.135

1.130Ordinary bread and cake—Machine shops:

Washington, D. C $1,0701.054New York, N. V Portland, Oreg

San Francisco, Calif 1.063 San Francisco, Calif 1.038Rochester, Y . _ _.. r _ .980 Seattle, Wash *1.009Cinp.inna.ti, Ohio _ .979 Spokane, Wash .___ ____ *1.006Averaqe. far all aitiea . . . .. .... .962 Denver, Colo .983Chicago, Til _____ .945 Butte, Mont. ____ ___ _ r .973Newark, N. J . . . . . . . . _ __ .897 Los Angeles, Calif .952St. Lonis, Mo ....___ _ ..... ._ .873 Oklahoma City, Okla _..... .904Springfield, Mass .872 Madison, Wis__ .854New Haven, Conn .864 Dnlnth, Minn __ . . . . .833Cleveland, Ohio. .852 Houston, Tex . ___ .__ .831Duluth, Minn ____________ ____ .846 New York, N. Y .809Denver, Colo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .837 Newark, N. J .804Buffalo, N. Y 1.804 Rochester, N_ Y .792Toledo, Ohio ____ ____ _ . _ .794 Phoenix. Ariz_______________ ___ .788Houston, Tex .786 St. Louis. Mo _____________ .782South Bend, Ind_ __ _ _ .781 Kansas City, Mo. . _ ___ .778St. Paul, Minn............... ................. .777 Peoria, TU .778Youngstown, Ohio _._ .774 Detroit, Mich .772Phoenix, Ariz ___ _ _ .747 Average far all cities .772Peoria, 111..................................... .... .745 Wichita, Kans .770Manchester, N. H........................... .729 Des Moines, Iowa. __ _ _ _ __ _ .768New Orleans, La.............................. .724 Pittsburgh, Pa.......................... ...... .768Des Moines, Towa ... _ _ _. . .720 Rock Island (111.) district _ _ _ .768Providence, R. T _ ____. . .719 Cincinnati, Ohio __ _ .764Minneapolis, Minn .706 Youngstown, Ohio______________ .763Salt Lake City, Utah____________ .699 Salt Lake City, Utah .762Rock Island (111.) district *............... .697 Milwaukee, Wis .. , ___ , „ .757Milwaukee, Wis_ _ ___ ______ .690 Memphis, Tenn _ _ _____ .756Dallas. Tex ___ _____ _ .667 Reading, Pa________ !_____ _ .750Boston, Mass. _ .... _ . .627 Worcester, Mass ________ .749Scranton, Pa _ _ _ _ r „ _. . .623 Providence, R. I____ _____ .735Tampa, Fla........... ............. ............ .614 St. Paul. Minn .733Pittsburgh, Pa _ ____ _ .605 Springfield, Mass _ _ .720Indianapolis, Ind____________ . .. .517 Cleveland, Ohio .719Birmingham, Ala..........................— .508 Minneapolis, Minn.......... .... ....... . .710

See footnotes at end of table*


BAKING INDUSTRY 9T able 7.— Average H ourly Rates fo r Union Bakery Workers in Each City, by Type o f

Baking, June 1, 1942—Continued

City and type of bakingAveragehourly

rateCity and type of baking

Averagehourly

rate

Ordinary bread and cake—Machine shops—Continued.

Cracker and cookie—Continued.Memphis, Tenn.......................... . $0.634

$0,709.706

Philadelphia, Pa.............................. .630Seattle, Wash_____ _____________ .627

.705 Buffalo, N. Y._............................... .620

.704 Average for all cities______________ .616

.696 Spokane, Wash_________________ .613

.694 Los Angeles, Calif............................ .607

.693 Chicago, 111...............- ..................... .589

.679 Minneapolis, Minn______________ .578Buffalo, N. Y ............... .678 Portland, Oreg................................. .553

.671 Denver, Colo___________________ .481

.658 St. Paul Minn................................ .463

.652 Wichita, Kans........................... ...... .453

.650 Birmingham, Ala..................... ....... .433

.641 Nashville, Tenn______ _____ ____ .391

.638 Scranton, Pa___________________ .389Scranton, Pa................................... .620 Hebrew baking:

1.420New TTevan Onrm .619 New York, N. Y..............................BlYrninghe/m, Ala .610 Los Angeles, Calif............................ 1.410Atlanta, Oa .609 Newark, N. J____ ______________ 1.374Tampa, Fla .606 Average for all cities______________ 1.840Charlotte, N". C .586 Boston, Mass................................... 1.332laolrsonvillA Rip. .582 Detroit, Mich__________________ 1.290Ririghamt.nn, NT, Y .548 Chicago, 111...................................... 1.233Richmond, Va .537 Cleveland, Ohio............................... 1.198"Mash villa, Tenn .474 Rochester, N. Y............ ................. 1.189

Pie and pastry: Philadelphia, Pa..............................Baltimore, Md__________________

1.172Roolr Tslnnd (TIT 1 district i * 3 .900 1.143bTow Vorlr M V .839 Pittsburgh, Pa................................. 1.132Pt T<(vnis "Mo .807 Providence, R. I____ ___________ 1.094Boston Maps .727 Springfield, Mass______ _________ 1.075Average fnT (01 ciftAS .602 Worcester. Mass________________ 1.073Toledo oh|o .574 Denver, Colo........................... ....... 1.066Dulllth. Minn .568 New Haven, Conn........................... 1.053Ohjeegn, TU .556 Milwaukee, Wis............................... .901

A/Tich .556 Kansas City, Mo____ ___________ .898Cleveland, Ohio .538 Minneapolis, Minn______________ .867Philadelphia Pa .509 St Louis, Mo.................... - ............ .856Wichita .499 Youngstown, Ohio___ __________ .836Providence, R. I................... - ......... .469 Other specialized baking: *

1.084Baltimore Md .447 San Francisco, Calif...... ..................Buffalo, 1ST. Y ___________ .435 Buffalo, N. Y ................................... *1.041Pittsburgh, Pa .390 Chicago, 111.............. - .................—- 1.039

Cracker and cookie: Detroit, Mich..................................Average for all cities______________

1.020Duluth, Minn .751 .925New York "NT Y .728 Cleveland, Ohio________________ .919Detroit, Mich .694 New York, N. Y .............................. .912Dayton Ohio .687 Pittsburgh, Pa...... .......................... .906Pas Moines Towa .683 Providence, R. I________________ .693Ran Francisco, Calif .683 Los Angeles, Calif_______________ .689Toledo, Ohio .642 Philadelphia, Pa___________ _____ .582Poston Mass .638 Tampa, Fla.............. —___________ .398Kansas City, Mo............................. .635

i Includes a few small machine shops—not separable.3 Includes Rock Island, 111., Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa.3 Includes hand shops—not separable.* French, Polish, Bohemian, Scandinavian, Spanish, Italian, etc. ‘ Includes Hebrew bakeries—not separable.



Wages and Hours in Each City

The hourly wage rates and hours per week for union bakery workers in the cities covered in the survey on June 1, 1942, are shown i i table 8.

T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities, June I, 1942, and June I, 1941

City, type of baking, and occupation

Atlanta, Ga.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Mixers, ovenmen............ ..................................Dividers, molders, wrapping-machine operators.Bench hands.................................... ................ .Packers........................................................... .Pan greasers..................... .................................General helpers, machine catchers.....................leers and wrappers, female.................................Shipping-room foremen......................................

Bread only—Machine shops:Company A:

Foremen..................................................... .Dough mixers, ovenmen............................. .Dividers, molaermen.___ _______________Benchmen, rolling-machine men.......... .......Bread rackers, oven helpers, pan rackers__Shipping department:

Shipping clerks.....................................Checkers, wrapping-machine operators.Bun trayers, hand wrappers................ .

Company B:DoUgh mixers..... ........................................Bakers................ ........................................Dividers, molders, bench bands.................Wrapping-machine operators....................Helpers______________ _______________Bread wrappers (helpers)...........................Packers and slicers, female..........................Shipping department:

Shipping clerks....................................Helpers.................................................

Cake only—Machine shops:Company A:

Foremen........ .............................................Mixers, ovenmen.............. .......................Foreladies------- -------------------- --------------leers, checkers, cutters, wrappers................Pan greasers, cake inspectors......................

Company B :Mixers........................................................BakersWrapping-machine operators......................Helpers..... .................................................Packers and icers, female............................Shipping department:

Shipping clerks.....................................Helpers.................................................

Baltimore, Md.Bread, cake, and sweets—Machine shops:

Company A:Mixers....................................................................................Dividermen......... ....................... .........................................Oven feeders, dumpers, stockroom men.................................Molders...... .................. ............... .........................................Doughnut-machine operators, mixers’ helpers........................Molders’ helpers, steam-box men.......................................... .Pan rackers, greasers, bread packers.......................................Doughnut packers, female..................................................... .

Company B:Mixers, dividers, ovenmen.................................................... .Wrapping-machine operators................................................ .Formulae workers..................................................................Oven feeders, dumpers................ ..................... .................. .Molders, shipping clerks, mixers’ and molders’ helpers, pan

rackers, greasers, steam-box men........................................

June 1,, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0,900 40.750 40.700 40.625 40.625 40.600 40.500 40.938 40

l.OCO 40.825 40.775 40.750 40.500 40.825 40.650 40.450 40.800 40.800 40.725 40.675 40.600 40.550 40.500 40.825 40.700 40

.900 40

.800 40

.5"5 40

.475 40

.350 40

.750 40

.750 40

.625 40

.520 40

.475 40

.800 40

.625 40

.925 40

.850 40

.850 40

.750 40

.725 40

.650 40

.625 40

.425 40

.845 40

.770 40

.745 40

.695 40

.645 40

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0,650.550

.375

.875

. oou

.450

.450

.430

.630

.570

.450

.400

.550

.500

.825

.775

.750

.650

.675

.600

.575

.375

.785

.710

.685

.635

.585 40

:§§§

: : i i :

: : : S

S

; : : : i S

SS

SS

3

S

SS

5S

SS

SS

S

SS

S


BAKING INDUSTRY 11T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,

June I, 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1,1942 June 1,1941

City, type of baking, and occupationRate per

hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Baltimore, Md— ContinuedBread, cake, and sweets—Machine shops—Continued.

Company B—Continued.Flour blenders____________ ___________________________ $0,620

.50040 $0.560

.44040

General help________________________________________ 40 40Pan washers_________________________________________ .490 40 .430 40Wrappers and icers, female .425 40 .395 40

40Bread only—Machine shops:

Company A:Oven operators, dough mixers, shipping clerks....... ............... .875 40 .800Divider operators, “wrapping-machine operators, molder

operators, doughnut-machine operators...... ............ ............ .825 40 .750 40Ingredient scalers, oven feeders and dumpers, mixers’ helpers,

general help, stock clerks...___ _________________ _____ .775 40 .700 40Molders’ helpers; pan greasers, rackers, and washers; bread

packers and rackers; flour handlers................... .................. .725 40 .650 40Female help . _ ___ . . . . . . . _ .525 40 .450 40

Company B:Dough mixers .863 40 .750 40Dividermen___ ______ _________________ _____________ .748 40 .650 40Ovenmen, moldermen, slicers and wrappers, shipping help—. Cooler feeders________________________________________

.719

.6334040

.625

.5504040

Company C:.850 40 .700 40

Batch men__________________________________________ .825 40 .725 40Bench hands________________________________________ .825 40 .625 40Molder operators ________________ _ _ _ _ ___________ .725 40 .650 40Divider operators____________________________________ .725 40 .625 40Bread wrappers, male_________________________________ .675 40 .450 40Dumpers___________________________________________ .650 40 .500 40Oven feeders_________________________________________ .625 40 .450 40Mixers’ helpers _____________________________________ .600 40 .600 40Bread packers_______________________________________ .600 40 .575 40Molders’ helpers_____________________________________ .600 40 .550 40Pan greasers_________________________________________ .550 40 .550 40Oven helpers _____________________________________ .550 40 .525 40Pan rackers; bakery helpers, male_______________________ .550 40 .450 40Storekeepers_________________________________________ .500 48 .450 48Bread wrappers, female_______________________________ .450 40 .375 40Bakery helpers, female . ___ _ .425 40 .375 40


]>ers _ . . . _ _ . . . . .725 40 .725 40Mixers_____________________________________________ .625 40 .625 40Pan greasers and helpers_______________________________ .500 40 .500 40Cake wrapper foreladies_______________________________ .475 40 .475 40Cake wrappers______________________________________ .450 40 .450 40

Company B:Mixers_____________________________________________ .850 40O v e n m e n , first el ass .......... .800 40 .700 40leers, male... __________________________________*____ .775 40 .675 40Ovenmen, second class_________________ „______________ .750 40Packers _________________________ __________________ .725 40 .65(6 40Icing mixers____________________ _____________________ .700 40 .650 40Dividers____ ________________ C___________________ .700 40Wrappers, male_____________________________________ .675 40 .600 40Cookie mixers__________ _____________________________ .650 40 .600 40Pan greasers_________________________________________ .550 40 .550 40Flour blenders ______________________________________ .550 40 .500 40Oven feeders, bakery help ___________________________ .550 40 .450 40leers, female. __________________________________ ______ .450 40 .405 40Wrappers, female .. ____ .450 40 .350 40

Doughnuts:Mixers or operators _ _ _ _ .550 40 .500 40Friers, .bench hands .500 40 .450 40Helpers_______ _________________________________________ .450 40 .400 40Helpers, female .400 40 .350 40

Hebrew baking:Agreement A:

Ovenmen . . . . . . . ____ _ 1.333 45 1.267 45Second hands _ __ . . . _____ . . . 1.267 45 1.200 45

Agreement B:Dough mixers ___ _____ .792 48 .729 48Journeymen bakers _ .688 48 .625 48Helpers................................................................................... .563 48 .500 48



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities9June I , 1942, and June i , 1941— Continued


Binghamton, N. Y.Bread only—Machine shops:

Utilitymen......................... ......................Tray ovenmen..................... ................... .Mixers............................................ ........Traveling-oven feeders, dumpers, molders.Dividers, ingredient scalers.......................Bench hands................ ............................Flour handlers, roll dividers.................... .■Wrappers, pan rackers..............................Mixers’ helpers, cooler pick-up men_____Pan greasers, oven and machine helpers...Female help.................. ...........................

Cake only—Machine shops:Ovenmen, mixers, utilitymen...................Icing mixers..............................................Scalers, sugar grinders.............................leers, male__________________________Female help............... ..............................

Shipping room—Machine shops:Packers........ ............................ ............. .Loaders............... ................................... .

Birmingham, Ala.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

Mixers...............................................................................Ovenmen_______ ________ _________________________Head benchmen, after 6 months; checkers; shipping clerks.Rolling-machine operators, rate A......................................Dividers, molders............................................... .............Benchmen, utilitymen______________________________Rolling-machine operators, rate B.....................................Oven helpers, bake-shop helpers, machine wrappers..........Shipping helpers................................................................


Mixers_________ ______________________________Ingredient scalers.........................................................Dividers......................................................................Ovenmen.....................................................................Molders......................... ............. ...............................Feeders, dumpers........................................................Regular helpers............................................................Packers, sales department...........................................Helpers, less than 3 months.........................................Shipping department:

Wrapping-machine operators.................................Checkers, order fillers............................................Packers........... ......................................................Slicers and feeders..................................................

Company B:Mixers.......................................................................Dividermen........... .....................................................Ovenmen.....................................................................Molders......................................................................Second ovenmen.......... ...............................................Machine wrappers.......................................................Packers, checkers........................................................Helpers................................ ....... ................................Slicer feeders................................................................

Company C:Head mixers................................................................Head ovenmen...........................................................Head benchmen, head machinemen............................Mixers.........................................................................Ovenmen................... ................................................Head wrappers...... .....................................................Benchmen, machinemen.............................................Second wrappers........................................................ .Bake-shop helpers........................................................Wrapping helpers....................................................... .Pan greasers............................................................... .

See footnotes at end of table (p. 61).

June 1, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.825 40.760 40.750 40.725 40.700 40.675 40.650 40.625 40.600 40.550 40.413 40.750 40.700 40.650 40.575 40.413 40.650 40.600 40

1.700 401,575 402.550 401.550 401.525 401.500 401.500 401.450 403.400 40

.885 40

.810 40

.785 40

.785 40

.710 40

.635 40

.585 40

.560 40

.485 40

.635 40

.610 40

.585 40

.510 40

.885 40

.785 40

.785 40

.710 40

.635 40

.635 40

.610 40

.585 40

.510 40

.885 40

.850 40

.820 40

.785 40

.760 40

.740 40

.730 40

.650 40

.585 40

.510 40

.500 40

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.650.525.500.475.450.400.350

.785

.710

.585

.535

.485

.510

.510

.410

.785

.685

.660

.585

.535

.510

.510

.485

.410

404040404040404040

ss

ss

s

ss

ss

ss

ss

ir

. tf

, t

tt


BAKING INDUSTRY 13T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities9

June I, 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued


Birmingham, Ala.—ContinuedBread only—-Machine shops—Continued.

Company C—Continued.Shipping department:

Shippers..........................................................................Packers___ ________________________________ _____

Company D:Mixers....................................................................... .... .......Roll-machine men............... ...................................................Roll-machine helpers, moldermen, dividermen, take-off men..Wrapping-machine operators..................................................Oven feeders, dumpers............................................................Pan greasers___________________ _________— ..................Wrapping-room or bake-shop helpers, packers, bread rackers.New helpers___________ __________ __________________

Company E:Dough mixers......................................... - ..............................Dividermen............................................................................Oven operators.......................................................................Bread wrappers.....................................................................Ingredient scalers, checkers.....................................................Molders...... ............................................................................Oven helpers...........................................................................Wrappers’ helpers...................................................................Shipping help.................... ....................................................Pan r ackers..... .......................................................................


Head mixers...........................................................................Mixers....................................................................................Ovenmen................................................................................Icing mixers............................................................................Ingredient scalers...................................................................Dividermen............................................................................Sugar grinders-......................................................................Oven dumpers.......................................................................-Bake-shop helpers...................................................................Head icers..............................................................................Flour dumpers__________ ______________________ _____Icers, wrappers.......................................................................Shipping clerks.......................................................................

Company B:Mixers, head ovenmen...........................................................Mixers’ helpers. .....................................................................Ovenmen...............................................................................Scalers, dumpers.....................................................................Pan greasers-..........................................................................Icers, wrappers-......................................................................Stockroom clerks...................... ................................-............

Crackers and cookies:Mixers, machine operators..................... ......................................Sponge peelers, after 6 months; marshmallow mixers. ..................Sponge-oven bakers________ __________ __________________Machine feeders; sweet-oven bakers; stackers; wrapping-machine

operators; checkers, male; coating mixers------------- ---------------Mixers’ helpers; sponge peelers, first 6 months; sponge-oven

helpers; dough rollers; sweet-oven helpers; icing mixers; syrupcookers.............................. ............................ ...........................

Machine helpers, male; helpers, male; mixing helpers........... .......Checkers, trayers, sponge packers; large-carton makers; large

wafer-machine operators....................................... ...................Packers and bundlers; helpers, female; cappers; icing-machine

feeders; caddy and carton makers. .......... .................................Stock room:

Stock clerks.............................................................................Issue clerks............................................................................Helpers..... ............................................................................

Shipping department:Shippers............. - ..................................................................Helpers.............................................. - ...................................

June 1., 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.610 40.686 40.880 40.750 40.730 40.700 40.650 40.600 40.550 40.450 40.725 40.650 40.600 40.595 40.575 40.550 40.475 40.450 40.425 40.375 40

.960 40

.885 40

.785 40

.760 40

.735 40

.720 40

.635 40

.610 40

.585 40

.550 40

.535 40

.455 40

.610 40

.730 40

.680 40

.650 40

.585 40

.500 40

.455 40

.585 40

.630 40

.550 40

.525 40

.500 40

.480 40

.450 40

.430 40

.400 40

.520 40

.480 40

.450 40

.500 40

.450 40

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

$0,860 40.785 40.660 40.660 40.635 40.620 40.535 40.510 40.485 40.500 40.435 40.405 40



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June I, 1942, and June Z, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1,

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hour

$1.068 44 $0,977.886 44 .795.818 44 .727.773 44 .682.750 44 .659.979 48 .938.875 48 .833.833 48 .792.792 48 .750.771 48 .729.708 48 .667.667 48 .625.646 48 .604.625 48 .583.583 48 .542. 5o3 48 .521.521 48 .479.500 48 .458.479 48 .438.458 48 .417.417 48 .375.938 48 .875.833 48 .771.771 48 .708.729 48 .667.688 48 .625.667 48 .604.563 48 .500.533 48 .492.875 48 .875.729 48 .729.667 48 .667.417 48 .417.875 48 .833.667 48 .625.563 48 .521.521 48 .479.417 48 .375.780 40 .680.700 40 .600.675 40 .575.650 40 .550.450 40 .350

.995 40 .945

.875 40 .825

.825 40 .775

.790 40 .740

.740 40 .690

.938 40 .880

.850 40 .800

.813 40 .750

.803 40 .740

.763 40 .700

.743 40 .680

.663 40 .600

.750 40 .688

.775 40 .713

City, type of baking, and occupation Hoursper

week

Boston, Mass.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Company A:

Foremen, night.................................................................Mixers............. ........................................... .....................Assistant foremen, assistant mixers, ovenmen..................Shippers...........................................................................Benchmen........................................................................

Company B: *Foremen...........................................................................Shippers...........................................................................Second hands...................................................................Head benchmen....... .................................................... __Mixers, cake decorators....................................................Ovenmen, bread and pies.................................................Ovenmen, cake............... .................................................Receivers........................... ..............................................Benchmen, frosting makers.............................................Assistan t shippers...........................................................Filling cooks............. - ......................................................Floorladies........................................................ ..............Helpers_______________________ __________________Cleaners, greasers, machine bread-wrappers.....................Assistant cake decorators, checkers..... ..................... .......F rosters............................................................................

Company C:Foremen..........................................................................Mixers, finishers...............................................................Benchmen.......... .............................................................Ovenmen, cake bakers, doughnutmen.............................Piemen............................................................................Shippers...........................................................................Helpers............................................................................Wrappers, female.............................................................

Company D:_Foremen............ ....... .....................................................Ovenmen, dough mixers. ................................................Benchmen........................................................................Frosters............................................................................

Company E:Dough mixers..................................................................Ovenmen, bench hands...................................................Molders, divider operators, filling cooks........ .................Bakers' helpers, wrapping-machine operators, shippers...Helpers, female. ..............................................................

Cake only:All-around bakers............................................................All-around bakers’ helpers...............................................Stockmen, flour dumpers................ ...............................Mixers, dougnut-machine operators............................... .Helpers, female.............................................................. .

Machine shops:Company A:

Mixers............................................................................Dividermen----------------------- -------------------------- ------Moldermen, oven feeders, mixers’ helpers, ingredient

scalers.................... ....................................................Flour blenders, wrappers............... ................................Molders helpers, rackers, pan greasers, packers...............

Company B:Mixers.............. ............. ................................................Ovenmen, dividers, molder operators............................Ingredient scalers, ovenmen’s helpers, mixers’ helpers...Benchmen.......................................................................Flour blenders....... .........................................................Baking helpers, pan greasers................................... .......Slicing-machine operators, packers, wrappers, checkers,

rackers:First year..... ........................................................Second to fifth year..............................................5 years and over...................................................

4444444444

40See footnotes at end of table (p. 61).

SS

SS

SS

S©

S S

o S

SS

SS

&

&£&

£ &

£&£

SS

SS

SS

SS

&

£&££

&£&

£&&

&&

&£&



June I , 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1,1942 June 1,1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

wdek

Bostoni, .Mass.—ContinuedBread only—Machine shops:Mixers ........ . $0,885 40 $0,785 40

Mixers’ helpers______________ ______ _ ________________ .830 40 .730 40Benchmen,‘divider operators, molder operators, ovenmen, wrap

ping-machine operators _ _. .780 40 .680 40Mold firs’ hfilpftrs * .750 40 .650 40Hackers, helpers_____________ -__________________________ .725 40 .625 40Pan greasers*_______ _____ ________ _____________________ .675 40 .575 40Wrapping-machine floormen_______________ _____ _________ .623 40 .523 40Packers, strippers, baggers________________________________ .600 40 .500 40


Mixers ..r_ __ .925 40 .850 40Ovenmen.......... ..................................................................... .900 40 .800 40Scalers..... ............................................................................... .835 40 i .700 40Ingredient scalers____________________________ _______ .830 40 .700 40Helpers, after 4 months _____ _________ _________ .700 40Table heads............ .................. ............................................ .620 40 .550 40Helpers, first 4 months ___________ . . . _____________ .600 40Packers', icers, wrappers—

First 4 months ............. .440 40 .400 40After 4 months________________ ___________ _______ .520 40 .450 40

Company B:Mixers_________ ____________________________________ .850 40 .750 40Icing mixers......... ....................................................... .......... .850 40 .680 40Ovenmen __________________________________________ .800 40 .680 40Ingredient scalers____________________________ ________ .700 40 .650 40Shippers____________ ____________ __________________ .680 40 .600 40Piemen; helpers, first class___ _________________________ .650 40 .620 40Mixers’, oven, and scalers’ helpers . _ ______________ .600 40General helpers _ _________________________________ .570 40 .570 40Shippers’ helpers_____________________________________ .570 40 .550 40Beginners, girls (after 6 months)________________________ .450 40 .425 40

Pie and pastry:Company A:

Foremen _________ ______ .917 48 .875 48Ovenmen_______________________ _____________ ______ .750 48 .708 48Bench hands______________________ ________ _________ .708 48 .667 48Frosters________________________ __________ _________ .583 48 .542 48Bakery helpers. _ _________________________________ .479 48 .438 48

Company B:Foremen . . . . . . . _ _ .833 48 .833 48Second hands _____ ___ . .. _ .688 48 .688 48Bench hands________________________________________ .625 48 .625 48

Company C:Pie room ovenmen ___________________________________ .825 40 .775 40Soft pie ovenmen, dough mixers, oven firemen____________ .813 40 .750 40Flour handlers______________________ ________________ .763 40 .700 40Pie room helpers . . . . . . . .688 40 .625 40

Hebrew baking:Foremen _ ___ . . . 1.458 48 1.375 48Second hands___________________________________________ 1.354 48 1.271 48Third hands............................. .................................................... 1.250 48 1.167 48

Crackers and cookies:Machine captains________________________________________ .865 40 .825 40Night shippers _ _ _ _ . . . . .825 40Peelers _ _ . .815 40 .750 40Mixers, bakers_______ ___________________________________ .795 40 .755 40Car checker __ .790 40Rollermen, oven firemen__________________ _______ ________ .765 40 .725 40Head carloader _______ ___ . . . .765 40Receivers_______________________________ ______________ .740 40 .650 40Car assemblers, assemblers, shippers _ _. _ .740 40Trongh pullers _ . . . . . . _ _ _____ ___ .735 40 .695 40Tltilitymen . . . . . . . . . . . . ___ _ . . . .725 40 .700 40Car loaders . T .. _ . . . ___ .725 40Stock clerks .705 40Bakers’ helpers. _ - ___ ___ ___ . . . .695 40 .655 40Boardmen ___ . _ ........ . . . . . .680 40 .625 40Edgers................... ....................................................................... .655 40 .600 40Stockmen..................................................................................... .655 40

520548°-43------ 3



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities»June I , 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1,, 1942 June 1,, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Boston, Maw—ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Continued.Flonr-hag nlpanors_________________ _ _________________ $0.630 40 $0,575 40

Utility floormen ............ .................... ... .697 40 .542 40.695 40.650 40.645 40

Sponge packers, female____________________________ _____ .530 40 .475 40Bundiers and labelers, handlers of broken and rejected crackers,wav wrappine-m anhina feed pts _ _ _ ________________ .520 40Dog food department:

Machine captains____________________________________ .815 40 .745 40Mixers, bakers_______________________________________ .790 40 .750 40Reliefmen___________________________________________ .785 40 .750 40Dough feeders_______________________________________ .765 40 .700 40Mixers’ halpprs, panlring fl norm on .715 40 .675 40Pan feeders*.________________________________________ .680 40 .625 40

Buffalo, N. Y.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

Agreement A:D ay-

Oven h$nds, mixers_________________ __________ ___ .955 44 .864 44Bench hands...................................... ............................. .909 44 .818 44Helpers................... ....... ................ ................................ .568 44 .477 44

Night-Oven hands, mixers............................ ............................ 1.000 44 .909 44Bench hands_____________________________________ .955 44 .864 44Helpers______________________________________ ;___ .614 44 .523 44

Agreement B:D ay-

Oven hands, mixers_______________________________ .875 48 .792 48Bench hands. _ . _ __ _ _ _____________________ .833 48 .750 48Helpers_________________________________________ .521 48 .438 48

Night-Oven hands, mixers_______________________________ .917 48 .834 48Bench hands. _ ___________________________________ .875 48 .792 48Helpers_________________________________________ .563 48 .483 48

Bread and cake—Machine shops:Company A:

Foremen__________________________________ __________ 1.025 40 .950 40Oven hands, mixers___________________________________ .950 40 .875 40Bench hands________________________________________ .900 40 .825 40Scalers.____ ________________________________________ .850 40 .775 40Tngredientmen . . . . . . . _ _ _ .800 40 .725 40Oven dumpers________________ _________________ ____ .725 40 .650 40Helpers, pan greasers, packers, checkers, flour dumpers,

blender S—___ _____________________________________ .675 40 .600 40Bread and pan stackers________________ _______ _______ .650 40 .575 40leers, wrappers . _ _ .450 40 .375 40

Company B: *Foremen, bread___________________ __________________ 1.013 40 .963 40Foremen, cake............. ............ ................ ........... ................. .975 40 .925 40Wrapping-machine foremen............................................ ...... .950 40Mixers.____________ ____________________________ _ .900 40 .850 40Peel o venmen....................................................................... .900 40 .800 40Assemblymen, traveling ovenmen.............................. .......... .850 40 .800 40Divider men, bench hands............................................ ....... .830 40 .780 40Machinemen, moldermen____________________________ .800 40 .750 40Friedcake-machine men_____________________________ .775 40 .725 40Wrapping-machine operators_____________________ _____ .725 40 .675 40Foreladies, cake____________________ _________ _______ .705 40 .675 40Checkers, bench helpers, oven helpers _ _ .700 40 .650 40Warehouse clerks___ ______________ _______________ .700 40Utilitymen, flour handlers, coolermen, wrapping and slicing

helpers, packers____________________ ______ _____ .675 40 .625 40Pan greasers, machine hand helpers, warehousemen. _ ... .650 40 .600 40Pie-machine boys........................ .......................................... .600 40 .400 40Assistant foreladies___ ___________________ ____________ .525 40 .500 40Cake decorators, female________________________ ______ .500 40Female—friedcake packers, icers, packers, pie-machine opera

tors.................................................................................... .480 40 .450 40See footnotes at end of table (p. 61).



June I , 1942, and June 7, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

City, type of baking, and occupation Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

Buffalo, N. Y.—ContinuedBread and cake—Machine shops—Continued.

Company C :5Fnrp.men, working .. ___ , __ __ $1,013.900

40 $0,963 40Mixers.___ _________________________________________ 40 .850 40Ovenmen, assemblymen .850 40 .800 40■pividermen, bench bands .830 40 .780 40Maehinemen, mold^rmen r_ .800 40 .750 40Mixer’s helpers______________________________________ .750 40 .700 40Bench helpers, oven feeders, dumpers, wrapping-machine

operators, checkers_____________________ ____________ .700 40 .650 40Coolermen, wrapping-machine helpers, flour handlers,

packers (male)____________ _________________________ .675 40 .625 40Pan greasers, machine hand helpers __ _ r .650 40 .600 40Female packers, icers, and wrappers: Rate A . .575 40

Rate R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______ _____ _ .500 40 .450 40Company D:

Mixers, cake decorators....... .............................. .................... .925 40 .850 40Ovenmen, assemblymen, friedeake-maohine operators „ _ _ .875 40 .800 40Pividermen, bench bands .855 40 .780 40Moldcrmen/peelmen _ _ _ _ .825 40 .750 40Receiving-department foremen __ ___ ________________ .809 42 .734 42Mixers’ helpers, doughnut friers, icing-machine operators......Receiving-department helpers _________________________

.775

.7564042

.700

.6814042

Wrapping-machine operators___________________________ .755 40 .680 40Bench helpers, packers, cookie-machine operators, oven

helpers, flour sifters and blenders...... ....... ........ ................ .725 40 .650 40Machine helpers, bake-shop helpers, doughnut fillers, flour

sifters’ helpers, flour blenders’ helpers _ _ .675 40 .600 40Coolermen and fried cake coolers _ ______ _ _ _ .625 40 .550 40Female icers, wrappers, and packers _ _ _ .495 40 .420 40

Cake only—Company A:Mixers______________________________________________ .825 40 .750 40Pepositors (scaling machine) .775 40 .750 40Rollette mixers__ . _ _ _ __ _ .775 40Ovenmen ____ . . . „ _ .750 40 .700 40Clerks______ _______ _______________________________ .700 40Pan greasers, general helpers .675 40 .600 40Rollette cookers and helpers. ______________ ___________ .675 40Foreladies_______________ ________ ___________________ .575 40 .575 40Icing, packing and wrapping:

Rate A__________________________________________ .500 40 .480 40Rate B__.............. ............................................................ .460 40 .430 40

Rollette wrappers, female _____________________________ .460 40Rollette rollers and boxers, female _ _ _ _ _ „ _ .450 40

Cake only—Company B:Mixers, icing mixers___________________________________ .770 40 .725 40Depositors...______ _________________________________ .755 40 .700 40Ovenmen___________________ ______ ________________ .750 40 .725 40Assemblymen___ _________________________________ .700 40 .700 40Shipping-room foremen________ _______________________ .675 40 .600 40Pan washers_________________________________________ .625 40 .575 40Shipping-room men_______________________ ______ _____ .625 40 .550 40Helpers______ _____________ ___________ _________ ____ .625 40Foreladies___ __________ ________ ____________________ .600 40 .500 40Pie-machine operators, wrapping-machine operators, belt

receivers................ ....... ............ ....................................... .470 40 .450 40Icers, packers, wrappers........ ....... ............ ............................. .450 40 .425 40

Pie and pastry:Cookers, formen................. ....... .................................. ............... .708 48Bakers (mixers)__________________________ ___________ ___ .625 48 .542 48Ovenmen______________________________________________ .625 48 .458 48Friers, first hands................. ....................................................... .604 48 .375 48Dough cutters, general helpers................................. ............ ....... .521 48Friers, second hands__________________ ______ ____________ .458 48 .333 48Foreladies__ _______________________ ___________________ .396 48Female employees.___ ______ ____________________________ .375 48 .280 48

Hebrew and Polish baking—Bread only:D ay-

First hands............................................................................. 1.000 40 .875 40Second hands......................................................................... .900 40 .813 40

Night-First hands _ _ _ _____ _____ _____ 1.120 Z7H

Z7}i.987 37H

37HSecond hands............. ............................................................ 1.013 .933See footnotes at end of table (p. 61).



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities9.June I , 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued


Buffalo, N. Y —ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Company A:

Mixing department:Head mixers............................................................................Mixers..................... ...............................................................Mixers’ helpers...... .................................................................Flour dumpers.......................................................................

Baking department:Machine captains...................................................................jPgq10fsBakers (traveling and reel ovens)...................... ...................Cutternmen......... ..................................................................Sponge rollermen.................................................................. .Sponge drawmen.................................................................. .Oven firemen..........................................................................Baking clerks.......... ........................................... .............. .Graham ovenmen feeders.......................................................Stackers................. ...............................................................Pan feeders, greasers...............................................................Ritz baking:

Machine captains.............................................................Mixers, rollermen...................... ......................................Mixers’ helpers............................................ ...................Spray-machine operators, oven feeders, takers-out...........

Cone department:Assistant foremen...................................................................Mixers........ ............................................................................Supervisors.............................................................................Clerks.......... ....... ....... ............ ..............................................Miscellaneous baking and packing workers............................

Icing department:Head mixers................ ....... ....... - .........................................Mixers...................... ....................... ........................ .............Machine set-up men...............................................................Machinemen (mixers’ helpers)...............................................Working supervisors...............................................................Clerks....... .............................................................................Machine operators..................................................................Packers, feeders, handlers.......................................................

Assembly department:Division heads.............. .........................................................Assemblymen........................................................................Clerks....................- ...............................................................

Packing department:Pan dumpers.......... ..............................................................Checkers, truckers-------------------------------- ----------- -..........Working supervisors, repack girls....... ..................... .............Sponge packers.................................................................... .Tally clerks............................................................................Hand bundlers, machine carton-formers................................Sweet packers; sealers and weighers; carton closers; filling-

machine operators; hand carton-formers; “ Q” formers andstitchers: machine operators................................................

Shipping department:Loading foremen.....................................................................Assemblers... .........................................................................Car loaders............................................................................ .

Crackers and cookies—Company B:Mixing department:

Head mixers.......................................................................... .Sponge mixers... ............................................... ....................Sweet mixers............ - ............................................................Mixers’ helpers.......................................................................Flour dumpers........................................................................

Baking department:Machine captains..................................................................Peelers............. ......................................................................Reel-oven bakers................................................................... .Cuttermen.............................................................................Sponge rollermen------------- ------------------------- ---------------Reel-oven take-out men, sponge drawmen, traveling-oven

unloaders.......................................................................... .Traveling-oven loaders............................................ .............Pan feeders, greasers, general help........................................ .

June 1., 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.925 , 40.875 40.815 40.755 40.915 40.875 40.845 40.825 40.815 40.775 40.745 40.745 40.745 40.695 40.695 40.855 40.755 40.725 40.695 40.875 40.755 40.675 40.675 40.625 40.845 40.795 40.775 40.725 40.635 40.585 40.553 40.545 40.765 40.745 40.725 40.705 40.695 40.645 40.595 40.595 40.555 40

.545 40

.845 40

.775 40

.725 40

.890 40

.810 40

.780 40

.750 40

.660 40

.880 40

.840 40

.810 40

.790 40

.780 40

.740 40

.690 40

.66u 40

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

$0,740.710.625

404040

.740

.700

.670

.620

.680

.620

.600

.550

.770

.720

.700

.650

.470

.670

.570

.520

.490

.480

.470

.770

.700

.650 Sgg

g

ggg

gg;

i gg

gg

: gg

ggg

g: g

g:

g: g

g i

g: g

gggg

:



June 7, 1942, and June 7, 1941— Continued

June 1,1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Buffalo, N. 7 .—ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Company B—Continued.

Baking department—Continued.Tower men _ __ , . . . . . . . . . $0,570.560

40Stackers, female . . . . . . . . 40Scrap girls . . _ , . T. . . . . . . . .510 40

Icing and Cello-bag department:Head icing mixers _ _ _ _ , . r _ . . . . . . .810 40Machine set-up men__________________________________ .740 40Icing mixers’ Helpers, paper cutters... ................ .......... ........ .720 40Machinemen__*____ 1. T_______________________________ .690 40Checkers, truckers, general helpers______________________ .660 ,40Female help:Working supervisors . . . .. „ _ . .600 40

Packcrs7 feeders _ _ _ _ __ _ .510 40General help__________________ _ _ _ _____ .470 40

Packing department:Checkers, truckers ____________________ ______ _ __ .660 40Working supervisors _________________ ____________ .610 40

.560 40Hand bundlers, carton-formers (machine and table)________ .520 40Sweet packers; carton-formers, hand; “ Q” formers; cover

strichers; repack girls; breakage girls .510 40General help * _. . ” _ ~ .470 40

Warehouse:Receiving clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .790 40Paper stockmen, general assemblymen .710 40

Butte, Mont.Break and cake—Machine shops:

Foremen, dough mixers___________________________________ 1.226 42 $1,226 42Rench hands . . . . . . . . 1.095 42 1.095 42Gvenmen ... ... _ 1.190 42 1.190 42Wrappers, male_______________ __________________________ .670 44 .670 44Wrappers, female . . . . .......... .... .500 44 .500 44

Charlotte, N. C.Bread only—Machine shops:

"Foremen __ . . .988 40 .938 40Shipping foremen________________________________________ .925 40 .875 40Mixers, ovenmen________________________________________ .700 40 .650 40"Dividers, molders, wrappers . . _ . .650 40 .600 40Stockroom clerks _ ____________ _ . __ ___ .650 40Shipping packers________________________________________ .600 40 .550 40Twisters, panners, dumpers, wrapping-machine catchers, oven

loaders, pan greasers and rakers, pan packers, flour dumpers____Cake only—Machine shops:

Foremen_______________________________________________.550.988

4040

.500

.938

404040

Mixers, scalers, ovenmen ... . . . . . . .700 40 .650 40Wrapping-machine operators______________________________ .650 40 .600 40X) ougnnut-mixer operators_______ •_________________________ .600 40 .550 40Dumpers, rakers, pan greasers_____________________________ .550 40 .500 40leers, wrappers, packers__________________________________ .425 40 .375 40

Chicago, IU.Bread and cake—Hapd shops:

Union A:First hands, spongers, ovenmen ____ _ . _ 1.000 48 1.000 48Second hands________________________________________ .900 48 .900 48Third hands _ ____________ __ _ _________ _ _ .800 48

Union B:Retail-

First hands ...... . .979 48 .865 48Feoond hands , - , - . .938 48 .823 48

Wholesale-First hand**, Tnixers, oven men, spongers . . . .975 48 .875 48Second hands, henen hands, machine hands „ .925 48 .825 48

Bread only—Machine shops:Agreement A:

Mixers_______________ ____________ _________ . . . _____ .930 40 .870 40All others................................................................................ .780 40 .720 40


T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities, June I, 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued



June 1, 1942 June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

Chicago, III.—ContinuedBread only—Machine shops—Continued.

Agreement B:Mixers______________________________________________ $0.920 40 $0.850 40Ovenmen................................................................................ .870 40 .850 40Dividermen____ __________ _______ __________________ .870 40 .800 40Traveling-oven feeders or dumpers, bench hands, moldermen. .820 40 .750 40Bake-shop helpers................................................................... .700 40 .550 40

Agreement C:Mixers..... .......... .............................. ................................... .920 40 .850 400 venmen, dividermen, doormen........................................... .870 40 .800 40Traveling-oven feeders or dumpers, bench hands, moldermen. .820 40 .750 40Mixers helpers.... ......................... ............................ .......... .770 40 .700 40Bake-shop helpers.................................................................. .700 40 .600 40Female help—

First year.................................... .................................... .430 40 .430 40Second year...................................................................... .460 40 .460 40After 2 years..................................................................... .500 40 .500 40

Cake only—Machine shops:Agreement A:

Mixers_________ _______ _____________________ _______ .920 40 .850 40Scalers, bench hands, oven receivers, cookie-machine opera-

tors_______ _______ _________________ _________ ____ .820 40 .750 40Union roll-machine operators; mixers’, scalers’, and deposi-

tors’ helpers; wrapping-machine operators; receiving clerks. .770 40 .700 40Cookie-machine helpers; oven feeders; bakery (#1) helpers;

pan greasing and washing-machine operators; icing-machine operators; cake-cutting-machine operators_________ .720 40 .650 40

Bakery (#2) helpers; pan greasing and washing-machinehelpers; shipping-room helpers.......... ................................ . 650 40 .600 40

Foreladies...................................... ........................................ .650 40 .575 40leers, dough handlers, machine operators______ __________ .550 40 .500 40Female—wrappers, packers, box makers, labelers, cookie

packers, and miscellaneous:First year............................................................ ............ .430 40 .430 40Second year........ .......................................................... . .460 40 .460 40After 2 years..................................................................... .500 40 .500 40

Agreement B:Cake mixers, icing mixers, doughnut mixers, ovenmen, first

scalers, head cookers.................................................. ......... .860 40 .760 40Ingredientmen, sfonkmATi, hp.nphmp.n .800 40All shop helpers, second scalers............................................... .720 40 .660 40Dumpers, truckers _ __ . - . __ . _____________ .650 40Female wrapping-machine feeders and pie-machine crew____ .520 40Other female employees—

1 to 6 months................................................................... .430 40 .400 407 to 12 months................................................................. . .450 40 .410 401 to 5 years—..................................................................... .500 40 .440 40After 5 years .520 40

Pie and pastry:Ingredientmen, ovenmen, cooks, dough mixers............................. .800 40 .680 40Dough breakers, fruit servicemen, male helpers............................ .600 40 .530 40Pie-machine operators____________________________________ .520 40 .490 40Toppers, wrappers, cream-pie fillers, cake icers, fruit cleaners,

female helpers, plate washers, plate sorters, inspectors.............. .460 40 .420 40Bohemian baking:

Small shops:First hands..... '....................................................... .............. 1.042 48 .938 48Second hands............. ............................................................ .979 48 .875 48

Large shops:First hands............... .............................................................. 1.250 48 1.125 40Second hands......................................................................... 1.175 48 1.050 40

Hebrew baking:Foremen, first hands..................................................................... 1.292 48 1.271 48Second hands................................................................................ 1.229 48 1.208 48Third hands.................................................................................. 1.000 48 1.000 48

Italian and Greek baking:Hand shops:

First-class bakers:Rate A............................ ................................................. .786 48 .708 48Rate B . . . ______________________________ .766 48

Second-class bakers:Rate A.............................................................................. .730 48 .652 48Rate B.............................................................................. .709 48



June I , 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Chicago, III.—ContinuedItalian and Greek baking—Continued.

Machine shops:First-class bakers________________________________ _____ $0.919 40 $0,850 40S f t c m - i d - e l a s s b a k e r s , , . . . . . _ __ .851 40 .783 40

Polish baking:Retail shops—

South Side:Foremen, spongers____ .. . , 1.063 48 .938 48Second hands. ,,. r ... „ r .938 48 .813 48

West Side:Day work:

Foremen, spongers _ _ . „r„r. 1.063 48 .958 48Second han*ds ~ T ^ .938 48 .895 48

Night work:Foremen, spongers 1.263 48 1.158 48Second hands _ 1.138 48 1.096 48

Wholesale shops:Day work:

Foremen, spongers___________________________________ 1.125 32 1.125 32Second hands_____________ __________________________ 1.000 32 1.000 32

Night work:Foremen, spongers ........ . . . 1.325 32 1.325 32Second hands, , „ _ . ____ - 1.200 32 1.200 32

Crackers and cookies:Mixing room:

Mixers __________________ _ _______________ .870 40Raw-material sealers _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ .850 40Mixing-room helpers________________ ________________ .750 40Flour dumpers ___________________________________ .650 40

Sponge baking:Machine captains .950 40Dough feeders, rollmen ' . _ .875 40Ovenmen _ __ .800 40Dough entters ___ . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ .750 40Scrap hoys ... . , .625 40

Sweet baking:Maehine oaptains . . . . . .950 40Machine sheeters, ovenmen_______ ___ .800 40Dough feeders _ . ___ _ . . .. .675 40

Icing department:Machinemen „ . __ . ........ . .750 40Head mixers _ ______ ____ ____________ .650 40Regular packers ....... . . . . . . .550 40Head samplers . . . . . . . .520 40Stitchers, female; cellophane packers; samplers, helpers;

stickers; trolley packers _ _ .480 40Plain packing:

Stacking-machine captains—1 to 3 months ... , , __ _ .525 404 to 6 m onths_______________ ___ ________________ .750 40A ft.er 6 months . . __ . .850 40

Wrapping-machine operators________ ____________ .700 40Bundlers. sponge packers_____________ _ _ ______________ .560 40General helpers, male. .525 40Sweet packers .520 40Carton formers . ... _ .500 40Garten and caddy stitchers, female . . . _ _ _ .480 40Stacker and feeder girls _ . .450 40

Scalers, male _______________________ _____________ .550 40Receiving department:

Flour unloaders „ ,rx . ___ ____ .720 40Order fillers, stockmen____________ ______________________ .680 40Receiving clerks ___________________ _________________ .675 40Paper cutters, sugar grinders __________ _________________ .625 40

Shipping department:Head shipping clerks _ _ .900 40Men-in-charge, commission department „ .800 40Men-in-oharge, wholesale department . . . .750 40Stockmen.................................................................................... .600 40 _ ._



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities1June 19 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1,1942 June 1;, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Cincinnati, OhioBread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen, first hands ___ _ _ _ _ _ $1,045.963

40 $0,995.913

40Ovenmen, mixers____________________________________ 40 40"Ranch hands__ _ __ . __ TT .900 40 .850 40

Machine shops:Foreman, first hands_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.045 40 .995 40Ovenmen, mixers___1............ _.......... ........... .............. ....... .963 40 .913 40Icing mixers, bench hands, machine hands, ingredient scalers _ Helpers_____________ _______ ____________ ___________

.900.775

4040

.850

.7254040

Wrapping-machine operators___________________________ .740 40 .690 40Packers, shippers_______________ ___________________ .640 40 .590 40Chutemen, machine helpers_________ ________ __________ .600 40 .550 40Utility helpers. .......... .2.............................. ......................... .590 40 .540 40Working foreladies.................................................................. .580 40 .550 40Female help—

1 to 6 months_____________________________________ .480 40Thereafter....................... ................................................ .500 40 .470 40

Cleveland, OhioBread and cake:

Hand shops:First hands, ovenmen, mixers______________ _____ _____ 1.042 48 .938 48Second hands______ 1...................................................... . .938 48 .813 48Third hands, pan cleaners, doughnut friers............................ .583 48 .500 48Betail shops: ®*

First hands___________________ ___________________ .938 48 .938 48Second hands__________________ ________ ________ .875 48 .875 48Third hands................................. ................................... .750 48 .750 48Women employees............... ....... ................................... .550 45

-famine shops:Ovenmen, mixers, ingredientmen, cake decorators_________ .900 40 .850 40Bench hands, machine hands. _________________________ .850 40 .800 40Mixers’ helpers_____________ __________ ______________ .800 40 .750 40Oven feeders, oven helpers, oven dumpers............ ................. .800 40 .700 40Bread wrapper and slicer adjuster___________ ___________ .800 40Bake-shop helpers, slicers. ____________ ______________ .750 40 .650 40Open-kettle friers, shipping-room help.......................... ....... . .750 40Female shop helpers__________________________________ .480 40 .450 40

Pie and pastry:Oyenmen, fruit cookers, dough mixers _ _ __ ___ .780 40 .780 40Dough cutters, bake-shop helpers__________________________ .630 40 .630 40Machine girls_____________________ _____ ________ _______ .490 40 .490 40Wrapper girls, box makers, fruit cleaners, cream fillers and top

pers, apple workers_________________ ___________________ .420 40 .426 40Doughnuts:

Machine operators, doughnut mixers____________________ .750 40 .750 40Shipping-room help, bake-shop help......... ............................. .650 40 .600 40Female help______________ __________________________ .470 40 .420 40

Bohemian baking:First hands_____________________________________________ 7.979 48 8.875 48Second hands___________________________________________ 7.917 48 8.813 48Third hands____________________________________________ 7.854 48 8.750 48

Hebrew baking:Bread-

First hands___________________________________ _____ 1.333 ®37H»37H»37H

1.244 «37H®37HSecond hands________ ________________________________ 1.222 1.133

Cake bakers___ _____________________________________ 1.067 .933 «37HHelpers________________________________________ _____ .800 ®37^ .667 ®37H

40Crackers and cookies:

Men . ______ ________________________________________ .590 40 .540Women_______________________________________________ 1®. 450 40 ».420 40

Columbus, OhioBread—Machine shops:

Company A:Foremen, shop_______________________________________ 1.000 44Foremen, wrapping _ _____ _ __________________ .955 44Mixers ____________________________ .795 44Ovenmen __ _ _____________ .773 44Divider operators, molder operators __ ________________ .727 44Bun-machine operators, wrapping-machine operators.... .......Twisters, panners....................................................................

.682 44

.659 44See footnotes at end of table (p. 61).


BAKING INDUSTRY 23T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Images and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,

June I, 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Columbus, Ohio—ContinuedBread—Machine shops—Continued.

Company A—Continued.Oven feeders, dumpers, benchmen, wrappers, checkers.......— $0.636

.61444

Oven helpers____ 1__1_____________11__1_____________ 44Baka-shop helpers _ _ _ __ _ .591 44Extra shop helpers____________________________________ .568 44

Company B: *Working foremen _ _ _ _ _ .966 44Mixers_______________________________-______________ .885 44 $0,825

.67544

Ovenmen, bench hands, machine hands_________________ .765 44 44Oheekers . _. _ .750 44 .688 44Wrappers___________________________________________ .675 44 .575 44Shop helpers, pan greasers_______ ______________________ .650 44 .575 44Flour blenders.______ _______________________________ .580 44 .550 44Female wrappers, bread rackers________________________ .570 44 .520 44Inexperienced help (first 60 days)_______________________ .475 44 .475 44

Dallas, Tex.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

Foremen, working___________ ____________________ ______ .833 48 .766 48Overmen, miYers, first bakers .761 48 .700 48Benchmen, second bakers_________________________________ .667 48 .613 48Helpers - - ____________ -_________ - _______-_________ .475 48 .438 48

Bread and cake—Machine shops:Agreement A:

Foremen_______ ____________________________________ 1.000 40 .919 40Mixers______________________________________________ .910 40 .840 40Benchmen, twisters, panners, dividers, oven dumpers or

loaders, bread checkers, shipping clerks______ __________ .800 40 .735 40Slicing- or wrapping-machine feeders, helpers, bread or pan

raokftrs, manhine taka-off men _ _ .570 40 .525 40Agreement B:

Working foremen______________________ ______________ .952 42Mixers _________________________________________ .910 40 .840 40Cake depositors, molders, dividers, twisters, oven dumpers or

loaders, benchmen, wrapping- or si icing-machine operators, packers, nhenkers, o van man, pan rankers _ _ _ .857 40 .767 40

Helpers_____________________________________________ .570 40 .525 40Female employees:Fnreladies _ _ _ „ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ T .514 40 .499 40

Beginners—1 to 3 months_________________________________ .350 40 .336 404 to 6 months_________________________________ .400 40 .368 40After fi months . ... . .450 40 .420 40

Bread only—Machine shops:Foremen___________________—. . . __*_____________________ 1.000 40 .945 40Mixers, spongers, ovenmen____________________________ ___ .910 40 .840 40Benchmen. molders, twisters, pan rackers, dividers, oven dump

ers or loaders, dicing- and wrapping-machine operators, dispensing checkers_______________________________________ -__ .800 40 .735 40

Dispansing and stoakroom workers, halpars _ _ _ __ .570 40 .525 40Cake only—Machine shops:

Company A:Waking foremen ___._........ _____ __ 1.000 40 .945 40Ovenmen___________________________________________ .910 40 .840 40Batter mixers, icing mixers.............. ...................................... .850 40 .788 40Depositing or wrapping-machine operators, ingredient scalers,

ban ah hands _ _ _ ....... .800 40 .735 40Shipping alarks _ _ . . . . . . _ _ _ .800 40 .650 40Helpers_____________________ _______________________ .570 40 .550 40Pan greasers, cake dumpers—

First yoar .500 40 .450 40Thereafter_______________ _______ ________________ .570 40 .525 40

Female employees:Foraladias . __ _____ .514 40 .498 40Beginners—

1 to 6 months _ . , _ T _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _. .350 40 .315 407 to 12 months _ ___ _ .400 40 .368 40Thereafter................................................................... .450 40 .420 40

520548°-



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June I , 1942, and June 2, 1941— Continued

City, type of baking, and occupation * 7

Dallas, Tez.—ContinuedCake only—Machine shops—Continued.

Company B:Bake shop:Ovenmen.....................................................................

Mixers, first scalers, ingredient scalers......................... .Shipping room clerks............................. ......................Second mixers, second ovenmen, second scalers______Miscellaneous male employees in cake shop and dispens

ing room.....................................................................Sweet-yeast department:

Bench foremen...................... ......................................Ovenmen.....................................................................Mixers.........................................................................Bench helpers...............................................................Ovenmen’s helpers, miscellaneous male employees___Female finishers and wrappers—

1 to 6 months.........................................................7 to 18 months.......................................................Thereafter.............................................................

Davenport, Iowa (See Rock Island (111.) district.)

Dayton, OhioBread and cake—Machine shops:

Companies A and B:Mixers, ovenmen........................................................Machinemen, feeders, dumpers, henchmen................Mixers’ helpers......... ................ ....... ........................Helpers, pan greasers, pan setters, wrappers, packers.Female icers, packers, or wrappers.............................

Company C:Mixers, ovenmen.......................................................Machinemen, feeders, dumpers, benchmcn................Head wrappers............... ..........................................Doughnut-machine operators.....................................Mixers’ helpers........ .................... ..................... —Helpers, pan greasers, pan setters, wrappers, packers.Female icers, wrappers, and packers..........................Miscellaneous female workers....................................

Company D:Mixers......................... ......... ................................... .Machinemen, ovenmen, henchmen............................Doughnut-machine operators.....................................Head wrappers........... .............................................. .Pan greasers, pan setters........................................... .Packers, wrappers......... ........................................... .Female icers, packers, and wrappers......................... .

Crackers and cookies—Ice cream cones:Mixers, machine captains.............................................. .Dough carriers, slotter and cutter, handlers, shippers......Warehousemen and shippers (less than 2 months)...........Packers, wrappers—

First month................................................................Second month............................................................After 2 months...........................................................

Denver, Colo.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Day work:

Foremen................................Bench hands, machine hands.

Night work:Foremen..............................Machine operators................

June 1, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.910 40.735 40.683 40.578 40

•.450 40.683 40.630 40.578 40.525 40.420 40.315 40.368 40.420 40

.875 40

.825 40

.775 40

.680 40

.550 40

.875 40

.825 40

.825 40

.785 40

.775 40

.680 40

.550 40

.500 40

.800 44

.750 44

.710 44

.650 44

.610 44

.590 44

.450 44

.790 40

.740 40

.680 40

.560 40

.610 40

.670 40

.916 48

.757 48

.987 48

.825 48

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.735 .683.578.450

.578

.315

.420

.800

.750

.700

.590

.440

.800

.750

.650

.710

.700

.590

.440

.800

.750

.710

.650

.590

.590

.440

.730

.680

.610

.833

.688

.896

.750 &&

$£

s:

:

! SS

£

££

££

££

I

££

££

££

£

SS

SSS

£§

£.

SS

6S

S

£ ££

£',


BAKING INDUSTRY 25T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,

June 1, 1942, and June 1,1941— Continued

June 1,1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$1,073 401.155 401.114 40.968 40

1.051 401.009 40.908 40.990 40

1.150 401.205 401.018 401.013 40

• .850 40.820 40.800 40.670 40.650 40.500 40.850 40.700 40.490 40.650 40.460 40.440 40.500 40.350 40

12.800 4012.775 4012.725 4012.625 4012.600 4012.575 40

.450 40

.475 40

.525 40

.600 4012.750 4012.650 4012.575 4012.650 4012.610 4012.725 4012.575 4012.400 4012.425 4012.475 4012.550 4013.320 4014. 350 4012.390 4012.440 40


June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

Denver, Colo.—ContinuedBread and cake—Continued.

Machine shops:Shift foremen—

Day work.........................................................................Night work......................................................................Part day and night work..................................................

Doughmixers, ovenmen—Day work.........................................................................Night work........ .............................................................Part day and night work..................................................

Bench hands, machine operators—Day work.........................................................................Night work......................................................................

Hebrew baking:Foremen—

Day........................................................................................Night.....................................................................................

Second hands............. ............. ....................................................Bench hands, machine operators..................................................

Crackers and cookies:Company A:

Baking department:Machine captains, head sweet-mixers, bakers..................Peelers--------------------------------------------- ------- -----------Head sponge-mixers, mixers, rollermen, drawmen............Mixersr helpers-------------------------------------- ------ --------Stackers, sweet-dough feeders, pan greasers and feeders,

traveling-oven feeders, traveling-oven take-out men----General help................. ..................................................

Packing and icing department:Icing mixers............ .......... ................................. - ..........Icing mixers’ helpers.................................... ....... ...........

Graham department—Sponge packers, bundlers, scalers........Warehousemen. ...................................... ..............................Female employees:

Machine operators, “Q” formers, stitchers. ....................Sweet and icing packers..................................................

All other employees:Males, minimum rate......................................................Females, minimum rate...................................... ...........

Company B:Bake shop :

Machinemen.................... ...............................................Sweet or sponge head mixers, ovenmen, peelers, sponge

relief men..... ................................................................Rollermen, mixers. ..........................................................Dough feeders-............................................................... .Mixers’ helpers............................................................... .Pan greasers, sponge-oven helpers................ ...................General help—

First month.............................................................. .2 to 6 months................—___________________7 to 12 months......................................................... .Thereafter-..................... ......... ................................ .

Packing doormen:Wrapping and labeling machinemen. ............................ .Head caser and paper cutting-machine operators.............Wrapping- and labeling-machine helpers, scalers........... .

Basement:Lard men, warehouse assistant foremen...........................Stock clerks.............................. ........................-...........

Icing room—Jelly, cream, and icing mixers, machinemen-----Jelly, cream, and icing mixers’ helpers, marshmallow

men, scalers.............. ............ .......................................General help (packing floor, basement, and icing room)—

First month...............................................................2 to 6 months.......... ..................................................7 to 12 months.................................................... .....Thereafter...................................................... ............

Female employees—First month................................................. ...........2 to 6 months.......................................... .................7 to 12 months..........................................................Thereafter.............................................. - ..................


$0,975 401.050 401.013 40.880 40.955 40.918 40.825 40.900 40

1.000 401.050 40.880 40.875 40


T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities9 June I, 1942, and June l , 1941— Continued


June 1,, 1942 June 1,, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Des Moines, IowaBread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen..................... .......................................................... $0,802

. 71048 $0,729

.64648

Journeymen_____________________ ______ . ________ 48 48Helpers________________________________ ____________ .642 48 .583 48

Machine shops:Foremen, working...................................... ....... .................. 1.000 40 .875 40Dough mixers, ovenmen.................. ...................................... .900 40 .775 40Benchmen...._.................. ................................... ........... ...... .800 40 .725 40Machinemen_______________________ ________________ .800 40 .675 40Helpers, wrappers, stockroom men—

1 to 6 months_____________________________________ .550 407 to 12 months............... ......................................... ......... .600 40Thereafter. ........ ............................................................. .650 40

Crackers and cookies:Mixing and baking department:

Head mixers________________ _ ____ _____ ______ .915 40Machinemen__________________ _ ........................ .... .855 40Mixers_____ _________>_________ ________________ .820 40Reliefmen, peelers.......................... ...................................... .805 40Bakers ............................ ....... ... ................................ .785 40Drawmen______________ ______________ _____ 1______ .750 40Rollermen____________________________ ______ _______ .690 40Stackers_______________________ . ______________ _ .680 40Pan passers, floormen................................. .... ............. ....... .670 40

Packing 'department:Floormen _________________________________________ .600 40Sponge packers______________ _____ _____ ___________ .550 40Machine feeders, sample-room attendants, bundlers, carton

formers___________________________________________ .500 40Miscellaneous workers____ ___________ _______________ .450 40

Shipping and receiving department:Order clerks_________________________________________ .750 40Helpers ____________________________________________ .600 40Extra help _______________________________________ .550 40

Detroit, Mich.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Mixers, senior bakers_____________________________________ .900 40 .825 40Mixers’ helpers__________________________________________ .875 40 .775 40Bakers, dividers, twisters, ovenmen’s helpers________________ .850 40 .775 40Stockmen, flour blenders. ............... .. _______________ .850 40 .725 40Make-up helpers, wrappers, shipping clerks___ _____________ .800 40 .725 40Pan cleaners __________________________________________ .800 40 .680 40Wrapper girls; bakers’ helpers, female; friedcake helpers________ .650 40 .575 40Bread only—Agreement A:

Mixers, ovenmen __________________ __________ ______ .950 47 .850 47Blenders, scalers, dividers, molders, mixers’ helpers, bench-

men, oven feeders, dumpers................. .............................. .850 47 .750 47Checkers ____________________________________________ .800 47 .710 47Molders helpers, pan rackers, pan greasers, wrapping-ma

chine men _______________________________________ .800 47 .700 47Bread rackers, wrappers, packers, male twisters___________ .750 47 .650 47Stockroom men___ _________________________________ .700 47 .600 47Female employees:

Twisters______ _________________________________ .670 47 .600 47Rackers_________________________________________ .670 47 .550 47Wrappers ______________________________________ .550 47 .500 47Bun wrappers___ ________________________________ .550 47 .480 47

Bread only—Agreement B:Mixers - ______________ .950 44■Rpnehmen __________________________ .900 44Flour blenders, ingredientmen, mixers’ helpers, dividers,

molders even feeders, dumpers _ _ _ _ _ _ .850 44Pan rackers greasers, wrapping-machine set-up m en____ .800 44Thread rackers, wrappers _______________________ .750 44

Cake only—Agreement A:Mixers, ovenmen _ ______________________ -__________ .970 44 .850 44Icing mixers, depositors, scalers ___________________ .970 44Dough mixers, despositors’ helpers, oven helpers, dumpers..Packers male _ ________________________

.820 44

.810 44Icing-machine operators pan greasers, cutters .790 44Btockmeu, miscellaneous help _ ___________________ .750 44Female icers and wrappers...................................................... .610 44




June 1, 1942 June 1,1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Detroit, Mich.—ContinuedBread and cake—Machine shops—Continued.

Cake only—Agreement B:Ingredient scalers, dough and icing mixers, depositors, oven-

men___________________________________ __ ________ $0,870 44Cookers___ ________ ____________ ___________________ .850 44Oven helpers, dumpers_________________ ____________ .770 44Pan greasers.____2______________________ ____________ .720 44Pan washers____________________________ ____________ .700 44Packers—

Rate A....................... ..................................................... .850 44Rate B...... .......... .............................. .......... .................. .820 44Rate C______________________ _ _ _____ .750 44Rate D _______ ____________ ____ _ __________ .700 44Rate E.......................... ................................. ................. .650 44

Female employees:Decorators, icers, wrappers____ ___ _ _ _______ .600 44Cake-shop help. _ V __________ . . _________ .550 44Sweet yeast and cake wrappers .500 44

Sweet goods only:Dough mixers_________________ _____________ _________ .950 47 $0,850 47Reetoven helpers____________________________________ .900 47 .800 47B e n c h m e n ____________________ _________________ .900 47 .750 47Flour blenders, scalers, icing mixers, depositors, dividers____ .850 47 .750 47Pan greasers_______ 2___T.......... _.l__________________ .800 47 .700 47Female employees:

Panners_________________________________________ .600 47 .550 47Dumpers................................. ...................................... .600 47 .530 47Rackers, icers. wrappers_________________ __________ .550 47 .450 47

Pie and pastry:Company A:

Oven men. bakers, mixers, cake mixers (Rnstnn cream) .850 40Cooks, tart peelers, tart leaders, bench leaders............... ....... .800 40Scalers, pie-dough mixers, doughnut friers, wrapping-ma

chine operators.................... ................................ ............... .750 40Miscellaneous male employees________ _ _ _ _________ .700 40Female employees—

1 to 2 months _ _ ........ .430 403 to 6 months________________________ ___ . . . . .450 407 to 12 months____________________________________ .470 4013 to 24 months__________________________________ .550 40Thereafter......................... ......................... .................. .570 40

Companies B and C:Cookers_____________ ___________ __________________ .830 48Ovenmen, mixers................ .......................................... ....... .750 48Shop helpers........................................................................... .700 48Female employees:

Machine operators_____ __________________________ .540 48Wrappers________________________________________ .500 48

Hebrew baking:First hands—

1 oven............ .................. ......................................... ............ 1.511 »37^ 1.378 452 ovens_____________________________________________ 1.566 ®37 H 1.422 45

Cake bakers.................................................................................. 1.511 •37^ 1.378 45Second hands........................ ........................................ ............... 1.444 ®37^ 1.311 45Helpers........................................................ ................... ............ .889 »37H .756 45

Polish baking:First hands, ovenmen, mixers..................................................... H 1.188 48 1.083 48Second dough mixers........ .............................................. ............ 1.083 48 .979 48Second hands or benchmen.......................................................... 1.021 48 .917 48Third hands.................................................................................. .625 48 .521 48

Crackers and cookies:Company A—Baking department:

Machine captains........................................... ....... ............... 1.000 40 .900 40Peelers______________________________________________ .950 40 .850 40Sponge or sweet mixers _ . _ _ .940 40 .840 40Sponge bakers__________ _____________ ________ _______ .930 40 .830 40Sponge rollermen, sweet-oven men, oven firemen _ ___ .920 40 .820 40Sponge drawmen................. .......................... ......................... .900 40 .800 40Flour dumpers, assemblymen..... _ _ _ _ _ ___ . _ ____ .850 40 .750 40Ritz mixers______ _______________ ________ ___________ .840 40 .740 40Stackers, pan cleaners, Ritz rollermen—................................. .800 40 .700 40Pan feeders_______________ ______ ___________________ .770 40 .670 40Sweet mixers' helpers, mixers' helpers.................................... .750 40 .650 40




'T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June 1, 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued


Detroit, Mich— ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Continued.

Company A—Icing department:Mixers...................................................................................Floormen, foreladies.... ...........................................................Working supervisors............. ................................................Machine operators................................................................Icing packers...........................................................................Clerks, other help........ .........................................................

Company A—Packing department:Working supervisors, male.....................................................Machine set-up men...............................................................Foreladies......................... ................................................. .Floormen....................... —Assistant foreladies—................ ............ ..................................Sponge packers working supervisors, female..........................-Head carton-formers, machine operators______ __________Sweet packers; hand carton-formers; “ Q” formers and stitch

ers; weighers and closers; bundlers, hand; cripple pickers; filling-machine operators; sealers and weighers; sweepers; staplers; container fillers; samplers; tare and weight clerks..

Company B:Mixers................................................................................... -Female employees—

First month........... ...........................................................2 to 6 months....................................................................7 to 12 months..................................................................Thereafter......... ..............................................................

Company C:Male help, pan greasers and cleaners, mixers’ helpers.............Female employees—

Packers, wrappers............................................................Pan feeders............................. .........................................

Duluth, Minn.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

Day work:Foremen.................................................................................Dough mixers, ovenmen.........................................................Bench hands...........................................................................Helpers—

1 to 150 days.....................................................................151 to 300 days....... ..........................................................301 to 600 days..................................................................Thereafter.................. .....................................................

Night work:Foremen............................................................................... .Dough mixers, ovenmen.........................................................Helpers.................... .............................................................

Bread and cake—Machine shops:Day work:

Foremen, working............... ..................................................Dough mixers, ovenmen........................................................Shipping foremen.................................. ..............................Bench hands, doughnut-machine operators...........................Machinemen...... ...................................................................Traveling-oven loaders..........................................................Stockmen, receiving clerks.......— .......................................Wrapping-machine operators, bread panners, twisters, ship

ping clerks, truck unloaders...............................................Foreladies..............................................................................Hand wrappers, packers:

1 to 100 days....................................................................Thereafter......... ..............................................................

Dishwashers............. ....... ...................................................Helpers—

1 to 150 days....................................................................151 to 300 days.................................................................301 to 600 days.................................................................Thereafter.......................................................................

June 1, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.950 40.750 40.660 40.650 40.630 40.620 40.850 40.800 40.780 40.750 40.680 40.660 40.650 40

.640 40

.850 40

.400 40

.450 40

.470 40

.520 40

.600 40

.470 . 40

.400 40

.945 i«44

.841 16 44

. 795 I644

.514 1644

.559 I644

.632 1644

.668 I644

1.014 1644.909 1644.736 I644

1.055 40.940 40.940 40. 890 40.825 40.825 40.790 40.760 40.660 40.530 40.590 40.548 40.580 40.630 40.710 40.750 40

See footnotes at end o f table (p. 61 ).

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.850 .650 .560 .550

40404040

.520

.700

.680

.540 40

.985

.870

.755

40404040


T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities, June I, 1942, and June 1, 1941— Continued

BAKING INDUSTRY 29

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Duluth, Minn.—ContinuedBread and cake—Machine shops—Continued.

Night work:Foremen, working___________________________________ $1.130 40 $1.060 40Dough mixers, nvemripn .. „, __ , 1.015 40 .945 40Bench hands. 1_______________________________________ .965 40 .895 40Machinemen.__________ ___________________ ______ ____ .900 40 .830 40Wrapping-machine operators _________________________ .835 40Helpers-^

Rate A_ _ . _ _____ .825 40 .755 40Rate B __ , .705 40

Pie and pastry:Fruit cookers _________________ __________________ .825 40Bakers____________ __________ __ ___________________ .750 40Female employees, night____ ____ _ ____________________ .575 40Helpers__! * _ _____ __ __ ___<______________ .550 40

Female employees, day—Rate A________________ ___________________________ .475 40Rate B ______________ ________ __ __________ ____ .400 40

Crackers and cookies:Daywor :

Foremen._____________ _ __ ______ _ _ __ ______ 1.038 40Experienced male employees __ ______ __ __ ______ .838 40Inexperienced male employees ______ _ _ _ _ _ ______ .788 40Foreladies .588 40Female employees—

First year .488 40After 1 year. . _ _ .513 40

Night work:Experienced male employees___________________________ .913 40Inexperienced male employees .863 40Female employees __ __________ ___ .588 40

Houston, Tex.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen................................................................................ .938 48 .844 48Doueh mixers, ovenmen_____ _ _ .792 48 .677 48Benchmen____ _____________________________________ .750 48 .635 48

Machine shops—Agreement A:Forex, n_________ ____________ ___________ ______ ___ 1.071 42 .964 42Dough mixers, ovenmen, spongers _ ___ _ _ _ _ .905 42 .774 42Benchmen, machinemen....................................................... . .857 42 .726 42Counters, checkers.____ _____________________________ .833 42 .726 42Oven dumpers, oven loaders, peel-oven helpers __ _____ . .786 42 .679 42Wrappers..................................................................... ......... .738 42 .643 42Pan rackers, bread rackers _ __ __ _ _ __ .726 42 .631 42Weigh-up men................ ........................................................ .667 42 .583 42

Machine shops—Agreement B:Foremen _ . . . _ _ 1.023 44 .920 44Dough mixers, ovenmen, spongers _ _ .864 44 .739 44Benchmen, machinemen .818 44 .693 44Counters, checkers_______________________ ___________ .795 44 .693 44Oven dumpers, oven loaders, peel-oven helpers .750 44 .648 44Wrappers........ ...................................................................... .705 44 .614 44Pan rackers, bread rackers .693 44 .602 44

Indianapolis, Ind.Bread and cake:

Hand shops—Bread only:Foremen _ _________ ___ _ _ .656 48 .625 48First hands ____ . .613 48 .583 48Second hands. __ _ .. . __ ... . .. . .503 48 .479 48Helpers....................... .......................................................... .372 48 .354 48

Machine shops:Mixers . . . _ _ _ _ _r ... .825 40 .750 44Molders, dividers. . . . .803 40 .730 44Stockroom men _____ _ . _ .800 40 .727 44Traveling-oven men . __ _ _ _ . .770 40 .700 44Mixers’ helpers................. ................ .... .................. ............. .693 40 .630 44Wrapping- and slicing-machine operators, bread rackers____ .682 40 .620 44Bake-shop helpers_______________________ ____________ .638 40 .580 44Bread only—Company A:

Mixers........ .................................................................... .900 W40See footnotes at end of table (p. 61).



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the B akery Trades in Selected Cities,June I , 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued


Indianapolis, Ind.—ContinuedBread and cake—Continued.

Machine shops—Continued.Bread only—Company A—Continued.

Ovenmen, machinemen....................................................Wrapping-machine operators............................................Helpers.............................................................................Wrapping-machine helpers...............................................

Bread only—Company B:Mixers................... ...................................................... .Oven feeders, dumpers, bench hands, machine hands___Slicers, head wrappers............................... .................... .Assistant head checkers..................................... ........... .Wrappers, packers....................................................... .Bake-shop helpers.......................................................... .Flour dumpers..................................................................

Bread only—Company C:Scalers..............................................................................Dividers, ovenmen............................................. .............Mixers.............. ......................................................... .Molder-machine men........................................ .............Twisters...........................................................................Helpers........................................................................ .Shipping-room employees.................................................

Bread only—Company D:Dough mixers...................................................................Ovenmen, dividers, molders, oven dumpers....................Mixers’ helpers.......................................................... .Wrapping-machine operators............... ...........................Helpers, rackers, greasers, reliefmen.................................

Bread only—Company E:Mixers______________________ ____________________Molders, dividers........................................................... .Stockroom men........ ................ ......................................Traveling-oven men.............................................. ..........Mixers’ helpers............................................. .......... .........Bread rackers.................................................. ................Bake-shop helpers............ .............................................Wrapping- ana slicing-machine operators........................

Bolls only:Dough mixers...................................................................Ovenmen........................................................................Bench hands...................................................................Helpers........ ........................................ ...........................leers and wrappers—

Rate A.......................................................................Rate B.__...................................................................

Cake only—Company A:Mixers............................................................................Bench hands, oven hands, pastry mixers.........................Doughnut-machine operators........................................Pan boys, helpers.............................................................Wrappers, icers................................................................

Cake only—Company B:Mixers.............................................................................Ovenmen.............. .........................................................Bench hands, machine hands..........................................General helpers, stockmen, pan washers..........................Icers and wrappers—

Rate A...................................................................... .Rate B......................... ...........................................

Cake only—Company C:Ingredient scalers, mixers, icing mixers, depositors, oven

men, wrapping-machine operators............................... .Depositors’ helpers..... ................................................... .Dumpers, helpers, shipping-room employees.................. .Female employees........................................................... .

Jacksonville, Fla.Bread—Machine shops:

Head ovenmen.......Mixers...................Dividers, wrappers. Molders..................

June 1,, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0,860 17 40.800 1*40.700 17 40.680 17 40.900 40.850 40.800 40.800 40.750 40.700 40.650 40.850 40.825 40.800 40.775 40.675 40.660 40.640 40.830 40.810 40.810 40.740 40.650 40.825 40.803 40.800 40.770 40.693 40.682 40.638 40.628 40.830 40.810 40.780 40.700 40.550 40.500 40

1.000 40.850 40.750 40.700 40.575 40.830 40.810 40.750 40.590 40.550 40.500 40

.750 40

.675 40

.625 40

.400 40

.800 40

.775 40

.750 40

.700 40See footnotes at end o f table (p. 61).

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0,850.750.750.700.655.655.600.750.725.700.675.575

4040

.540

.750

.730

.700

.750

.730

.700

.600

.450

.4501.000.750.650.700.550.750.730.675.550.450.450

650.575.300

.600

.550

.550 ssss

$$

$$

$$

$

$$

$$

$$

......

......

......

ss

sss

ss


BAKING INDUSTRY 31T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,

June Z, 1942, and June 2, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1,1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Jacksonville, Fla—ContinuedBread—Machine shops—Continued.

Roll-machine operators, benchmen_____________________ ____ $0,700.575

40Greasers * ____ _________________ ________________ 40 $0,450

.45040

Paimers, rackers________________________________________ .550 40 40Panners, female_________________________________________ .450 40

Cake—Machine shops:Mixers * _ _________-______ _________________ .775 40 .600 40Combination depositors and oven operators................... ............. .775 40 .550 40Doughnut mixers and operators____________________________ .775 40 .500 40Checkers __ ________ *__________________________________ .725 40 .500 40Selectors_______________________________________________ .625 40Foreladies _ - ________________________________________ .525 40 .450 40Wrapping-machine catchers, carton men____________________ .500 40 .450 40leers* and wrappers, female_______________________ _________ .450 40 .375 40Cutters........**__I______________________________________ .450 40 .325 40

Kansas City, Mo.Bread—Machine Shops:

Day work:Foremen____________________________________________ 1.113 40 1.063 40Ovenmen, drawers, mixers, spongers____________________ 1.025 40 .975 40Bench hands___ ____________ ___________ ____________ .963 40 .913 40Wrappers, ingredientmen, icing makers, checkers__________ .650 40 .600 40OtheYmale help______________________________________ .575 40 .525 40Female help........... ............. ....... ............. .......................... .500 40 .450 40

Night work:Foremen____________ _____-__________________________ 1.238 40 1.188 40Ovenmen, drawers, mixers, spongers........... .......................... 1.150 40 1.100 40Bench hands_________________________________________ 1.088 40 1.038 40

Hebrew baking:18Foremen ___________________________________________ .942 48 .856 48Mixers, ovenmen, drawers________________________________ .885 48 .788 48Bench hands _____ ___________ _________________________ .837 48 .740 48Wrapping-room workers________-_________________________ .592 48


Head mixers_________________________________________ 1.020 44 .820 44Icing-room men______________________________________ .875 44 .580 44Rollftrmp.n . ....... . . _ .795 44 .625 44Ovenmen _ _________________________________________ .775 44 .560 44Mixers’ helpers____________________ _____________ ____ i*. 725 44 .580 44Caddy-machine operators, icing-machine operators, stock

boys______________________________________________ .650 44 .500 44Cracker packers.............. ....................................................... 20.475 44 .380 44Female wrappers and bundlers_________________________ *1.445 44 .370 44

Company B—Sweet baking:Machinemen________________________________________ .925 40 .850 40Mixers ___________________________________________ .900 40 .800 40Ovenmen___________________________________________ .800 40 .750 40Oven helpers________________________________________ .770 40 .720 40Mixers’ helpers_____________________ _________________ .750 40 .700 40Reliefmen, dough feeders______________________________ .700 40 .650 40Pan feeders, pan greasers________ ______ ______ ______ _ .650 40 .600 40Fig grinders_________________________________________ .620 40 .570 40Cookie packers_______________________________________ .580 40 .480 40Graham packers_____________________________________ .580 40 .500 40

Company B—Sponge baking:Machinemen, head night mixers________________________ .900 40 .850 40Peelermen_____ _____________________________________ .845 40 .770 40Ovenmen, head sponge-mixers__________________________ .800 40 .750 40Rollermen__________________________________________ .795 10 .740 40Relief rollermen______________________________________ 22.790 40 22.740 40Ovenmen’s helpers___________________ _______ ________ .770 40 .675 40Night mixers, helpers, sponge helpers, oven firemen________ .750 40 .700 40Cracker packers:

1-pound cartons___________________________________ .625 40 .550 40Other size cartons. _______________________________ .600 40 .525 40

Sack cleaners, floormen________________________________ .600 40 .550 40Company C—Sweet and sponge departments:

Head mixers . ______________________________________ .945 40Machine captains................................................................... .925 40 .850 40




T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June I, 1942, and June 1, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1,1941

City, type of baking, and occupation Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

Kansas City, Mo.—ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Continued

Company C—Sweet and sponge departments—Continued.$0,875 40 $0,830 40

.845 40 .780 40

.845 40 .750 40

.825 40 .670 40Rollermen/sponge and sweet drawers, cuttermen_________ .795 40 .720 40

.795 40 .670 40

.755 40 .670 40Tcinc bAijws .695 40 .6.50 40

.695 40 .620 40Working supervisors__________________________________ .695 40 .600 40Flour dumpers._____________________________________ .675 40 .670 40Pan cleaners, conveyormen . _ _ r. .675 40 .600 40Other female help _ _ _ . _ __ .535 40 .460 40

Company C—Cone department:Bakers, machine captains . . . . . . . . . . .795 40 .720 40

.745 40 .670 40Packers___________________________ „________________ .675 40 .590 40

Company C—Packing department:.695 40 .620 40

Sponge packers, other female help _ . . . . .. _ .555 40 .480 40.555 40

Little Rock, Ark.Bread and cake:

Machine shops—Bread only:Foremen____________________________________________ .960 48 .835 48Miners, ovenmen___ . . __ .860 40 .750 40Head checkers , __ . . . . . . .860 48 .750 48Dividers____________________________________________ .800 40 .700 40Benchmen, molding-machine operators. ________________ .750 40 .650 40Stockroom clerks_____________________________________ .700 40 .625 40Wrapping-machine operators _ _ _ _ .700 40 .600 40Assistant-checkers . . . . . _ . .700 48 .600 48Helpers—First, fi months . _ __ _ _ . .500 40 .450 * 40

Thereafter . _ . . . . . . . _ r ,... . 600 40 .500 40Semimachine shops—Cake only:Foremen .. . _ _ . _ _ .720 48 .620 48

Mixers______________________________________________ .720 40 .620 40Oven men, scalers, ingredientmen _ .630 40 .550 40Floorladies ________________________________________ .500 40 .450 40leers, wrappers, pan girls, packers, checkers, boxers__ .400 40 .350 40

Los Angeles, Calif.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Bread only—Day work:Foremen___ ______ _________________________________ 1.225 40 1.125 40Dough mixers, ovenmen__________________ _____ _____ 1.150 40 1.050 40Machine hands, bench hands, wrapping and shipping fore

men_________________________________ . __ 1.050 40 .950 40Dough mixers’ helpers, doughnutmen, twisters, panners,

oven dumpers.._____________________ ______ _ ____ 1.000 40 .900 40Oven feeders, ingredientmen, machinemen, checkers, receiv

ing and shipping clerks______________ ______ _______ .950 40 .850 40Machine helpers, bench helpers, flour dumpers, bread rackers,

hand wrappers_________________ ___________________ .900 40 .800 40Conveyormen, toilers, bun sheers, packers...... __ - _ .825 40 .725 40Pan washers and greasers _ r _ .775 40 .675 40

Bread only—Night work:Foremen____________________________________________ 1.275 40 1.175 40Dough mixers, ovenmen _________________ _____ _ ____ 1.200 40 1.100 40Machine hands, bench hands, shipping and wrapping fore

men______________________________________________ 1.100 40 1.000 40Dough mixers’ helpers, doughnutmen, twisters, panners,

oven dumpers___________ _____ ________________ ____ 1.050 40 .950 40Ingredientmen, oven feeders, shipping and wrapping clerks,

checkers, machinemen....... ............. _ _ _....... - .......... .......... 1.000 40 .900 40Machine helpers, bench helpers, flour dumpers, bread rackers,

hand wrappers_____________________________________ .950 40 .850 40Conveyors, toilers, sliners, packers. _ _ _______ .875 40 .775 40Pan washers and greasers....................................................... .825 40 .725 40


BAKING INDUSTRY 33T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the B akery Trades in Selected Cities,


June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Los Angeles, Calif— ContinuedBread and cake—Machine shops—Continued.

Cake only—Day work: $1,050 40Foremen...................... .......................................................... $1,150 40Ovenmen. __.......... ....... ....... .............................. .................. 1.075 40 .975 40Bench hands............................ ................. .............. ............ 1.050 40 .950 40Mixers, icing mixers______ ______________ ________ _____ .975 40 .875 40Shipping-room foremen, receiving and shipping clerks........... .950 40 .850 40Ingredient scalers............. ..................................................... .925 40 .825 40Machine operators, depositors............................................... .900 40 .800 40Checkers...................... .......... ........................ ...................... .850 40 .750 40Oven helpers, auxiliary workers............................................. .775 40 .675 40Pan washers, unskilled labor, packers, helpers......................Female employees:

Foreladies_______________ ________________________.725 40 .625 40.775 40 .675 40

leers, machine wrappers.......................... ................... .Other experienced help.....................................................

.600 40 .500 40

.575 40 .475 40Inexperienced help............................................................

Cake only—Night work:.525 40 .425 40

Foremen. ................................................................................ 1.200 40 1.100 40Ovenmen............................ .......... ...................................... 1.125 40 1.025 40Bench hands........ .................................................................. 1.100 40 1.000 40 *Mixers, icing mixers..... .......................................................... 1.025 40 .925 40Ingredien t scalers........................ .......................................... .975 40 .875 40Machine operators, depositors................................................ .950 40 .850 40Checkers................................................................................ .900 40 .800 40Oven helpers, auxiliary workers................. ........................... .825 40 .725 40Pan washers, unskilled labor, packers, helpers..... ..................Female employees:

.775 40 .675 40Foreladies____________________ ___________________ .825 40 .725 40leers, wrapping-machine operators................................... .650 40 .550 40Other experienced help..................................................... .625 40 .525 40Inexperienced help............................................................

Hebrew baking:.575 40 .475 40

First bands . , . , - ___ 1.500 9 37*$ 1.400 *37*4Second hands.......... ............ .........................................................

Latin hand shops:Day work:

1.367 9 37)4 1.267 9 37*4

Foremen, ovenmen, mixers..................................................... .875 48 .875 48Mixers or ovenmen under foremen---------------------------------- .792 48 .792 48Benchmen_____________________________________ _____ .708 48 .708 48Machine operators, hand wrappers, checkers, shipping clerks. .615 48 .615 48Shipping-room helpers............................................................Other helpers—

.583 48 .583 48First year......................... ................................................ .542 48 .542 48Thereafter.................................. ......................................

Night work:.604 48 .604 48

Foremen, ovenmen, mixers..................................................— .896 48 .896 48Ovenmen or mixers under foremen......................................... .813 48 .813 48Benchmen___________________________________ _____—_ .729 48 .729 48Machine operators, hand wrappers, checkers, shipping clerks. .635 48 .635 48Shipping-room helpers............................................................Other helpers—

.604 48 .604 48First year.......................................................................... .563 48 .563 48Thereafter.........................................................................

Crackers and cookies:Hand shops:

.625 48 .625 48

Foremen, working....... ........................................................... .850 40 .850 40Mixers _____________________________________________ .800 40 .800 40Mixers’ helpers---------------------------- ----------------- --------- — .700 40 .700 40Reel-oven men..................................... ........ ....... .................Traveling-oven feeders, traveling take-out men, drop cookie-

.650 40 .650 40machine operators___________________________________ .625 40 .625 40

Machine feeders, machine take-out men................................. .600 40 .600 40Other male help— .................................................................Female employees:

.550 40 .550 40Floorladies or key girls.....................................................Other employees—

.500 40 .500 401 to 3 months............................................................. .380 40 .380 404 to 6 months.................................................... - ....... .400 40 .400 40Thereafter_____________ ___________ ___________

Machine shops—Agreement A:.440 40 .440 40

Machinemen, head mixers. .................................................... 1.033 40 1.033 40Peelers, ovenmen, reliefmen.................................................... .983 40 .983 40Rollermen. ..... ....... ........... ..................... ....... .................... .918 40 .918 40Sponge-oven helpers, mixers’ helpers....................................

See footnotes at end of table (p. 61)..885 40 .885 40



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and H ours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities?June I , 2942, and June 2, 1941— Continued


Los Angeles, Calif.—ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Continued.

Machine shops—Agreement A—Continued.Icing mixers, wax and cellophane wrapping-machine men___Miscellaneous helpers in baking department, sugar-wafer

and icing helpers, pan greasers, pan feeders, sweet-doughfeeders, traveling-oven feeders, assemblymen......................

Packing supervisors............. ...................................................Stackers, shippers, receivers—.................................................Truckers and general help......................................................Female employees:

Supervisors........................................................ .............Weighers, carton formers, wrappers, cellophane bag-

machine operators, sugar-wafer spreaders, sample girls, relief girls, sponge packers, sponge stackers, sticthing-machine operators__________________ ____________

Can renovators, icing and sugar-wafer girls, sweet packers, sugar-wafer oven girls...................................... .......

Machine shops—Agreement B:Dough mixers, machinemen..................................................Foremen, working (packing department) ...............................Peelers, ovenmen, reliefmen....................................................Sheetermen.................................... ...................... .................Sponge-machine feeders, rollermen, mixers’ helpers................Wrapping-machine set-up men______ ___________________Sweet-oven helpers, icing helpers, sweet-dough feeders,

pan greasers, dusters and feeders, oven-travelers, assemblymen, spray-machine operators, warehousemen, supervisors.

Receivers, stackers, wrapping-machine helpers, packing- floor supervisors, dough feeders’ helpers, oven-feedertravelers...............................................................................

Female employees:Foreladies__________________________________ _____Key girls........................................................ ..................Carton and caddy formers, machine fillers, sponge

bundlers, sponge relief-girls, sponge packers, sponge stackers, all sponge-machine operators, stitching-ma-chine operators, stackers, breakers, closers___________

Cellophane bag-machine operators, icing and sugar-wafer girls, sweet packers, sweet weighers......... .....................

Louisville, Kg.Bread—Machine shops:

Company A:Dough mixers........... ....................... ......................................Proof box-oven operators, batchmen..... ..................................Utilitymen................. ...........................................................Head packers, checkers...... ...................................................Divider operators....................................................................Roll-machine divider operators— ......................................... .Oven dumpers......................................... ..............................Molder operators, oven feeders...............................................Wrapping-machine operators.................................................Roll-machine divider helpers................... .............................Twisters, molders’ helpers, flour blenders..............................Wrapping-machine operators’ helpers..................... ..............Wrapping-machine helpers..... ................................................Pan greasers, packers..............................................................Bread rackers:

Rate A.................................................. — .....................Rate B........... ..................................................................

Bakery help............................................................................Pan rackers................................................. ..........................Part-time bakery help............................................................Inexperienced helpers.................................... ........................

Company B:Head mixers............................................................................Mixers, ovenmen...... ............................................................Machinemen, head checkers, male wrapper operators........Feeders, dumpers.............. ....................... ...........................Male helpers, assistant wrapping-machine men......................Extra male employees.............. .............................................Female employees...................................................................

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

$0,870 40 $0,870 40*

.820 40 .820 40

.800 40 .800 40

.770 40 .770 40

.683 40 .683 40

.580 40 .580 40

.545 40 .545 40

.508 40 .508 40

.903 40 .903 40

.900 40 .900 40

.853 40 .853 40

.820 40 .820 40

.788 40 .788 40

.740 40 .740 40

.700 40 .700 40

.625 40 .625 40

.565 40 .565 40

.500 40 .500 40

.478 40 .478 40

.450 40 .450 40

.938 40 .863 40

.925 40 .850 40

.900 40 .800 40

.850 40 .775 40

.825 40 .750 40

.825 40

.800 40 .725 40

.775 40 .700 40

.775 40 .675 40

.775 40

.725 40 .650 40

.725 40 .625 40

.700 40 .650 40

.700 40 .625 40

.700 40 .625 40

.675 40 .550 40

.675 40 .650 40

.675 40

.550 40 .550 40

.550 40 .500 40

.835 40 .770 40

.820 40 .755 40

.760 40 .695 40

.730 40 .665 40

.650 40 .585 40

.500 40 .500 40

.485 40 .440 40


BAKING INDUSTRY 35T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f W ages and H ours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,


June 1,1942 June 1,1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Madison, Wis.Bread—Machine shops:

Foremen, -working........................................ ............................... $1,050 48 $0,938 48Ovenmeh---........ ............... ......................................................... .963 40 .838 40Dough mixers, sponge mixers....................................................... .938 40 .838 40Machinemen.l. _ _ T........... ......................................................... .910 40 813 40Bench hands................................................................................ .878 40 .784 40Helpers............................................ ............................................ .728 40 .675 40Shippers, wrappers...... .............. ................... ................ ............ .700 40 .600 40

Cake—Machine shops:Ovenmen...................................................................................... .863 40 .750 40Mixers............................ ............................................................ .863 40 .784 40Doughnut-machine operators........................................................ .728 40 .663 40

Manchester, N. H.Bread and pastry—Hand shops:

Foremen, mixers................................... ....................................... .833 48 .792 48Second hands.......... .......................................................... ........... .729 48 .688 48Bench hands________________ ___________________________ .667 48 .625 48

Memphis, Tenn.Bread and cake:

Combination hand and machine shops:Foremen............. .................................................................... .978 44 .889 44Mixers, spongers, ovenmen............................... .................... .741 44 .674 44Bun-oven men..l____________________________________ .696 44 .609 44Dividermen_____________________________ ________ 657 44 .598 44Machinemen__ _______ _________________ ___ _____ .609 44 .544 44Wrapping-machine men............... ........................... ............. .598 44 .568 44Helpers—

1 to 6 months................................................................ .435 44 .391 447 to 12 months__................................................. ............ .478 44 .435 44Thereafter_________________________ _____________ .598 44 .455 44

Bread only:Foremen________________________________________ .924 44 .805 44Ovenmen_________________________ ______________ .741 44 .674 44Bun-oven men_______________________ . . . . .696 44 .609 44Dividermen_________________________ _ ___ . .658 44 .598 44Machinemen___________ __________________ __ .609 44 .544 44Wrapping-machine operators_______________________ .598 44 .568 44Bun wrappers and packers, male........... ............. ............ .502 44 .432 44Helpers—

1 to 6 months. __________________________ _____ .435 44 .391 447 to 12 months________________________________ .478 44 .435 44Thereafter.................................................................. .502 44 .455 44

Machine shops—Bread only:Foremen ______________________________ 1.206 40 1.125 40Mixers, spongers, ovenmen_____________________________ .934 40 .853 40Bun-oven men_______________________________________ .909 40 .800 40Ingredient scalers_____________________________________ .909 40Dividermen_________________________________________ .838 40 .756 40Machinemen________ ______________________________ .781 40 .700 40Wrapping-machine operators___________________________ .781 40 .688 40Pan dumpers __________ _ .781 40Checkers _______________________________________ .769 40Roll pan-dumpers . _ ______________________________ .725 40Bun wrappers and packers_____________________________ .646 40 .578 40Helpers—

1 to 6 months _________ :_______________________ .525 40 .500 407 to 12 months_____ ______________________________ .588 40 .550 40Thereafter. _ _____ ____________________________ .646 40 .578 40

Crackers and cookies:Cracker-baking department:

TTead mixers _ __ _ ______________ _ .975 40 .900 40Machine captains____________________________________ .915 40 .840 40Assemblymen, sponge setters___________________________ .875 40 ‘ .800 40Ovenmen. ______________________________ -__________ .845 40 .770 40Peelers ________________________________________ .835 40 .760 40Roll Arm an __ ...____________________________________ .805 40 .730 40Drawmen . _ _________________________ .775 40 .700 40Assemblymen’s helpers__________________ _____________ .725 40 .650 40Mixers’ assistants _____________________ ________ ____ .705 40 .630 40Mixers’ helpers______________________________________ .675 40 .600 40Foreladies, packing___________________________________ .635 40 .560 40Supervisors, female___________________________________ .605 40 .530 40Packers, female....................................................................... .545 40 .470 40


T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities» June I, 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued



June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

Memphis, Term—ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Continued.

Cookie-baking department:Mixers______________________________________________ $0,925 40 $0,850 40Machine captains................................................................... .905 40 .830 40Peelers____ ___________ ______ ______________ ________ .835 40 .760 40Ovenmen, rollermen............................................................... .805 40 .730 40Ovenmen’s helpers.................................................................. .735 40 .660 40Pan greasers, helpers............................................................... .625 40 .550 40Packers................................................................................... .515 40 .440 40Cookie-icing department:Icing mixers............................................................................ .825 40 .750 40Machine operators................................................................. .725 40 .650 40Supervisors, female................................................................. .625 40 .550 40Other female help................................................................... .525 40 .450 40

Cone department:Bakers_____________________________________________ .775 40 .700 40Mixers______________________________________________ .725 40 .650 40Assistant mixers, assistant bakers........................................... .655 40 .580 40Packers................................................................................... .605 40 .530 40Shipping department:First car loader....................................................................... .825 40 .750 40Head warehousemen............................................................... .775 40 .700 40W arehousemen....................................................................... .705 40 .630 40Assemblymen........................................................................ .675 40 .600 40Second car-loader.................................................................... .655 40 .580 40

Milwaukee, Wis.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen, working.................................................................. .821 48 .771 48First bakers ..... ....... ........... ............................................... .717 48 .667 48Second bakers.................... .................................................... .675 48 .625 48Third bakers........................................................................... .633 .48 .583 48Helpers.................................................................................. 571 48 .521 48

Machine shops:Foremen, working.............................................................. . .975 40 .925 40Mixers, first-class ovenmen..................................................... .850 40 .800 40Bench hands, second-class ovenmen....................................... .800 40 .750 40Helpers.......... .................. ...................................................... .675 40 .625 40Panners, miscellaneous help.................................................... .625 40 .575 40

Hebrew baking:Bread:

Day work—Ovenmen............................................................. .938 47 .938 47Night work:

Ovenmen.......................................................................... .967 47 .967 47First hand benchmen....................................................... .878 47 .878 47Second hand benchmen.................................................... .788 47 .788 47

Cake—Bakers................................................................................ .938 47 .938 47Minneapolis, Minn.

Bread and cake:Hand shops:

Foremen............. „ ................................................................. .956 45 .844 45Mixers, ovenmen..................................................................... .800 45 .711 45Bench hands........................................................................... .778 45 .689 45Helpers........ .......................................................................... .556 45 .489 45Female hand wrappers and icers.............................................. .456 45 .400 45

Machine shops:Foremen..... ............................................................................ 1.075 40 1.000 40Sponge mixers, dough mixers, oven operators, ovenmen... ....... .925 40 .850 40Bench hands, dividers, moldermen, bun-machine operators,

cake-oven men, icing or batter mixers................................... .875 40 .800 40Traveling-oven feeders and dumpers, dough-room men,

bread slicing- or wrapping-machine operators................... .815 40 .740 40Fruit cookers, kettle fryers, ingredient scalers, doughnut-

machine operators, depositors, drop-machine operators—.. . . .775 40 .700 40Twisters, dough-pan-men, bench-hand helpers....................... .725 40 .650 40Helpers—

1 to 6 months.................................................................... .625 40 .550 40After 6 months.................................................................. .700 40 .625 40


BAKING INDUSTRY 37T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities9

June 7, 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Minneapolis, Minn.—ContinuedBread and cake—Continued.

Machine shops—Continued. Female employees:

Pnrpladies $0,725.700

40 $0,550.625

40Cake wrapping-machine operators 40 40Finishers wrappers, packers—

1 to 6 months „ „ „, „ .. , _ . .480 40 .420 40A fterfi months .540 40 .480 40

Hebrew baking:Hand shops:

Foremen, all-round cake men _ __ .978 45 .889 45Ovenmen, mixers, general cake men __ _ .844 45 .756 45Machinemen, bench hands....................................................Helpers ................. ... . __ _ _

.800

.6224545

.711

.5564545

Machine shops:Ovenmen, mixers, general cake men_ .950 40 .850 40Bench hands, machinemen_____________________________ .900 40 .800 40Helpers .. _ _ .700 40 .625 40

Crackers and cookies:Company A:Machine captains __ _ _ _ .870 40 .800 40

PaaIpts _ ... .. . .830 40 .760 40Sweet-oven men.....................................................................Panmen, pan greasers . .. . ............. ...............................

.810

.6804040

.740

.6104040

Packers and floor hplp, femaie .520 40 .450 40Company B:

Head shippers _ _________________ ___ .830 40 .800 40Spnnge-nven men-in-charge _ _ . . . . . . .810 40 .780 40Peelers ________________________________________ .790 40 .760 40Pnllprmen,sweet-oven men-in-eharge ___ _ . .720 40 .690 40Lead-oven men, receiving crew, order clerks............................Head panmen, ovenmen, pan greasers, tray boys, take-out

men................. ..................................................................Checkers, sponge packers........................................................Sweet, paekers

.660

.640

.560

.530

40404040

.630

.610

.550

.520

40404040

Cafldy stitchers _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ .510 40 .480 40Bund lers, floor help .470 40 .440 40

Moline, III.(See Rock Island, (111.) district.)

Nashville, Tenn.Bread and cake—Machine shops:M Hers, ovenmen . . . . . _ ............... .630 40

"Ranchmen, maehinemen * _ _ ___ .550 40Oven loaders, dumpers .475 40Helpers—1 to 3 months .400 40

After 3 months _ ... .450 40Roll- and wrapping-machine girls—1 to 3 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .350 40

After3months. __ _ ___ . . . . .375 40Shipping department:

Stock clerks, wrapping-machine operators, checkers ______ .525 40Helpers, loaders, packers—

1 to 3 months _ _ __ .400 40After 3 months .440 40

Crackers and cookies:Baking department:

Machinemen, reliefmen, head mixers .500 40Peelers-in, ovenmen . . . . . . . . .475 40Miners ............... . .. . . .. .. .450 40Rollermen, peelers-oiit, panmen _ _ . .425 40Pan catchers and greasers, mixers' helpers ___ .400 40Pan feeders and wipers .375 40

Icing department:Machinemen __ _____________ .. ...... . .500 40Fnroher men _ . .450 40Mixers’ helpers, scalers finale) _ _____ .400 40General helpers— Male .375 40

Female.............................................................................. .325 40



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June 2, 2942, and June 2, 1941— Continued


June 1, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0,500 40.450 40.375 40

1.000 48.896 48.771 48

1.175 401.050 40.940 40.840 40.840 40.790 40.765 40.540 40.540 40

1.417 481.313 48

.917 48

.875 48

.833 48

.945 40

.845 40

.795 40

.785 40

.755 40

.850 40

.800 40

.760 40

.750 40

.700 40

.680 40

.650 40

.625 40

.600 40

.570 40

.550 40

.480 35

.450 35

.430 35

.380 35

.750 40

.525 40

.550 40

.570 401.250 481.167 48.833 48

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Nashville, Tenn— ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Continued.

Receiving and shipping department:Shipping clerks.................... .....................Receiving clerks.........................................General helpers..........................................

Newark, N. J.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen, oven workers, dough workers..................................Bench workers, second-class workers.......................................Third-class workers................................................................

Machine shops:Foremen, ovenmen,mixers.....................................................Benchmen, molders, dividers..................................................Icing makers:

Rate A................ ............................................................RateB................................. ................ ..........................

Scalers, mixers’ helpers, oven helpers......................... — .......Machine helpers, pan greasers, icing makers’ helpers, checkers,

shippers_____________________________ _____________Slicers, wrappers, packers, flour dumpers and sifters, scalers’

helpers...................... ............................ ..........................Female employees:

leers.......... ............... .......................................................Hand wrappers....... ........................................................

Hebrew baking: &Foremen, ovenmen.......................................................................Mixers, second hands...................................................................

New Haven, Conn.Bread only:

Hand shops:Foremen................................................................................Assistant foremen, mixers, ovenmen.....................................Benchmen........................................................................... .

Machine shops:Mixers............... ................................................................ -Dividers, head packers. ........................................................Assistant mixers, molders.....................................................Oven feeders_______ ________________ ________________Rackers, wrappers, packers, pan greasers, flour blenders,

molders’ helpers................. ................................................Cake only—Machine shops:

Foremen................................................................................ .....Dough mixers..............................................................................Ovenmen................... ................................................................Utilitymen after 1 year.............. .................................................Depositors, receivers, stock clerks..............................................Ingredient scalers............................. ...................... ..................Icing mixers................................................................................Depositors’ helpers......................................................................Dumpers.....................................................................................Pan greasers................................................................................Receivers of returns, utilitymen after 6 months...........................Female employees:

Head icers and wrappers.......................................................leers......................................................................................Wrappers..............................................................................Beginners, first 6 months.......................................................

Shipping department:Head shipper.........................................................................Shippersr nelpers—

1 to 6 months..................................................................7 to 12 months.................................................................After 1 year.....................................................................

Hebrew baking:Foremen, ovenmen........................................................- ............Second hands...............................................................................Bench hands................................................................................

$0,938.833.708

1.125 1.000.860.760.760.710.685.500.480

1.3541.250

.792

.750

.850

.800

.760

.750

.700

.680

.650

.625

.600

.570

.550

.480

.450

.430

.380

.750

.525

.550

.5701.1461.063

48484840404040404040


$$

$

! : : ; :

%$

$%

%$

$$

$$

$ §

S3

$$

$


BAKING INDUSTRY 39T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities*



New Orleans, La.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen..................................................................Ovenmen, mixers....................................................Benchmen, dividermen...........................................Miscellaneous helpers, wrapping-machine operators

Machine shops:Foremen................................................................ ..Mixers, ovenmen, runner-in-men............................Bench hands, dividermen.......................................Ovenmen (bake-out)........................... -..................Moldermen, twisters...............................................Wrapping-machine operators...................................

New York, N. Y.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Agreement A:

Foremen............................................................Ovenmen, mixers..............................................Bench hands.....................................................Helpers, _..........................................................

Agreement B:Foremen............................................................Ovenmen, mixers..............................................Bench hands,....................................................Helpers.............................................................

Agreement C:First hands.......................................................Second hands................ ...................................Helpers.............................................................

Agreement D:First hands.......................................................Second hands................................ ...................Helpers..............................................................Packers—

Male,,,.......................................................Female........................................................Agreement E:

First hands, oven workers, mixers.....................Second hands.......... .........................................Helpers..............................................................Shippers, male.................................................Female employees.............................................

Agreement F:First hands.......................................................Second hands....................................................Helpers.......... ...................................................Shippers, packers..............................................

Agreement G:First hands, ovenmen.......................................Second hands,...................................................Third hands......................................................

Agreement H:Ovenmen, mixers..............................................Bench hands—

Rate A........................................................Rate B........................................................ .

Agreement I:First hands.......................................................Second hands...................................................Helpers.......... .................................................. .Miscellaneous workers......................................

Aggreement J:Foremen.............................................................Bench hands, second hands.............................. .Third hands...................................................... .

Agreement K:First hands.........................................................Second hands.................................................... .Helpers............................................................. .


June 1, 1942 June 1,

Rate per Hours Rate perhour per

week hour

* $0,827 42 $0,7252*. 773 42 .67828.692 42 .60727.521 42 .45824.827 42 .72528.773 42 .67826.692 42 .60728.665 42 .5832».586 42 .51427.521 42 .458

1.350 401.200 401.100 40.950 40

1.300 40 1.2501.150 40 1.1001.100 40 1.050.900 40 .850

1.188 40 1.0631.125 40 1.000.875 40 .750

1.175 40 1.0501.075 40 .950.813 40 .688.659 40 .500.568 40 .417

1.175 40 1.1001.075 40 1.000.875 40 .800.659 44 .542.500 44 .396

1.175 40 1.0501.075 40 .950.875 40 .750.575 40 .375

1.133 45 1.1331.000 45 1.000.867 45 .867

1.113 40 1.000.963 40 .850.925 40 .800

1.100 40 .932.950 40 .795.850 40 .705.775 40 .636

1.021 48 .979.896 48 .854.792 48 .750

1.000 48 1.000.900 48 .900.700 48 .700

Hoursper

week

&$£

$

££

££

£&

SS

$

&&

&

SS

SS

&

&SS

S SS

S&

S 11

1!

£&&

&$£

$



T ab l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June I, 1942, and June 2, 1941— Continued


New York, N. Y .—ContinuedBread and cake—Continued.

Hand shops—Continued.Agreement L :30

Ovenmen, first hands, second hands, mixers....................Floormen.......... ..............................................................

Retail shops:First hands.......................................................................Second hands................................................. ..................Third hands.....................................................................

Cafeteria shops:First hands.....................................................................Second hands__________________________________Third hands.................................................................. —Helpers.............................................................................

Cake and pastry only:First hands.......................................................................Second hands................................................................ .Third hands.....................................................................

Machine shops:First hands....... .......... ..........................................................Mixers, henchmen, ovenmen................................................ .Helpers.................................................................................Packers—

First class.................................................................... .Second class—...............................................................—

Bread only— Machine shops:Company A—Plant A:

Mixers______ ______ - ..........................................................Flour blenders....................................... ................ ...............Mixers’ helpers, dividers, moiders, oven feeders or dumpers..Checkers...................... ..........................................................Oven or bakery helpers__________________ _____________Pan greasers.................. .........................................................Wrappers, packers, wrapping-machine operators...................

Company A—Plant B:Mixers..................................................................................Dividers................................................................................Moiders, storekeepers............................................................Mixers helpers. ................................................................... .Ovenmen____ ______________ _______________ ________Flour blenders.......................................................................Checkers.............................................. .................................Bakery helpers................. .....................................................Wrapping-machine operators..................................................

Company A—Plant C:Mixers....................................................................................Dividers........................................................ ........................Storekeepers.......................................................................... .Benchmen............................................................................ .Moiders. ................................... ............................................Mixers’ helpers. ............. .......................................................Checkers.............................................................................Oven feeders or dumpers, flour blenders, pan greasers............Moiders’ helpers, bakery helpers...........................................Wrapping-machine operators..................................................Crum men........ .....................................................................

Company A—Plant D:Mixers............. ....... ............................................................. .Dividers.......... .................... ..................................................Storekeepers...........................................................................Benchmen........................ .................................................... .Moiders................. ....... ........................................................Mixers’ helpers................. ............... .......... ...........................Checkers................................................................................Oven feeders or dumpers, pan greasers, flour blenders............Moiders’ helpers.....................................................................Oven or bakery helpers..........................................................Wrappers, packers...................... ..........................................Crum men..............................................................................

Company B:Mixers, ovenmen..................... ..............................................Benchmen, dividermen............... ..........................................Molder operators....................................................................

June 1, 1942 June 1

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hour

$0.896 48 $0,896.729 48 .729

1.600 45 1.5331.467 45 1.4001.067 45 1.0001.511 45 1.4671.378 45 1.333.978 45 .933.533 45 .400.896 48 ! .864.688 48 .667.583 48 .458

1.500 40 1.3331.050 40 .933.600 40 .533.700 40 .622..:oo 40 .444

1.068 40 1.005.921 40 .858.858 40 .795.826 40 .763.788 40 .725.776 40 .713.771 40 .708

1.038 40 .975.938 40 .875.913 40 .850.858 40 .795.851 40 .788.826 40 .763.816 40 .753.801 40 .738.771 40 .708

1.038 40 .975.938 40 .875.913 40 .860.863 40 .800.858 40 .795.851 40 .788.843 40 .780.826 40 .763.801 40 .738.771 40 .708.763 40 .700

1.038 40 .975.938 40 .875.913 40 .850.863 40 .800.858 40 .795.851 40 .788.843 40 .780.826 40 .763.801 40 .738.788 40 .725.771 40 .708.763 40 .700

1.063 40 1.000.963 40 .900.888 40 .825

Hoursper

week

4848454545454545454848484545454545


$$

£

££

££

££

££

££

££

£

££

££

££

££

££

£

££

££

££

££

S

SS

SS

&S



June I, 1942, and June 19 1941— Continued


June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

New York, N. Y — ContinuedBread only—Machine shops—Continued.

Company B—Continued.Soft-bun molder operators................................................... — $0,863 40 $0.800 40Mixers’ helpers, oven feeders, soft-roll scalers, head machine

wrappers...........................................................................— .838 40 .775 40Checkers.............. .................................................................. .813 40 .750 40Oven dumpers, pan greasers. _______ _____________ _____ .788 40 .725 40Flour dumpers, general helpers............................................. .763 40 .700 40Rack pushers, restaurant wrappers, bread wrappers.............. .738 40 .675 40

Company C:Mixers, peel-oven men........................................................... 1.058 40 .995 40Relief mixers........................................................................... 1.003 40 .940 40Dividers..... ............................................................................ .958 40 .895 40Benchmen.............................................................................. .938 40 .875 40Molders, mixers’ helpers----------------- ------ ----------------------- .898 40 .835 40Junior benchmen ........................ r......................................... .888 40 .825 40Oven helpers.............. ........................................................... .848 40 .785 40Flour blenders........................................................................ .823 40 .760 40Ingredient scalers---- ------------ ------------------ ------------------- .818 40 .755 40Bench helpers, machine helpers, key slicers cfr wrappers,

head checkers...................... ...................................... ......... .793 40 .730 40Packers, checkers, slicers, wrappers.-.................................... .763 40 .700 40

Company D:Mixers, ovenmen............ ....................................................... 1.038 40 .975 40Benchmen scalers (dividermen).............................................. .938 40 .875 40Oven loaders (pushers)........................................................... .888 40 .825 40Junior benchmen.............................................. .................... .863 40 .800 40Oven dumpers____________ _______________ __________ .838 40 .775 40Mixers’ helpers, ingredient scalers, molder operators, packers,

checkers___________________________________________ .813 40 .750 40Oven helpers, pullman helpers, pan greasers, flour blenders. _ .788 40 .725 40General bakers or wrappers....... ............................................ .763 40 .700 40

Company E:Mixers, dividermen____________________ ______________ .925 40 .850 40Ovenmen, blenders, panners, twisters, rackers...................... .875 40 .800 40Checkers................................................................................. .855 40 .780 40Floormen, general................................................................... .825 40 .735 40Shipping clerks ....................................................................... .805 40 .785 40Bread wrappers...................................................................... .805 40 .735 40Floormen, wrappers................................................................ .755 40 .685 40


Foremen..... .......................................................................... . 1.125 40 1.125 40Ovenmen, mixers.-................................................................ .925 40 .925 40Bench hands........................................................................... .825 40 .825 40TTp.Ippirs . .675 40 .675 40

Company B:Mixers, ovenmen.................................................................... 1.038 40 .975 40Icing makers........ .................................................................. .863 40 .800 40Dough scalers, mixers helpers, ovenmen’s helpers (feeders)__ .838 40 .775 40Ingredient scalers, milk men.................... ............................. .813 40 .750 40Scalers’ helpers, ovenmen’s helpers (dumpers), cake dumpers. .788 40 .725 40Icing helpers, traymen, trayboys............................................ .738 40 .675 40Female employees, cake wrappers.......................................... .538 40 .475 40

Company C: '•Mixers, ovenmen..................................................................... 1.013 40 .950 40Benchmen............................................................................... .938 40 .875 40Depositors (scalers)................................................................. .913 40 .850 40Friers ____ _. .888 40 .825 40Junior benchmen.................................................................... ;838 40 .775 40Ingredient scalers............... - ................................................... .813 40 .750 40Griddle men, pan greasers...................................................... .788 40 .725 40General helpers............... —..................................................... .741 40 .678 40Female helpers........................................................................ .538 40 .475 40

Company D:Ovenmen............................................................................... .963 40 .900 40Dough mixers......................................................................... .863 40 .800 40Icing mixers, shipping-department checkers........................... .813 40 .750 40Cookers____________________________________________ .766 40 .703 40Dough scalers, ingredient scalers............................................. .763 40 .700 40TTfilpprs .... . .713 40 .650 40Female employees................................................................... .526 40 .463 40



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the B akery Trades in Selected Cities,June J, 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

New York, N. Y.—ContinuedPie and pastry:

Agreement A:$1,250 1.125

40 $1,250 40First hands _________________________________________ 40Second hands, mixers_________________________________ 1.000 40 .875 40Third hands. 1_______________________________________ .875 40 .750 40Helpers _________. . . . . . . _____ ________ ___. . . _______ .675 40 .625 40

Agreement B:Foremen, oven workers__________ _____________________ .009 44 .909

.705

.68244

Meringue fillers, fruit mixers............................ ..................... .705 44 44Machine hands______________________________________ .682 44 44Helpers _______ ___ . . . . _____________ ________________ .523 44 .523 44

Crullers:1.063 40 1.000

.941

.919

.897

.848

401.004 40 40.972 40 40.960 40 40

Benchmen___________________________________ -______ .911 40 40Doughnut-machine operators, ingredient scalers..................... .845 40 .782 40Helpers, checkers....... ........... ................................................ .834 40 .771 40Packers, sugarers_____________________________________ .763 40 .700

.625

.525

40Doughnuts:

Machine operators________________________ -__________ .710 40 40Helpers, belt attendants_______________________________ .600 40 40Box* makers__________________________________________ .575 40 .525 40'Packers . . . . . . _. . . __________________________________ .575 40 .500 40

Bohemian baking:Large shops:

First hands _______________________________________ 1.286 35 1.286 35*Second or bench hands________________________________ 1.214 35 1.214 35

Small shops:First hands__________________________________________ 1.071 35 i. 071 35Second or bench hands________________________________ 1.000 35 1.000

1.071

35French baking:

Bread:Agreement A—Day work:

Foremen_________________________________ ______ 1.120 37^37H37H37^37)437)435

37H 37 H 37 H 37^ 37J4 37 ;35

Ovenmen _____________________________________ 1.078 1.027Head slicers_____________________________________ 1.008 .960Mixp.rs ______________________________ 1.003 .955

Bench hands________________________________________ .957 .911Slicers _____________________________________ .840 .800

Agreement A—Night work:Ovenmen ______________________________________ 1.155 1.100

Mixers__________________________________________ 1.075 35 1.024 35Bench hands____________________________ ______ 1.025 35 .976 35

Agreement B:Foremen _ _________________________________ _ 1.095 35 1.000

.95335

Second bands________________________________ ____ 1.048 35 35Third hands...................................................................... 1.000 35 .904 35

Pastry:Foremen ______________________________________ 1.150 40 1.075 40Ovenmen, mixers_______ _________________________ . . . 1.100 40 1.025 40Benchmen __________________________________________ 1.000 40 .875 40Bakery helpers_______________________________________ .850 40 .725 40Packers, pan cleaners, pan greasers______________________ .595 42 .575 40

Hebrew baking:Hand shops—

Union A:First hands __ - . . . . 1.600 8 30 1.533 •30Second hands____. . . . ____________________________ 1.467 • 30 1.400 •30Helpers____. . . . . . . __________ ___________________ 1.067 •30 1.000 •30

Union B:First hands________________________ ______________ 1.533 45 1.400 45Second hands_____________________________________ 1.400 45 1.267 45Third hands (helpers).............. ........ ............................. 1.000 45 1.000 45

Union C:First hands (formen)_______________________________ 1.413 40 1.288 40Mixers, oven workers..................... ................................. 1.350 40 1.225 40Second hands____ _________________ ___________ . 1.250 40 1.125 40Third hands (helpers)____________________ ______ . 1.025 40 .900 40

Union D :31Ovenmen, mixers________________________________ 1.167 48 1.146 48Bench hands________________________________ ____ 1.125 48 1.104 48Third hands....... .............................................................. .875 48 .854 43Helpers.............................................................................. .792 48 .771 48






June 1,1942 June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

New York, N. Y — ContinuedHebrew baking—Continued.

Hand shops—Continued.Union E: 32

First hands........................ ......Second hands............... ..........Third hands (bench hands)___

Machine shops—Union A:

First hands.............................Second hands...........................Helpers.....................................

Union B:First hands...............................Second hands...........................Helpers................ ...................

Italian baking:Manhattan:

Working foremen............................Second hands................................. .Third hands...................................

Queens:First hands.....................................Second hands..................................

Brooklyn:First hands....................................Second hands................................

Polish baking:First hands...........................................Second hands........................................Helpers.................................................

Scandinavian baking:Foremen. _.t........................................Second hands, mixers.......... ................Bench hands.........................................

Spanish baking:First hands...........................................Second hands........................................Third hands_______ _____ _________

Crackers and cookies:Machinemen, peelers...........................Mixers..................................................Rollermen, bakers................................Bakes’ helpers..................................... .Spreaders, trimmers_________ ______Stackers, conveyormen, floormen...... .Pan feeders............... ........... ............. .Icing-department packers..................... .Female employees:

Inspectors.....................................Cracker packers, machine operators. Carton formers................................

Oklahoma City, Okla.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Day work:Foremen............................................Mixers, ovenmen....... ....... ...............Bench hands, machine hands............Helpers..............................................

Night work:Foremen...........................................Mixers, ovenmen..............................Benchmen or machinemen................Helpers...................... ....... .......... . . .

Omaha, Nebr.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Foremen...................... ................................Dough mixers, ovenmen...............................Benchmen, cake mixers................................Machinemen, order checkers, oven dumpers. Doughroom helpers............. ........................

$1.125 401.000 40.875 40

1.714 33 28 $1.643 33 281.571 33 28 1.500 33 281.143 33 28 1.071 33 281.600 9 301.467 9 301.067 9 30

.833 48 .708 48

.708 48 .563 48

.583 48 .458 48

.833 54 .704 54

.667 54 .519 54

.704 54

.593 541.288 40 1.163 401.188 40 1.063 40.988 40 .863 40.938 48 .938 48.833 48 .833 48.729 48 .729 48.896 48 .833 48.813 48 .750 48.729 48 .667 48

1.005 40 .930 40.925 40 .850 40.905 40 .830 40.875 40 .800 40.825 40 .750 40.775 40 .700 40.755 40 .680 40.605 40 .530 40.675 40 .600 40.625 40 .550 40.605 40 .530 40

1.025 40 .950 40.925 40 .850 40.825 40 .750 40.625 40 .575 40

1.150 40 1.075 401.000 40 .925 40.900 40 .825 40.700 40 .650 40

.940 40 .890 40

.840 40 .790 40

.785 40 .735 40

.750 40 .680 40

.680 40 .630 40See footnotes at end o f table (p. 61).



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected C itiesJune I , 1942, and June I, 1941— Continued


Omaha, Nebr.—ContinuedBread and cake—Machine shops—Continued.

Ingredient scalers.........................................Coolermen....................................................Bake-shop helpers—

First year._............................................After 1 year............................................

Pan cleaners.................................................Packers—

First year...............................................After 1 year..................... ......................

Cake-machine operators, female...................Hand wrappers and icers—

First year...............................................After 1 year............................................

Peoria, Ttt.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:34Foremen.................................Foremen on bench..................Benchmen.......... ....................

Machine shops:Foremen.................................Spongers, ovenmen.................Benchmen, machine operators.Oven helpers..........................Bake-shop workers..................Wrappers, male......................

Philadelphia, Pa.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Company A:Head ovenmen...... .................................................................Peel-oven men, cake decorators..............................................Dough mixers, icing mixers....................................................Benchmen, machinemen, steam-box tenders, ingredient

scalers..................................................................................Traveling-oven feeders............................................................Bread coolers, mixers’ helpers, dough punchers......................Route, pastry, or bread packers; bread wrappers...................Flour pilers, dumpers, bakery or stock-room helpers, pan

greasers......................................... *.....................................Wrappers or icers, female......... - .............................................

Company B:Traveling-oven supervisors.....................................................Peel- or rotary-ovenmen.........................................................Oil-oven firemen.....................................................................Mixers, icing makers...............................................................Benchmen, machinemen, doughnut-machine operators,

steam-box tenders, depositor operators, ingredient scalers. .Traveling-oven feeders................................ ....... ....................Mixers’ helpers........................................................................Route packers.........................................................................Wrapping, sandwich, or sweet-dough machine setters...........Wrapping-machine operators..................................................Bakery, bench, oven, depositor, or stockroom helpers;

wrapping-machine truckers; flour pilers or blenders; rollbaggers; wrappers................................................................

Tray boys............................. .... ............................................Peel-oven helpers....................................................................Pan greasers....... ....................................................................Wrappers or icers, female........................................................

Cake only—Machine shops:Foremen........................................................................................Dough mixers................................................................................Ovenmen.......................................................................................Benchmen.....................................................................................Helpers..........................................................................................Female employees.........................................................................

Pie and pastry:Dough mixers, cooks, ovenmen.....................................................Custard mixers..............................................................................Ingredient scalers..................... - ...................................................Order packers................................................................................

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per Hours Rate per Hourshour per

week hour perweek

$0,670 40 $0,600 40.620 40 .580 40.560 40 .525 40.650 40 .580 40.560 40 .525 40.550 40 .525 40.650 40 .580 40.510 40 .470 40.420 40 .400 40.475 40 .440 40

.896 48 .854 48

.729 48

.667 481.138 40 1.075 401.013 40 .950 40.938 40 .875 40.700 42 .600 42.650 42 .550 42.600 42 .500 42

1.000 40.925 40.900 40.860 40.835 40.810 40.775 40.725 40.513 40.925 40 .825 40.925 40 .800 40.925 40 .685 40.875 40 .775. 40.835 40 .735 40.810 40 .685 40.775 40 .675 40.750 40 .650 40.725 40 .625 40.725 40 .565 40

.685 40 .575 40

.685 40 .525 40

.675 40 .575 40

.675 40 .550 40

.485 40 .430 40

.900 40

.800 40

.750 40

.700 40

.550 40

.430 40

.750 40 .580 40

.750 40 .520 40

.650 40 .520 40

.650 40 .460 40See footnotes at end o f table (p. 61).



June I , 1942, and June Z, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Philadelphia, Pa.—ContinuedPie and pastry— Continued.

Cook or oven men's helpers $0,650.600

40 $0,450.520

40Toppers____________! ___________________________________ 40 40Pie makers, shell makers __________________________ -____ .600 40 .480 40Dish washers. ________________________________ .550 40 .450 40Apple peelers, pie wrappers, crown Tnalrcrsj lemon fillers. ______ .475 40 .400 40

Hebrew baking:Bread:

Foremen, oven hands _______________________________ 1.416 45 1.309 45Second hands, dough mixers___________________________ 1.353 45 1.247 45Third hands, helpers_________________________________ 1.249 45 1.143 45Fourth hands__1_____________________________________ .834 45 .727 45

Cake:Foremen, first hands .940 45 .833 45Second hands________________________________________ .807 45 .700 45Third hands_________________ _______________________ .673 45 .567 45Fourth hands, helpers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ „ _ _ _ _ .584 45 .478 45

Matzo baking:38 1.000 40 1.000 40

Mixers___ __________________________________________ .970 40 .970 40Universal machine—

First hands _____________________________________ .970 40 .970 40Second hands____________________________________ .820 40 .820 40

.770 40 .770 40

.770 40 .770 40General helpers______________________________________ .720 40 .720 40

Italian baking:Steam ovens:Oven men __ _____________________________________ .750 54

Dough mixers____ ___________________________________ .650 54Bench hands ______________ _______________________ .600 54Helpers _____________________.___________________ .500 54

Coal ovens:Oven men __ ____________________________________ .700 54Second hand-bakers__________________________________ .600 54Helpers _________________________________________ .450 54

Polish baking:First hands, ovenmen_____________________ _______________ .875 40 .875 40Second hands, cake bakers ____________________ __________ .750 40 .750 40'Third hands _ _ _ _ _ .625 40 .625 40

Crackers and cookies: Companies A and B:

Machine OOptains .950 40Head mixers, spongers ___________________________ .925 40Sweet mixers; bakers, travel .900 40Peelers, bakers _____________________________ .895 40Rollermen, cuttermen ____________________ ___________ .855 40Drawmen, sweet-oven men, real-oven helpers ____________ .835 40Mixers’ helpers (mixing department), sponge mixers, sweet

mixers’ helpers, flour dumpers, tally clerks, supplymen___ .825 40Oven helpers—travel __ __ __ ________ .815 40Oven firemen________________________________ _______ .805 40Pan cleaners, feeders, or dumpers; icing mixers’ helpers; ma

chine set-up men __________________________________ .775 40Stackers, stockmen _ ______ . . . ______________ .755 40Slow-pan men, spray-machine operators_________ _______ .745 40Pastemen . _____________________________________ .735 40Floormen (icing department), tallymen (8th floor)_________ .725 40Floormen (packing department)________________________ .705 40Icing-department supervisors; packing-department super

visors, female ____________________________________ .675 40Peckers; machine operators, female _ _ .585 40Other female employees, carton formers__________________ .555 40

Company C:Bakers ............... . _ _ _ _ .885 40Sponge mixers_______ _______________________________ .855 40Peelers _________________________________________ .830 40Sweet mixers ___ ________________________________ .680 40Stackers. __________________________________________ .655 40leers—

Packing department_______________________________ .505 40Icing department _____________ __________________ .480 40

General helpers, male ____________ ___ _______________ .500 40General helpers, female________________________________ .380 40Oven firemen....... .................... ............................................ .320 40




T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and H ours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June I , 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Phoenix, Ariz.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen____________________________________ _______ $0.980

.93848 $0,875

.83348

Dough mixers, ovenmen_______________________________ 48 48Benchmen__1............... ........................................................ .855 48 .750 48Wrapping and shipping department:

Machine operators__________________ ______________ .730 48 .521 48Shipping clerks ______ ____________________ _____ .625 . 48Machine operators’ helpers................. ............................. .595 48 .417 48Checkers. JL___ _____1___________ ________________ .575 48 .417 48Hand wrappers___________________________________ .575 48 .411 48Pan washers—

First month__________________________________ .470 48After 1 month________________ ________________ .563 48

Machine shops:Foremen___________________________________________ 1.175 40 1.050 40Dough mixers, ovenmen_________________ ________ _____ 1.125 40 1.000 40Machinemen, bench hands.................................................... 1.025 40 .900 40Pan washers or other unskilled help—

First 6 months ___________________________________ .575 40 .450 40After 6 months....... .................. .................. ....... .......... .675 40 .500 40

Wrapping and shipping department:Foremen_______ ________________________________ .875 40 .688 40M achine operators_______________________ _________ .875 40 .625 40Shipping clerks___________________ ________ _______ .750 40 .625 40Checkers_____________ __________________________ .625 40 .500 40Machine helpers, hand wrappers—

First 6 months........................... - .............................. .575 40 .450 40After 6 months________________________________ .675 40 .500 40

Pittsburgh, Pa.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:First hands or bakers. — -....................................Shop helpers__________________ ________ _____________ _

.875

.6254545

.875

.6254545

Machine shops:Mixers, ovenmen_______________________ _______ _____ .950 40 .850 40Benchman, molders, dividers _________________________ .900 40 .800 40Traveling-oven feeders or dumpers________ _____________ .850 40 .750 40Helpers_____________________________________________ .790 40 .690 40Checkers______________________________ _____ _______ .740 40 .640 40Wrapping-machine setters______________________ ______ .730 40 .630 40Order assemblers............................... ..................................... .710 40 .610 40Packers...................... ................... ...................................... .670 40 .570 40Helpers, female____;______________________ _______ ____ .530 40 .450 40

Pie and pastry:Hand shops—Female employees:

First hands, bakers, ovenwomen____ __________________ .455 42 H 42H

.455 42H42^42^45

Dough mixers . ____ ______________ _______ ____ .375 .375Bench hands, bakers’ helpers___________________________ .300 42^

45.300

Hebrew baking:First, hands, nvanman ......... .. .. _ _ ___ 1.488 1.467Second hands, mixers ____________________ _____ ________ 1.421 45 1.400 45Third hands, bench hands.................. ................................ - ....... 1.333 45 1.311 45Cake bakers—

First hands . T. _ _ r „. . __ __ _ . _ ___ . 1.421 45 1.400 45Second hands ... . . .__ _. . 1.333 45 1.311 45

Unskilled:Bread wrappers, shippers. ____________________________ .667 48 .604 48Cake bakers’ helpers_______ __________________________ .655 48 .593 48Stock handlers.......... .................. ........................................... .594 48 .531 48Pan greasers........................................................................ . .575 48 .513 48Wrappers, female_____________________________________ .455 44 .409 44

Polish baking:First hands................................... ...................................... ........ 1.000 45 1.000 45Second hands______________________________________ _____ .956 45 .956 45Third hands.................................. ................................................ .911 45 .911 45Helpers_____ _____________________ l..................................... .622 45 .622 45

Portland, Oreg.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen____________________________________________ 1.265 40 1.155 40Ovenmen, mixers__________ __________ ________ ______ 1.208 40 1.100 40Bench hands........................................................................... 1.093 40 .990 40





June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

Portland, Oreg.—'ContinuedBread and cake—Continued.

Hand shops—Continued.Head checkers........................................................................ $0,973 40 $0.894 40Assistant checkers................................................................... .845 40 .770 40Packers, hand wrappers........... ............................................. .816 40 .743 40Helpers—

First year........ ................................................................. .700 40 .625 40Second and third years..................................................... .861 40 .770 40

Machine shops.Foremen................................................................................ 1.336 36 1.222 36Ovenmen, mixers............ ....................................................... 1.272 36 1,161 36:Bench hands, maehinemen...... ............. ....... ....... ................ 1.208 36 1.100 36Head checkers, wrappers, receiving clerks, shipping clerks,

stock clerks.................................... .................................... 1.158 36 1.069 36Wrappers, machine operators.........................._..................... 1.078 36 .993 36Flour blenders....................................................................... 1.014 36 .917 36Shipping clerks, assistant checkers......................................... .997 36 .917 36Machine operators’ helpers.................................................... .901 36 .825 36Helpers _ __ _ _ ______________ _____________ .764 36Cake and pie only:

Foreladies in charge of 4 or more girls________ _______ .766 40Cake decorators___________________________________ .714 40Icing girls . _ ________ __________________ .609 40Other female employees (after 1 year)....... ....................... .551 40

Crackers and cookies:Companies A and B:

Maehinemen.......................................................................... .968 40 .868 40Mixers_____________________________________________ .930 40 .830 40Peelers_____________________________________________ .905 40 .805 40'Receiving clerks..................................................................... .880 40 .780 40Ovenmen................................................................................ .855 40 .755 40'Rollermen.............................................................................. .820 40 .720 40Scalemen, wrappers................................................................ .818 40 .718 40'Mixers’ helpers...... ................................................................. .780 40 .680 46Dough feeders, assemblymen, rollermen’s helpers.................. .730 40 .630 40’Stackers.................................................................................. .710 40 .610 40-Other helpers........................................................................ . .705 40 .605 40'Packers, female....................................................................... .505 40 .445 40*Other female employees.......................................................... .485 40 .425 40

Company C:Mixers __ ... __ . _ _ .930 40 .830 4CPeelers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________ .880 40 .755 40Shipping clerks...................................................................... .880 40 <781 40Ovenmen................................................................................ .855 40 .755 40Rollermen............................................................................... .825 40 .688 40Stackers................................................................................. .755 40 .655 40Helpers................................................................................... .705 40 .655 40Packers, female...... ................................................................. .505 40 .445 40Other female employees. ......................................................... .460 40 .425 46

Providence, R. I.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

RenchmAn who do some mixing daily, foremen .825 44Benchmen______________________________________________ .660 44Shippers, ^rappers T .575 44Pan greasers, general helpers . r _ __ _ .500 44


Head mixers............................................................................ 1.125 40 1.050 40Second mixers.................................................................... . 1.000 40 .925 40Ovenmen, dividers........................................................ ........ .925 40 .850 40Head wrappers........................................................................ .900 40 .700 40Molders....................................................... .......................... .875 40 .800 40First benchmen..... ................................................................. .825 40 .750 40Mixers’ helpers....................................................................... .825 40 .700 40Assistant molder operators..................................................... .825 40 .755 40Benchmen, oven helpers......................................................... .775 40 .700 40Wrapping-machine operators................................................. .720 40 .645 40Pan greasers............................................................................ .675 40 .600 40

Company B:Mixers, traveling-oven men................ ................................. 1.025 40 .9.50 40Head benchmen, dividers, peel-oven men.............................. .925 40 .850 40Molders......................................................................... —----- .875 40 .800 40



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June 1, 1942, and June 1, 1941— Continued


June 1, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.795 40.750 40.675 40.625 40.925 40.850 40.825 40.825 40.700 40

1.035 40.950 40.840 40.790 40.730 40.625 40.650 40.475 40.540 40.540 40.480 40.390 40.350 40.625 40. 575 40.550 40.500 40

1.146 401.042 40

1.000 40.875 40.775 40. 750 40.775 40.750 40.700 40.675 40.625 40.600 40.575 40.525 40

.888 40

.800 40

.763 40

.688 40

.663 40

. 1.050 40.850 40.800 40.750 40.700 40

June 1,1941

B ate per hour

Hoursper

week

Providence, R. /.—ContinuedBread only—Machine shops—Continued.

Company B—Continued.Peel-oven men’s helpers........................................................ .Ovenmen’s helpers, molders’ helpers, benchmen, head wrap

pers, utilitymen...................................................................Wrappers........................................................... ...................Pan greasers................................................ ......................... .

Company C:Mixers.......................... ......... ...............................................Dividers_________________________ _________________Molders................................................................................. .Traveling-oven men, doughnut mixers...................................Packers, helpers................... .............................................. .

Cake only—Machine shops:Mixers.......................................................................................Ovenmen....................................................................... .............Scalers, fried-cake mixers, icing or cutting-machine operators,

icing mixers.............................................................................. .Friers...........................................................................................Floormen............... ......... ...................................... ............. ........Helpers—

First 6 months....... ............... .................................................After 6 months.. ................................................................... .

Female employees—First 6 months............. .........................................................After 6 months............. .........................................................

Pie and pastry:Male employees..........................................................................Unskilled male employees--........................................................Female employees.......................................................................

Starting rate..........................................................................Doughnuts:

Head mixers............. .... .......................................................Assistant rollermen...............................................................Floormen...............................................................................Helpers..................................................................................

Hebrew baking:Foremen........... .......................................................................—Second hands....... .... ..................................................................

Hellenic baking:Foremen—

Rate A................. .................................................................Rate B........... - .....................................................................Rate C....................... ...........................................................Rate D......... - .......................................................................

Mixers......................... ...............................................................Ovenmen........................................ ............................................Molder operators.........................................................................Divider operators, first benchmen...............................................Wrapping-machine operators, checkers........................................Benchmen...................................................................................General or shipping-room helpers...............................................Pan greasers.................................................................................

Reading, Pa.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Dough mixers..... ..................... ............................................ ......Cakemen, stock clerks.................................................................Benchmen, ovenmen, machinemen, dividermen, ingredientmen,

moldermen, wrappers...............................................................Pan greasers....................... ........................................................Helpers........................................................................................

Richmond, Va.Bread—Machine shops:

Company A:Shipping clerks...............................Mixers............................................Divider operators, mixers’ helpers. .

$0,720.675.600.550.875.800.775.750.625.960.785.765.715.655.545.545.400.450

.575

.500

.450

Molders’ helpers, wrapping-machine helpers, bread packers, oven helpers.............................................................

.813

.731

.681

.613

.621

1.000.800.750.700.650

404040404040

40

sss ss

s ss

ss i : : :

§ ss

; | : : : : : : ; ; : ; 99

ss

ss



' June 1, 1942, and June 1, 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

City, type of baking, and occupationBate per

hourHours

perweek

Bate per hour

Hoursper

week

Richmond, Va.—ContinuedBread—Machine shops—Continued.

Company A—Continued.New employees—

First 6 months ___ _____ ir „ . . „ , , _ _ _ $0,600 40 $0.550 40Secnnd 6 mnnth,s __ . _ _ __________________ .626 40 .575 40Third fi months _______________ __________________ .650 40 .600 40Fourth 6 months .675 40 .625 40

Company B:Mixers - - .. - _ _ _ .850 40 .800 40TMviriermp.n, mnldermen , r. „ - - - .750 40 .700 40Benchmen .700 40 .650 40Oven feeders or dumpers .600 40 .550 40Oven helpers, advanced helper** .550 40 .500 40Cooler feeders, wrappers, dough mixers* helpers___________ .500 40 .450 40Flour dumpers, rackers, pan greasers, general or wrappers*helpers .450 40 .400 40

Company C:.850 40

Divider operator.* moldermen ____ ________ __________ .750 40Benchmen - _ ________________________________ .700 40Oven feeders or dunipers .600 40Mixers’ helpers, wrappers______________________________ .500 40Backers, pan greasers*, flour blenders, twisters, pan setters,

bench or general helpers .................. .450 40Company D:

Mirers . ............ . _ .850 40Ovenmen dividers .700 40Molders, henchmen _ .650 40Backers _____________________________________ .550 40

Cake—Machine shops: Company A:

Mixers .......... r _ .850 40 .800 40Oven tenders T __ _ _ .825 40 .775 40Dnnghnnt-machina operators . _ _ .800 40 .750 40Sealers _ _ . _ _ _ .700 40 .650 40Wrappers or female employees . .450 40 .400 40

Company B:Mixers ...... . __ .700 40Machine wrappers _ . _ _ _ .650 40Oven tenders ^ r .. , .600 40

Company C:Dnnghnnt-machina operators _ _ .650 40 .600 40Mixers, ovenmen _ .550 40 .500 40Scalers____ _________________________________________ .500 40 .450 40Scalers’ helpers, oven dumpers, general helpers, female icers

or wrappers _ _ _ _ __ . _ . . .400 40 .350 40Pan greasers _ _ _ _ r .350 40 .300 40

Company D:Dough mixers, icing makers, ovenmen _ _ _ .550 40Scaling machinemen _ _ , _ .500 40Pan greasers .450 40Cake dumpers or all female employees . . . . . . . .400 40

Rochester, N. Y.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Day work:First hands.__ _ _ _ __ . . _ __ 1.050 40 1.000 40Second hands_______ _________ _ _ _ .963 40 .913 40Third hands___ _ _ ______ _ _ _ ___ .925 40 .875 40Dumpers___________________________________ ______ .875 40 .825 40Helpers—

Rate A _ . _ . _ ___ _ ___ _____ .650 40 .600 40Rate B ___ _ ___ _____ ___ .700 40 .650 40

Night work:First hands __ _ ._ __ _____ _ 1.113 40 1.063 40Second hands. _ _ . _ _ __ ___ 1.025 40 .975 40Third hands _ _ .988 40 .938 40Dumpers __ _ __ ___ _ __ „ .938 40 .888 40Helpers—

Rate A _ ._ _ _ .... _ __ ________ __ .650 40 .600 40Bate B............................................................................ .813 40 .763 40



T a b l e 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected CitiesrJune 2, 2942, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1,, 1942 June 1,

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hour

$1,023 44 $0,909.943 44 .830.909 44 .795

1.080 44 .9661.000 44 .886.966 44 .852

1.125 40 1.0001.038 40 .9131.000 40 .875.575 40 .525.485 40 .435

1.188 40 1.0631.100 40 .9751.063 40 .938.950 40 .900.900 40 .850.880 40 .830.850 40 800.800 40 .750.750 40 .675.725 40 .675.700 40 .650.675 40 .625.600 40 .480.480 40 .450.450 40 .420.400 40 .370.896 48 .854.781 48 .740.740 48 .698.625 48 .583.585 48 .544.552 48 .510.533 48 .492.544 48 .502.656 48 .615

1.302 48 1.1981.198 48 1.0941.042 48 .938.990 48 .885

.900 48 .900

.800 48 .800

.750 48 .750

.542 48 .542

.438 48 .4001.000 40 1.000.900 40 .900.850 40 .850.725 40 .725.650 40 .638

City, type of baking, and occupation Hoursper

week

Rochester, N. Y.—ContinuedBread only:

Hand shops:Day work:

Foremen, first hands........................................................Second hands, ovenmen, mixers..................................... .Third hands, bench hands.............................................. .

Night work:Foremen, first hands................................................ .Second hands, ovenmen, mixers............................... .Third hands, bench bands........................................ .


Day work:Foremen, first hands..................................................Second hands, ovenmen, mixers............................... .Bench or machine hands............................................Foreladies— ........................................................... .Other female employees............................................ .

Night work:Foremen, first hands........ ....................................... .Second hands, ovenmen, mixers............................... .Bench or machine hands.......................................... .

Company B:Mixers..............................................................................Dividermen.....................................................................Oven operators......... ............. ............. .......................Machinemen, molderinen, bench hands, oven dumpers

or feeders, batchmen, assemblymen............................. .Flour blenders, mixers’ helpers........................................Wrapping-machine operators...........................................Flour handlers........... .................. .................. .......... .....Pan greasers, oven helpers, hand or machine helpers,

bread rackers, bench helpers, checkers, packers (rate A). Wrapping- or slicing-machine operators, packers (rate B)_ Female employees:

Floorladies................. ......................................Icing-machine operators....................................leers, wrappers.................................................Box makers.......................................................

Bread and pastry—Machine shops:36Foremen, first hands...........................................................Second hands, ovenmen, mixers........ ..................................Third hands, bench or machine hands.................................Shipping clerks....................................................................General helpers, wrappers...................................................Doughnut makers, cookie fillers..........................................Bun sugarers, etc.—

Bate A............................... - .........................................Rate B..........................................................................Rate C..........................................................................

Hebrew baking:Ovenmen, mixers.--...........................................................Bench hands........................................................................Cake bakers.........................................................................Third hands. .......................................................................

Rock Island (III.) District8read:

Hand shops:Foremen.................................................................................First bakers............................................................................Second bakers........................................................................Helpers............. .....................................................................Wrappers, female..................................................................

Machine shops:Foremen............................................................................... .Dough mixers, ovenmen........................................................Bench or machinemen...... .....................................................Shipping-room foremen, checkers, shipping clerks, wrapping-

machine operators....................... ......... .............................Stockroom men, packers, wrapping-machine helpers, truck

loaders.................................... -..........................................

444444444444

404040

40See footnotes at end o f table (p. 61 ).

££

££

&

SS5&

8;

8585

3S

SftS

SSfe

S $

$$





June 1,1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

Rock Isiand (III.) District—ContinuedBread—Continued.

Machine shops—Continued.Helpers—

First 6 months.................................................................. $0,550 40 $0,538 40After 6 months............................................................... .650 40 .638 40leers, hand wrappers, female............................................ .475 40 .450 40

Pie and pastry:Foremen________________________________________ ______ 1.000 40 1.000 40First hands_____________________________________________ .900 40 .900 40Second hand, scalers..................................................................... .850 40 .850 40

St. Louis, Mo.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

Night work:Foremen........ ........................................................................ .937 48 .894 48Second or bench hands........................................................... .850 48 .811 48

Bread only—Machine shops:Day work:

Foremen.............. ............................................................. . 1.273 40 1.248 40Spongers, oven hands............................................................. 1.163 40 1.138 40First hands, scalers....... ......................................................... 1.080 40 1.055 40Bench or machine hands........................................................ 1.053 40 1.028 40Bread counters........... ............................................................ .888 40 .863 40Helpers, pan greasers............................................................. .860 40 .835 40Ingredient scalers........... .................. ..................................... .738 40 .713 40Wrapping- or slicing-machine operators. ................................ .663 40 .638 40Beltmen................................................................................. .588 40 .563 40Auxiliary workers:

Packers, car crews—Beginners, first 6 months........................................... .650 40 .613 40Experienced................................. ............................. .700 40 .663 40

Miscellaneous male help—Beginners, first 6 months........................................... .525 40 .488 40Experienced.............................................................. .575 40 .538 40Foreladies....................... ................................................. .525 40 .488 40Miscellaneous female help—Beginners, first 6 months........................................... .425 40 .388 40Experienced............................................................... .475 40 .438 40Night work:

Foremen................. .............................................................. 1.328 40 1.303 40Spongers, oven hands............................................................. 1.218 40 1.193 40Assistant spongers..... .......................................................... 1.163 40 1.138 40First bench hands, scalers...................................................... 1.135 40 1.110 40Bench or machine hands.................................. .................... 1.108 40 1.083 40Helpers, pan' greasers.............................................................. .915 40 .890 40Bread counters....................................................................... .913 40 .888 40Ingredient scalers............................. ...................................... .763 40 .738 40Slicing- or wrapping-machine operators.................................. .688 40 .663 40Beltmen............. ....... ........................................................... .613 40 .588 40

Cake only—Machine shops:Foremen____________________________________________ _ 1.273 40 1.248 40Ovenmen, mixers............ ............................................................. 1.163 40 1.138 40Machine hands............................................................................. 1.053 40 1.028 40Helpers______ __________ _____________________ _________ .860 40 .835 40Icing mixers, ingredient scalers..................................................... .824 40 .799 40Auxiliary workers:

Car crews—Beginners, first 6 months.................................................. .650 40 .613 40Experienced...................................................................... .700 40 .663 40

Miscellaneous male help—Beginners, first 6 months.................................................. .525 40 .488 40Experienced..................................................................... .575 40 .538 40

Foreladies.................... .......................................................... .525 40 .488 40Miscellaneous female help—

Beginners, first 6 months.................................................. .425 40 .388 40Experienced...................................................................... .475 40 .438 40

Pie and pastry:Foremen _ _ _ 1,273 40 1.248 40Mixers, ovenmen... ...................................................................... 1.163 40 1.138 40Sealers _ _ _ _ 1.080 40 1.055 40Machine feeders............................................................................ 1.053 40 1.028 40Cooks................................................................ ....................... .860 40 .835 40Fillers, coverers, markers, take-off men, bus boys......................... .558 40 .533 40



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June 1, 1942, and June 1, 1941— Continued


St. Louis, Mo.—ContinuedHebrew baking—Night work:

Foremen, bakers, ovenmen............. .............Second hands............................................... .Third hands....................................... ..........Miscellaneous helpers...................................

St. Paul, Minn.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

Foremen of 6 or more employees...................................................Foremen of 5 or less employees.....................................................Ovenmen, mixers.........................................................................Bench hands.............. ....... ..........................................................Wrapping-machine operators.......................................................

Bread only—Machine shops:Foremen............................ ........................................................Sponge or dough mixers, ovenmen, oven operators...... ............... .Bench hands, dividers, molders, bun-machine operators..............Oven feeders or dumpers...................................................... .......Slicing- or wrapping-machine operators.... ...................................Oven or bench hand helpers, twisters, panners........................... .Helpers—

First 6 months............. .......... ...............................................After 6 months...................................................................... .

Fcreladies or girls-in-charge.......... ...............................................Finishers, packers, wrappers, female—

First 6 months...................................................................... .After 6 months.......................................................................

Cake only—Machine shops:Foremen..___ ______________________ __________________Mixers, icers, ovenmen.____ ______ _______________________Ingredient scalers, fruit cookers, doughnut-machine operators,

depositor operators, drop-machine operators............................Helpers—

First 6 months...................................................................... .After 6 months.......................................................................

Female employees:Foreladies................. ............................................................Wrapping-machine operators................................................Wrappers, packers, finishers—

First 6 months................................................................After 6 months............................ ...................................

Crackers and cookies:Peelers, ovenmen........... ...........................................................Rollermen...................................................................................Other male employees—

First 6 months................ ................................. ...................7 to 12 months. .....................................................................After 1 year................... .......................................................

Cookie or cracker packers, female................................................Other female employees—

First 6 months......................................................................7 to 12 months .......................................................................Second year........... ..............................................................After 2 years..........................................................................

Salt Lake City, UtahBread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen_______________________Oven or doughmen............................Bench hands.............. ......................Wrapping or shipping helpers...........

Machine shops:Foremen...........................................Dough mixers or ovenmen. ..............Scalers........... ............. ...................Machinemen or bench hands...........Bread wrappers, shipping clerks.......Checkers— ____ ___________ _____Bread rackers and pan greasers........ .Foreladies......... .............................. .Wrapping or shipping helpers...........leers, female____________ _______ _Wrappers or packers, female........... .

J u n e 1 ,, 1942 Jun e 1 , 1941

R a te per h o u r

H o u rsp e r

w e e kR a te per

h o u rH ou rs

p erw e e k

$1.158 48 $1.158 48.984 48 .984 48.787 48 .787 48.394 48 .394 48

.938 48 .875 48

.833 48 .771 48

.771 48 .708 48

.750 48 .688 48

.583 48

1.075 40 1.000 40.925 40 .850 40.875 40 .800 40.815 40 .740 40.815 40 .700 40.725 40 .650 40

.625 40 .550 40

.700 40 .625 40

.725 40 .550 40

.480 40 .420 40

.540 40 .480 40

1.075 40 1.000 40.875 40 .800 40

.775 40 .700 40

.625 40 .550 40

.700 40 .625 40

.725 40 .550 40

.700 40 .625 40

.480 40 .420 40

.540 40 .480 40

87.825 40 .800 40. 87.700 40 .650 40

. 88.450 40 .450 4088.500 40 .500 40

. 87.575 40 .550 40.525 40 .500 40

8.350 40 .350 40. 89.375 40 .350 40

1.400 40 .400 401.425 40 .400 40

.875 48 .833 48

.771 48 .702 48

.719 48 .650 48

.573 48 .463 48

1.050 40 1.000 40.930 40 .825 40.870 40 .810 40.820 40 .725 40.750 40 .675 40.700 40 .625 40.650 40 .575 40.600 40 .525 40.550 40 .525 40.530 40 .475 40.480 1 40 .425 40



BAKING INDUSTRY 53T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the B a kery Trades in Selected Cities,


June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

San Francisco, Calif.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Agreement A:

Foremen, ovenmen, mixers....................... ................... $1.113 42 $0,970 42Bench hands..................................... .................. ............ 1.052 42 .910 42

Agreement B:Foremen, ovenmen__________________________ _____ 1.110 40 .988 40Bench hands_______________ _____________________ 1.050 40 .919 40

Machine shops:Women’s auxiliary:

Ornamental hand icers____________ _______________ .850 40 .780 40Foreladies...... ................................................................. .790 40 .690 40Hand icing girls (after 3 months)...................................... .700 40 .600 40Hand icing girls (first 3 months), icing-machine girls,

supervisors, cutters, head department girls.................... .650 40 .550 40Wrappers, packers, pan girls, boxers, box assorters, toast

girls, helpers, etc........................................................... .590 40 .500 40Bread only:

Foremen, ovenmen_____________________ __________ 1.380 38 1.178 36Mixers.......................................... ................................... 1.320 38 1.178 36Bench hands............ ........... ....... ................................... 1.230 38 1.092 36Flour blenders................... .............................................. 1.140 38 1.017 36Helpers (after 1 year)__________ ________________ __ .980 38 .874 30

French and Italian baking: Hand shops:

Foremen, ovenmen, mixers........... ....................................... . 1.123 42 .980 42Bench hands..................................... - ................................... 1.024 42 .881 42

Machine shops:Foremen, ovenmen, mixers........... ......................................... 1.209 39 1.056 39Bench hands........................................... .............................. 1.103 39 .949 39

Crackers and cookies: Company A:

Machinemen, mixers, ovenmen. ......................... .................. 1.135 40 1.075 40Reliefmen............... ............................................................... 1.060 40 1.000 40Cellophane or wax wrapping-machine men............................ .998 40 .938 40Mixers’ helpers...................................................................... .955 40 .895 40leers _ _ .940 40 .880 40Shippers, receivers____________________________________ .910 40 .850 40Benchmen____ _____ ___________________________ ____ .860 40 .800 40Female employees:

Supervisors...................................................................... .625 40 .585 40Weighers, carton or caddy formers, wrappers, bundlers,

relief girls, stitchers, cellophane bag-machine operators. . .590 40 .550 40Icing girls, sweet packers.................................................. .553 40 .513 40

Companies B and C:Machinemen, head mixers_____________________________ 1.103 40 1.043 40Peelers, ovenmen, relief men....... ....... ................................... 1.053 40 .993 40Rollermen_____ _____________________________________ .988 40 .928 40Sponge-oven or mixers’ helpers..............................................Wrapping-machine set-up men, icers, sugar-wafer men..........

.955 40 .895 40

.940 40 .880 40Sweet-oven helpers; icers’ helpers; sweet-dough feeders; pan

greasers or feeders; assemblymen; traveling-oven feeders,rate A; sugar-wafer men’s helpers........................................ .890 40 .830 40

Shippers or receivers.................................... ......................... .860 40 .800 40Dough feeders’ helpers; traveling-oven feeders, rate B______Wrapping-machine helpers, stackers......................... ............Truckers or general helpers__________ ________________

.815 40 .755 40

.790 40 .730 40

.753 40 .693 40Female employees:

Supervisors...................................................................... .625 40 .585 40Sugar-wafer oven girls, sugar-wafer spreaders, weighers,

carton or caddy formers, wrappers or bundlers, cellophane bag-machine operators, sample girls, relief girls, sponge stackers, stitching-machine operators, sponge

40packers....... ......................................... ............. ....... . .590 40 .550Girls working part-time on sponge and part-time on

.570sweet------- -------------------------------------------------------- 40 .530 40Can renovators, sweet packers, icing and sugar-wafer girls. .553 40 .513 40

Scranton, Pa.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Company A:

Second hands................................................................... .771 48 .739 48Bench hands..................................................................... .667 48 .635 48Helpers............................................................................. .438 48 .417 48



T able 8 - - Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June I , 1942, and June I , 1941— Continued


June 1,1942 June 1

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hour

$0,760 48 $0,718.697 48 .656.636 48 .594.438 48 .396

.950 40 .900

.925 40 .875

.875 40 .825

.800 40 .750

.775 40 .725

.750 40 .700

.725 40 .675

.700 40 .650

.675 40 .625

.625 40 .625

.475 40 .450

.425 40 .400

.978 40 .978

.865 40 .865

.810 40 .810

.800 40 .800

.760 40 .760

.710 40 .710

.675 40 .675

.650 40 .650

.625 40 .625

.600 40 .600

.550 40 .550

1.028 40 .953.950 40 .875925 40 .825

.850 40 .775

.815 40 .740

.785 40 .685

.769 40 .694

.735 40 .660

.725 40 .650

.700 40 .625

.700 40 .600

.650 40 .550

.625 40 .5751.000 40 1.000.950 40 .950.900 40 .900.825 40 .825.800 40 .800.775 40 .750.725 40 .700.700 40 .675.650 40 .625.750 40 .725.725 40 .700.700 40 .675.675 40 .650.650 40 .625.625 40 575.575 40 .525.550 40 .500.525 40 .475.500 40 .450

Hoursper

week

Scranton, Pa.—ContinuedBread and cake—Continued.

Hand shops—Continued.Company B:

First hands.....................................................................Second hands...................................................................Bench hands, ovenmen __................................................Wrappers, helpers............................................................


Relief men________ _____— ................................... .Receiving clerks. .............................................................Mixers__________________________________________Oven operators, stockmen, cake depositors...................Divider or molder operators________________________Flour blenders, doughnut-machine operators, scalers,

pan rackers, benchmen, steam-box men-------- -----------Tray-oven men, oven feeders or dumpers, mixers’ helpers,

oven bread rackers, wrapping-machine operators, small-roll men _____________________________________

Cake dumpers, twisters, bread packers or truckers,loaders________________________________________

Industrial-pan washers, doughnut-machine helpers.........General helpers______________ ____________________Female employees:

Pan greasers, cake cutters, wrappers......................Selectors, bench helpers, icers, cake shop girls,

wrappers.................................................................Company B*

Shipping clerks...............................................................Molders... ........................................................................Mixers........... ..................................................................Head benchmen__________________ _______________Dividers, flour blenders, mixers’ helpers, firemen.......... .Pan greasers or setters, ovenmen, proof-box men.............Assistant shipping clerks..._____ ______ ____________Molding-machine helpers....... ....... .............. .................Bench hands, traveling-oven tenders, wrappers...............Hand wrappers or packers.................... ..........................Utilitymen, receiving clerks, helpers (extra)....................


Shipping clerks_______________________ _______________Utilitymen, peel-ovenmen, molder operators........................Mixers.............. .....................................................................Divider operators...................................................................Flour blenders.......................................................................Mixers’ helpers. ...................................................................Pan greasers...........................................................................Pan setters.......... ....... .........................................................Assistant shipping clerks........... ....... .....................................Traveling-oven men, molders’ helpers....................................Wrappers.............. ................................................................Wrappers’ helpers... ..............................................................General helpers.... ..................................................................

Company B:Tray-oven feeders or dumpers................................................Mixers........... ........................................................................Shipping clerks. .................................................. ..................Mixers’ helpers ......................................................................Flour blenders, oven rackers..................................................Molder operators, dividers, general helpers............................Bread packers____________________ ___________________Wrapping-machine operators, pan rackers..............................Pan greasers...........................................................................

Cake only—Machine shops:Miscellaneous help, rate A ..........................................................Mixers, scalers, first ovenmen.......................................................Second ovenmen_____________________________ __________Third ovenmen; depositors; miscellaneous help, rate B................Icing mixers; shipping clerks; raw-material men, rate A ...............Wrapping-machine operators___________________ __________Depositors’ helpers; dumpers; raw-material men, rate B; ship

ping-room helpers, rate A.... .....................................................Greasers............. ..........................................................................Box sorters, rate A........... ............................................................Shipping-room helpers, rate B........ .............................................

4848

40404040

££

££

££

£

££

££

££

££

£

££

££

££

££

££

££

£

££

££

££

££

££

£

£ £

££

£

£ £

££

££




June 1, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0,412 40.462 40.475 40.525 40.376 40.426 40.438 40.488 40.475 40.775 40.775 40.725 40.650 40.650 40.450 40.925 40.815 40.750 40.600 40.550 40.525 40.500 40.425 40.350 40

.375 40

.350 40

.335 40

.325 40

.963 40

.850 40

.625 40

.688 40

.775 40

.750 40

.650 40

.450 40

.525 40

.563 40

.600 401.420 361.354 361.277 36.978 36.972 36

1.094 36.939 36

1.061 36.980 40.900 40.880 40.840 40.835 40.790 40.770 40


June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Scranton, Pa.—ContinuedCake only—Machine shops—Continued,

leers—Rate A................................................................................. .Rate B... .............................................................................. .Rate C.................................................................................. .Rate D.......... ....................................................................... .

Wrappers, female—Rate A...................................................................................Rate B...................................................................................Rate C...................................................................................Rate D.......... ........................................................................

Box sorters, rate B______________________________________Variety baking—Machine shops:

Shippers___________________________________ ______ ____Mixers, traveling-oven feeders____________________________Bench hands_________________________ __________________Bench helpers. ____ _____________________________________Wrappers_________________________________ ____________Pan greasers or rackers, general helpers........................................

Crackers and cookies:Mixers.............. ...........................................................................Foremen, working. ......................................................................Shipping clerks_____________ ___________ -............................Marshmallow mixers.................... ....... .......................................Ovenmen, peelers, machinemen...................................................Assistant machinemen___________________________________Mixers’ or ovenmen’s helpers; assistant shipping clerks; dough

rollers, rate A_________________________________________Stackers; pan or oven feeders; dough rollers, rate B___________Flour blenders, sugar grinders, pan catchers or greasers, general

helpers......................................................................... ............Female employees:

Foreladies, working—Rate A ................................... ....................... ................ .Rate B___ ____________________________________

Machine operators; marshmallow operators; box machineoperators; bundlers, rate A_______________ __________ _

Stackers; packers; bundlers, rate B; and all others_________Seattle, Wash.

Bread and cake—Machine shops:Stockmen.............. ........ ................Assistant stockmen, men-in-charge.. Helpers—

1 to 6 months. ...........................7 to 12 months ..........................After 1 year............................ .

Female employees:Floorladies........ ........................Assistant floorladies...................Helpers—

1 to 3 months. ................... .4 to 12 months .....................13 to 24 months. ................ .After 2 years........................

Bread only:Foremen..... .............................Mixers, oven or machine men...Bench hands........ .....................Control-room men. ...................Helpers (day work)—

1 year’s experience...............2 years’ experience. .............

Helpers (night work)—1 year’s experience...............2 years’ experience...............

Crackers and cookies:Machinemen....................................Mixers............................................Peelers.................... .......................Receiving clerks. ............................Ovenmen.........................................Rollermen.... ...................................Scalers, wrappers.............................

$0,362.412.425.475

.413

.425

.475

.425

.775

.750

.700

.600

.625

.400

.925

.815

.750

.600

.550

.525

.500

.425

.350

.375

.350

.335

.325

.875

.750

.575

.650

.563

.413

.488

.5131.291 1.231 1.161

.994

.853

.964

.868

.830

.805

.780

.755

.720

.718 gg

gg

gg

g

gg

gg

ggg

g

g: g

g gg

gg

: gg

gg

gg

g

gg

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T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June 2, 2942, and June 2, 2942— Continued


Seattle, Wash.—ContinuedCrackers and cookies—Continued.

Ovenmen’s helpers........................................................................Mixers’ helpers..................- ........................................................Sugar-wafer men...........................................................................Stackers..... ........._............................. —....... ..............................Icing helpers, pan cleaners, feeders, general helpers......................Female employees:

Combination or experienced sponge packers...................... .Icing or sugar-wafer department.............................................Plain sweet packers................................................................

South Bend, Tnd.Bread and cake—Hand shops:

Union A:First hands________________________ —_______________Second hands............. ...........................................................

Union B:Company A:

Bakers, first-class. .................................................. ........Bakers, second-class.........................................................

Company B:Bakers, first-class...................._........................................Bakers, second-class.........................................................Helpers..... .......................................................................

Bread only—Machine shops:Union A:

Ovenmen_____ _____________________________________Mixers, dividers.................. ...................... ................... .......Moldermen____ ____________________________________Bake shop or mixers’ helpers, conveyormen...........................Oven feeders................................. .........................................Moldermen’s helpers, oven dumpers.................. ...................Checkers........................................................—.....................Packers____________________________________________Slicers, wrappers....................................................................

Union B :40Mixers, dividermen, ovenmen, head benchmen, receiving

clerks.......... ........................................................................Molder operators....................................................................Benchmen....... ......................................................................Mixers’ or molders’ helpers....................................................Checkers........... ....... ............. ........................ —...................Bake-shop helpers, conveyormen............................................Stockroom men......................................................................Packers..... ............................................................................Slicers, wrappers................................................................... .Stale checkers.........................................................................

Spokane, Wash.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Foremen, mixers, ovenmen..................................Machine hands. .................................................Bench hands.......................................................Dumpers’ helpers............ — ..............................Flour blenders, packers, shipping or stock clerks.Bread rackers, machine wrappers.....................Helpers........................... .................................Cake and cookie wrappers, female—

First 2 months.............................. - .............After 2 months................ ............................


Peelers..........................................................Machinemen................. ..............................Mixers..___ _________________________Ovenmen..... ................................................Receiving clerks. .........................................Scalemen or wrappers...................................Rollermen.......... ..........................................Ovenmen’s helpers.-....................................Mixers’ helpers.............................................Stackers.......................................................

June 1,, 1942

Rate pec hour

Hoursper

week

$0.770 40.730 40.705 40.660 40.655 40.500 40.460 40.450 40

.833 48

.771 48

.771 48

.750 48

.688 48

.447 48

.375 48

.950 40

.850 40

.790 40

.750 40

.730 40

.690 40

.670 40

.600 40

.550 40

.850 40

.820 40

.800 40

.720 40

.700 40

.680 40

.650 40

.630 40

.570 40

.550 40

1.271 401.213 401.155 40.988 40.888 40.888 40.835 40.520 40.604 40

.920 40

.920 40

.880 40

.805 40

.800 40

.790 40

.770 40

.760 40

.730 40

.660 40

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$0.710

.610

.605

.688

.771

.750

.656

.417

.322

.850

.650

.630

.590

.570

.440

.750

.720

.700

.620

.600

.580

.550

.530

.470

.450

1.155 1.103 1.050.788.735

.504

.800

.690

.690

.690

.680

.690

.625

.550

.500

.530See footnotes at end of table (p. 61).

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

si

si

s:

S

SS

S

SS

SS

SS

SS

S

SS

SS

SS

SS

S

&&

&

&£

SS

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ss

ss

s




June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Spokane, Wash.—Continued

Crackers and cookies—Continued.Company A—Continued.

Pan cleaners, feeders ...... ..... ........ ..... $0.655 .655

40 $0,500 40Other helpers , _ . ...... .... . 40Floorladies_________________________________________________ .550 40Experienced sponge or plain sweet packers, female _ _ _ .480 40 .420 40Experienced icing-room girls. ___ 1______ __________________ .460 40 .400 40Other experienced female employees - - ...................- .450 40 .400 40

Companies B and C:Machinemen . . . .918 40 .868 40Mixers ............ - .880 40 .830 40Peelers .........- .855 40 .805 40Ovenmen__________________________________________________ .805 40 .755 40Rollermen .770 40 .720 40

.760 40 .710 40Miners’ helpers ....... ............ . . . ___ .730 40 .680 40Rollermen’s helpers________________________________________ .680 40 .630 40Stackers ________ - .660 40 .610 40Other helpers ... . _ ________ _ ... .. _ _ _ . .655 40 .605 40Floorladies _________ __________________________________ .550 40 .450 40Experienced sponge nr plain sweet packers, female „ .480 40 .445 40Experienced icing-room girls________________________________ .460 40 .430 40Other experienced female employees .430 40 .400 40

Springfield, Mass.Bread and cake:

Hand shops:Foremen _ _ _ _ 1.000 48 .938 48"Hough mixers .917 48 .833 48Ren eh hands .802 48 .729 48

Machine shops: Company A:

Foremen 1.075 40 1.000 40Honph mixers .975 40 .900 40Assistant foremen, floormen, peel-oven men .950 40 .875 40Ponveyor-oven men, bench hands ___ __ .825 40 .750 40■Dividers, scalers _ _ . .. ... . .800 40 .725 40Molder operators - - .775 40 .700 40A11 other male employees _ _ ......... ...... .750 40 .675 40Foreladies ...... .575 40 .525 40All other female employees _ .440 40 .390 40

Company B:Dough mixers . . .. .925 40Cake foremen _. . . __ ______________________ _ .800 40Ovenmen ____________________________________ .775 40Divider operators, reliefmen, shipping-room employees— Molder operators, cake-room helpers ________

.750 40

.700 40Cake icers, female _______ ______________ .450 40Helpers, female ......... ...... .400 40


Foremen . T ____ _ 1.075 40 1.000 40Hough miners ., „ .975 40 .900 40Rench foremen _ ....... .950 40 .875 40Peel-oven men. ___________________________________________ .850 40 .775 40Rench hands, order men for retail stores _ .825 40 .750 40Conveyor-oven men, dividers, scalers, pan greasers. _ _ .800 40 .725 40Molder operators ___ .775 40 .700 40Coolermen, helpers (male) .750 40 .675 40Paeker<5, slices, receiving-room employees _ . _ .......... .725 40 .650 40Foreladies _ _ ... . .550 40 .500 40Helpers, female ~~ .440 40 .390 40

Company B:Reliefmen __ .975 40 .900 40Hongh mixers ... ______ .925 40 .850 40Divider operators, oven feeders .825 40 .750 40M ilder operators .775 40 .700 40All other male employees __ _. .675 40 .600 40

Hebrew baking:Hough mixers r . 1.173 45 1.067 45Bench hands....... ................................................................ - ................... .960 45 .800 45



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities,June I , 194£, and June I , 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

weekRate per

hourHours

perweek

$0.841 44 $0,625 48.795 44.705 44 .500 48.659 44 .417 48.614 44.568 44 .375 48.568 44 .417 48.477 44 .271 48.477 44 .292 48.432 44 .300 48.666 48.542 48.521 48.375 48

.720 40 .600 40

.660 40 .550 40

.540 40 .450 40

.480 40 .375 40

.420 40

.925 40 .800 40

.775 40 .650 40

.725 40 .600 40

.625 40 .525 40

.625 40 .500 40

.625 40 .525 40

.600 40 .

.525 40 ” ” .‘ 450’ 40

.479 48 .458 48

.438 48 .417 48

.354 48 .333 48

.795 44 .614 44

.614 44 .500 44

.568 44 .432 44

.477 44 .341 44

.795 44 .636 44

.614 44 .523 44

.568 44 .455 44

.477 44 .386 44

.636 44 .542 48

.523 44 .438 48

.700 50 .680 50

.360 50 .340 50

.554 48 .482 48

.493 48 .429 48

.431 48 .375 48

.349 48 .304 48

.266 48 .232 48

.917 48 .833 48

.799 48 .729 48

.750 48 .667 48

.695 48 .625 48

.900 40 .830 40

.850 40 .780 40

.830 40 .760 40

.820 40 .750 40

.800 40 .730 40


Tampa, Fla.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Company A:Foremen..... .......................................................................... .Head cake men__...............................................................—Mixers..... ........................................................................... .Ovenmen.......... ..................................................................Second cake men..............................................................—Bench or machine men..._______ _________ _____________Wrapping-machine operators.................................................Wrapping-machine helpers...................................... —Helpers.......... .......................................................................Hand wrappers..................................................................... .

Company B:Foremen or cake men.............................................................Bread or combination men............................... .................. .Second cake men........... .......................................................Doughnut men....... ............................................................. .


Mixers..... ............................................................................. .Ovenmen...................... .............................. .........................Machine or bench men__ ____________________________Machine bread-wrappers.......................................................Helpers...................... .......................................................... .

Companies B and C:Bake-shop foremen.................................................................Mixers................................................................................. .Ovenmen__________ ________________ _____ _________ _Bench hands, machine wrappers..........—........... ................Machinemen, Company B____________________________Machinemen, Company C................... .............. ....... ......... .Oven loaders or dumpers...................................................... .Helpers................. ................................................................

Company D:Mixers..... ............................................................................. .Ovenmen........ ............... .................................................... .Bread-machine wrappers.......................................................

Cake only—Hand shops:Head cake men . . ............................................................ ...........Second cake men................................ ........................ ........... .Pie men.............. ................................................... ................... .Helpers------------------------ -------------------- ---------------------------

Cake, pie, and pastry—Machine shops:Company A:

Head cake or pastry men. .................................................... .Second cake or pastry men....................................................Pie men............................................... .................................Helpers................................................................................ .

Company B:Head cake men......................................................................Second cake men................................................................... .

Company C:Head cake men.................................................................... .Helpers___ ____—............................................................... .

Latin hand shops:Master bakers..................... ....................................................... .Bakers, master dough mixers...................................................... .Dough mixers..................................................................... ........Benchmen..... ..............................................................................Helpers.........................................................................................

Toledo, OhioBread and cake:

Hand shops:First hands.......................................................................... .Second hands........................................................................ .Third hands.......................................................................... .Helpers..... .............................................................................

Machine shops:First mixers, first peel-oven men............................................Bread bench hands, cake-bench foremen....... .................... .Second mixers, second peel-oven men reel-oven men, roll

bench hands_________________ ____________________ _Ingredientmen; cake mixers, ovenmen or benchmen....... .......Dividermen, bread-wrapper operators frymen (cake, dough

nuts, yeast raised products).................................................


BAKING INDUSTRY 59T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities9



Toledo, Ohio—ContinuedBread and cake—Continued.

Machine shops—Continued.Moldermen............................................................................Automatic-machine frymen (cakes and doughnuts), bread

slicers or rackers, wrappers, helpers, shipping-room employees, general helpers............ ........................... _............

Female employees (after 9 months)...................... ..................Bread only:

First mixers.....................................................................Second mixers................. ........................ ........................Traveling-oven men, dividers, moldermen, mixers’

helpers...... ....... ....... ....................................................Wrapping-machine men...................................................Molaers’ helpers................... ....... ...................................All other helpers in bake shop, wrapping, packing, or

shipping department.....................................................Cake only:

Ingredient scalers, dough or icing mixers, depositors,ovenmen................ .......................................................

Dough mixers’ helpers.....................................................Wrapping-machine operators....................................... .Depositors’ helpers, dumpers...........................................Packers, stockroom men...................................................M iscellaneous employees, male........................................Icing-machine operators, female.......................................Other female employees....................................................

Pie and pastry:Ovenmen, m ixers.......... ............................ .................................Bench hands, fillers.............................. .......................................Helpers, male................... ...........................................................Female employees.......................................................................

Crackers and cookies:Baking department:

Traveling-oven or machine men.............................................Machinemen..........................................................................Head mixers...........................................................................Peelers. ........ .........................................................................Ovenmen, roliermen....... .......................................................Flour dumpers, machine reliefmen..................... ...................Ovenxnen’s helpers___________________________________Sponge mixers....... ................ ....................................... .......Pan greasers, pan boys..................... ......................................

Icing department:Machinemen________ _____ ________________ _________Chocolate mixers....................................................................Marshmallow mixers, icers.....................................................General helpers.......................................................................Female employees:

Foreladies, working................... ................... ........... ......Icers, marshmallow-machine feeders, packers, case

formers............................................... .........................Scalers, supply hands, assistant icers..............................Separators............. ..........................................................Crimp-pack operators......................................................

Packing department:Set-up men.............................................................................Scalers....................................................................................General help................................................. ........................Female employees:

Working foreladies, hand bundlers...................................Machine bundlers..___ _________ ________ __________Bench bundlers, scalers, carton makers, sponge packers._ Wrapper feeders, sweet packers, case and caddy makers..Packers, stackers..............................................................General helpers.................................................................

Receiving department:Stock clerks.............................................................................Stockmen................................................................................

Shipping department:Head shippers.........................................................................Order fillers............................................................................Stockmen.............. ................................................................Assistant night stock clerks.....................................................Assistant day stock clerks.......................................................Conveyormen.........................................................................

June 1, 1942 June 1, 1941

Rate per Hours Rate per Hourshour week hour per

week

$0,730 40 $0,660 40

.700 40 .630 40

.520 40 .470 40

.940 40 .890 40

.890 40 .790 40

.810 40 .740 40

.790 40 .690 40

.760 40 .690 40

.710 40 .640 40

.860 40 .790 40

.760 40 .690 40

.740 40 .670 40

.720 40 .650 40

.700 40 .630 40

.670 40 .600 40

.550 40 .500 40

.520 40 .470 40

.740 48 .688 48

.640 48 587 48

.540 48

.420 48 .394 48

.990 40 .885 40

.955 40 .845 40

.875 40 .715 40

.875 40 .865 40

.825 40 .715 40

.805 40 .765 40

.805 40 .685 40

.805 40 .695 40

.745 40 .635 40

.855 40 .745 40

.825 40 .715 40

.725 40 .585 40.610 40

.645 40 .535 40

.575 40 .465 40

.555 40 .445 40

.540 40 .410 40

.520 40 .410 40

.875 40 .765 40

.725 40 .615 40

.645 40 .535 40

.645 40 .535 40

.615 40 .505 40

.595 40 .485 40

.555 40 445 40

.520 40 .410 40

.450 40

.805 40 .695 40

.725 40 .615 401.110 40 1.000 40.907 40 .797 40.845 40 .735 40.820 40 .660 40.770 40 .660 40.710 40



T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities9June 2, 1942, and June 2, 1941— Continued


June 1, 1942

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

$1.150 40.750 40.650 40

1.350 40.850 40.700 40

1.025 40.900 40.800 40.750 40650 40

.700 40

.375 40

.400 40

.450 40

.781 48

.583 48

. 542 48

.417 48

.350 48

.575 40

.555 40

.550 40

.500 40

.400 40

.350 40

1.100 40.950 40.905 40.875 40.820 40.775 40.737 40.675 40.600 40

1.050 40.875 40.825 40.750 40.725 40.700 40.675 40.650 40.600 40.575 40

. 1.146 48

. 1.042 48

June 1,1941

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Washington, D. C.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Day work:Journeymen......................Helpers............................Packers or wrappers.........

Night work:Journeymen................. .Helpers............. ..............Packers or wrappers.........

Wichita, Kans.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Foremen.......................................................................................Mixers, spongers or ovenmen, head pastry men...........................Bench hands or machinemen, second pastry men.........................Bread twisters..............................................................................Bake-shop helpers......... .............................................................Wrapping-machine operators, checkers........................................Female help—

1 to 3 months............... .... ........................... .........................4 to 6 months............ .......... ............. .................................. .After 6 months........ ........... ........ .......................................

Pie and pastry—Hand shops:Foremen.......................................................................................Ovenmen, combination bakers, or soft-pie men............................Machine operators, dough mixers, or fruit cookers.......................Helpers.............................~ ....................................................... .

Machine helpers or shell makers, female............................... .Crackers and cookies:

Foremen, peel-in and sweet bakers, or peel-in and sweet crew.........Mixers.........................................................................................Sponge or graham bakers and sweet crew..................................Second mixers, peel-out and sweet crew, rollermen and sweet

crew, sponge- or graham-dough feeders and sweet crew, edgers,pan greasers................................................................... - ..........

Pan feeders................................................. .................................Packers or wrappers, female........ ................................................

Worcester, Mass.Bread and cake—Machine shops:

Agreement A:Foremen......................... .... ....................—........Peel-oven men.................. ..................................Mixers.................................................................Molders, bench hands, shipping packers.............Flour sifters, etc......... ........................................Mixers’ helpers, dividers, gas-oven men, rackers-.Wrapping-machine operators.............................. .Pan boys.............................................................General helpers.................................................. .

Agreement B:Foremen.________________________________ _Mixers.................................... ........................... .Assistant packers................................................ .Batchmen........................................................... .Senior dividermen, moldermen............................Junior dividermen, mixers’ helpers.................... .Hand wrappers, oven loaders, or dumpers...........Wrappers.............................................................Helpers............................................................... .Bread rackers.......................................................

Hebrew baking:Foremen....................................................................Second hands...........................................................

$1.100 .700 .600

1.300.800.650

.875

.700

.650

.550

.500

1.050 .875 .830 .800 .745 .723 .662 .600 .600

1.146 1.042

4848

: :

: :

: :

: :

; :

! :

: :

: S

SS

SS

S

SS

fe

feS


BAKING INDUSTRY 61T able 8.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Bakery Trades in Selected Cities*

June I , 1942, and June 1 , 1941— Continued

June 1, 1942 June 1,1941


hourHours

perweek

Rate per hour

Hoursper

week

Youngstown, OhioBread:

Hand shops:Foremen, working.......... .... ................................................... $0,930 48 $0,830 48Ovenmen, mixers............................-...................................... .870 48 .770 48Bench hands........................................................................... .810 48 .710 48Helpers______ ______________________________— _____ .600 48 .500 48Helpers, female...................................................................... .510 48 .410 48

Machine shops:Ovenmen, mixers.................................................................... .900 40 .825 40Bench or machine hands, mixers’ helpers............................... .825 40 .750 40Dumpers, feeders.................................................................... .770 40 .695 40Bake-shop helpers.................................................................. .730 40 .655 40Checkers, shippers.................................................................. .720 40 .645 40Chutemen, wrapping-machine set-up men, bread rackers___Packers, wrapping- or slicing-machine operators, feeders,

.700 40 .625 40take-off men........................................................................ .660 40 .585 40

Bread rackers, female............................................................. .600 40 .525 40Hand wrappers, female........................................................... .580 40 .505 40’

Hebrew baking:O v e n m e n __ . ... . 1.025 48 .925 48Mirers .950 48 .850 48Bench hands........... ................................................................. .810 48 .738 48Bench helpers.............................................................................. .600 48 .502 48

15 cents per hour increase, July 1,1942.2 5 cents per hour increase for head henchmen and 2J4 cents per hour increase for checkers and shipping:

clerks, July 1, 1942.3 2Yi cents per hour increase, July 1,1942.* 44-hour week, June 15 to Sept. 1, in 1941 and 1942.* 2H cents per hour increase for all classifications, Aug. 1,1942.* 4 cents per hour increase, June 22,1942, and 4 cents per hour increase Oct. 1,1942, for all classifications-* $1,000 per hour if employed less than 8 hours per day.«$0,900 per hour if employed less than 8 hours per day.* Agreement permits 45 hours.i° Piece work permitted under a guaranty of 47 cents per hour, n Piece work permitted under a guaranty of 44 cents per hour.12 5 cents per hour increase, June 19,1942.13 3 cents per hour increase, June 19,1942.i* 2H cents oer hour increase, June 19, 1942.13 $1,229 pei hour when working with 2 ovens.M Agreement permits 48 hours.1? Agreement permits 44 hours.13 Time and one-half after 40 hours per week for all classifications. i« $0,790 per hour, June 8,1942. so $0,550 per hour, June 8, 1942.2i $0,520 per hour, June 8,1942.2214 cents per hour less when working on flour.23 6 cents per hour increase for all classifications, Sept. 1,1942.24 $0,842 per hour, Aug. 4, 1942.23 $0,787 per hour, Aug. 4,1942.26 $0,704 per hour, Aug. 4,1942.27 $0,530 per hour, Aug. 4,1942.28 $0,676 per hour, Aug. 4, 1942.2» $0,597 per hour, Aug. 4,1942.so 6 cents per hour increase for all classifications, June 15,1942.31 2 cents per hour increase, July 1,1942, and 2 cents per hour increase, Oct. 1,1942, for all classificatlonsw32 2H cents per hour increase for all classifications, June 9, 1942.33 Agreement permits 42 hours.34 6 U cents per hour increase, Aug. 1,1942.35 plus an annual bonus of $250.3610 percent increase for all classifications, July 1, 1942.37 7H cents per hour increase, July 1,1942.3810 cents per hour increase, July 1, 1942.89 3 H cents per hour increase, July 1, 1942.4610 cents per hour increase for all classifications, June 24, 1942.
