UNDERSTANDING ADULT LEARNERS Characteristics of Adult LearnerLearning StylesPerceptual ModalitiesCognitive Overload*

PEDAGOGICAL VERSUS ANDRAGOGICAL MODEL

*

PEDAGOGICAL MODEL OF LEARNING The teacher is responsible for the learning process ( Learner role is passive)The teacher is the expert have the responsibility to impart his or her knowledge to students. Pp are motivated to learn because they have to in order to pass a testLearning is information oriented.Motivation to learn is largely external.

*

ANDRAGOGICAL MODEL OF LEARNING By Malcolm Knowles

*

Assumption OneSelf-directedness.Assumption TwoThe role of experience.Assumption ThreeReady to learn when they perceive a need to know or do something.Assumption Four Real-world applications.Assumption Five Adults motivated to learn because of internal factors.

LEARNING STYLES Trainer need to take into consideration how is trainee learning style as he or she begin to design or develop training program.Learning style : Refers to the way in which a learner approaches and responds to a learning experience. To be effective, trainers must design their programs to accommodate style differences. *

FeelersPp oriented, expressive and focus on feelings andemotions. Enjoy affective learning and gravitate towards learning experiences that explore pp s attitudes and emotions

*LEARNING STYLES

Thinkers Rely on logic and reason.They will question the rationale behind activities and will challenge statements that they perceive to be too general.

*LEARNING STYLES

ObserversLike to watch and listen, reserved , quite and take their time before before participating in class.

*LEARNING STYLES

LEARNING STYLES Doers Like to be actively involved in the learning process.Take charge in group activities and tend to dominate discussions. Like opportunities to practice what they learn.Interested to in knowing how they are going to apply what they learn in the real world.

*

Activity A lecturer speaks at a rate of _________words per minute; we can listen at a rate of __________per minutes.

People retain ______percent of what they hear; _________percent of what they hear and see; and _____________percent of what they hear, see and do. *

PERCEPTUAL MODALITIES The ways people take in & process information

*

PERCEPTUAL MODALITIES

*Visual DemonstrationsPrint Kinesthetic Aural Tactile Interactive

Methods of Instruction the lecture the modified lecture the demonstration Practical sessionsReadings group discussion conferences Seminars workshops clinics role-play simulation games videos/films Brainstorming question and answer programmed instruction field trips

FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE SPEED OF LEARNING *Factors Emotional

Age

Intellectual & experiential

Sociological

Physical

Psychological

Environmental

COGNITIVE OVERLOADThe challenge to the trainer is to present information in such a way that the participants do not experience overload.Working memory has an estimated limited capacity of seven chunks of pieces of information. *

*

Participant do most of the work.

PREVENTING COGNITIVE OVERLOADWAYS PREVENTING COGNITIVE OVERLOAD Minimize the use of lectureCreate chunks of content or informationDesign easy to-follow workbooks and other participant materialsCreate job aids

*********Get audience to list on a flip chart, different methods of teaching.So you can see from the list above, there are a variety of teaching methods. Different people prefer different teaching methods.much of it governed by your learning preference.However, if we used several of these methods in one tutorial session, we might actually succeed in catering for most of the learning styles within the group.This is why, on the Bradford VTS, we use several methods in one session or sitting. A lot of you hate role play.but now can you see why we do itthere are others in the audience who love it. In fact, interactive learning is a very effective method!Didactic lectures are a method which research has shown to be an ineffective method of learning when used alone in isolation. That is why if we do give a lecture in a session, it lasts for only a short period. Didactic lectures are in fact a child way of learningwe had it at infant school, at junior school, at sixth form/further education and even in medical school.and that is why some of you love itbecause you were comfortable with it and sometimes, stepping out into unfamiliar grounds, as in role play, can feel daunting. But, you are all adults and so a childs method isnt appropriate any more. You should not be spoon fed, but you must now feed yourselves.

***