understand mobile technologies what?

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Understand Mobile Understand Mobile Technologies Technologies What? What? Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D. School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University

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Understand Mobile Technologies What?. Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D. School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University. Understand Mobile Computing. What ?. Carriers. Advantages. Where ?. How ?. Disadvantages. Venders. Why ?. Mobile Technologies – What?. 100 mbs. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Understand Mobile Understand Mobile TechnologiesTechnologies

What?What?

Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D.School of Information Sciences and Technology

The Pennsylvania State University

Page 2: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Understand Mobile ComputingUnderstand Mobile Computing

What ?

Why ?

Where ? How ?

Advanta

ges

Disadva

ntage

s

Venders

Carriers

Page 3: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Broadband Cellular

3G Cellular

2.5G Cellular

Mobile Technologies – What?Mobile Technologies – What?

10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km

10 kbs

100 kbs

1 mbs

10 mbs

100 mbs

Distance

Th

roug

hpu

t

RFID

Bluetooth

802.11x

2G Cellular

Page 4: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Mobile Technologies – What?Mobile Technologies – What?

• Cellular / PCS:- Cell phones- PDAs- PC cards

• Location Based Services:- Network- Handset

• SIM Cards:- Personal data- Stored minutes (prepay)- Stored value (m-cash)

• Message Technologies:- Email- SMS- IM

• Telematics:- Private vehicles- Commercial

• Telemetry

Page 5: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

US CarriersUS Carriers

29.4m cust.cdmaOne

AMPS/CDPD

cdma2000

1XRTT

Verizon (55%)

Vodafone (45%)

21.3mGSM/GPRS

AMPS/TDMA

GSM/GPRS

EDGE

SBC (60%) BellSouth (40%)

19.4m (incl. TeleCorp)

AMPS/TDMA GSM/GPRS

EDGEDoCoMo (16%)

14.4m cdmaOnecdma2000

1XRTTAll 1900 mHz

8.1m iDENiDEN 2 Looking to be

acquired???

6.5m GSM/GPRSGSM/GPRS Deutsche

Telekom (100%)

Page 6: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Mobile Computing StandardsMobile Computing Standards

9.6 to 14.4 Kb/sec

115 Kb/sec 384 Kb/sec 384+ Kb/sec

(GPRS) (EDGE) (UMTS)9.6 to 43.2 Kb/sec

9.6 Kb/sec 60-70 Kb/sec ???

19.2 Kb/sec

4.8 to 19.2 Kb/sec

9.6 Kb/sec 64 Kb/sec (NextGen ReFLEX ???)

2G 2.5G 3G

14.4 – 64 Kb/sec 144 Kb/sec 384 Kb/seccdmaOne (95A-95B) (cdma2000 1XRTT) (cdma2000

EVDV)

GSM

TDMA

CDMA

iDEN

CDPD

Mobitex &DataTAC

ReFLEX

2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005

Page 7: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Mobile Protocol Standards

• GSM: Global Systems for Mobile Communications.

• TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access.

• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access.

• iDEN: Integrated Digital Enhanced Network.

• CDPD:Cellular Digital Packet Data.

• Mobitex & DataTAC: Packed-switch Mobile Data Network.

• UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecom System.

Page 8: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

BluetoothBluetooth

• 1994 – Ericsson• 1998 – Bluetooth SIG

- 2000+ members

• PAN - Personal Area Networking• 2.4 gHz• 10 m radius

- No line-of-sight requirement, as with IR

• 128 bit security encryption• Up to 720 Kb/sec.• Low cost chip (max $5)

- Can be fitted into anything!

Page 9: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

802.11 Standard Series802.11 Standard Series• Wireless IP networking for home and office

- Limit range: 150 m

• 802.11b: 11 Mb/sec @ 2.4 gHz- Bluetooth conflicts?

• 802.11a: 54 Mb/sec @ 5 gHz

• 802.11g: 22 54 Mb/sec @ 2.4 gHz- Newest std; forward compatibility.

• Benefits:- User mobility: home, office, even public locations!- Flexibility: P2P, access point (wireless hub), hand-over.- Cheaper: infrastructure. Old building, fault tracking.

• Issues: significant security problems.

Page 10: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Types of Mobile ApplicationsTypes of Mobile Applications

• Notification (paging)• Two-way Messaging• Interactive Data Exchange (Sales order entry,

status, ticket purpose).• Email (supports, attachments)• M-Commerce• On-line information inquiry.• Telemetry.• Location-based services.• M-Learning.

Page 11: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Mobile ChallengesMobile Challenges

• Many different kinds of device technologies:- Internet enabled desktops, PDAs, WAP phones, pagers- Different devices support multiple kinds of browsers

• Many network protocols with different characteristics:- Voice, data, messaging support traffic from real-time conversations to

one-way messaging.- WAP, GSM, CDMA, TDMA, CDPD, AMPS, SMS, TCP/IP, Mobitex,

ReFlex

• Many different kinds of services to be delivered:- Sales, services, support, marketing, distribution, …

• Many different delivery situations:- In the office, at a customer site, in the airport, on a plane, on the road,

at home, you named it.

• Industry-standard protocols are not fully emerges yet.

Page 12: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Mobile ChallengesMobile Challenges

• Unfriendly communication environment:- Fluctuating coverage conditions caused by weather, buildings,

mountains, devices.- May have coverage holes

• Narrow bandwidth and low speeds.

• Interoperability Issues.

• Roaming workforces.

• Limitations of current devices and protocol.

• Security.

Page 13: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Limitations of WirelessLimitations of Wireless

Bandwidth limitations.

Incomplete service coverage.

Scarcity of contents

Lack of an installed user base.

High customer cost.

Changing communications standards.

Security.

Page 14: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Trends in Mobile DevicesTrends in Mobile Devices• Faster processors• More memory• Screens:

- Bigger- More color depth- Bitmap addressable

• New user interfaces:- Keyboard (built-in/attachable)- Joysticks

• Device convergence:- Hybrid phone/PDA/Pocket PC

• Cameras / MP3 Player• Virtual Machines/Browsers

Page 15: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

How do Applications run on Devices?How do Applications run on Devices?

• Native OS

• Virtual Machine Library over Native OS

• Markup in a Browser

Processor

Device OS

Application

Processor

Device OS

VM (App)

VM Application

Processor

Device OS

Browser (App)

Content

Page 16: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Web vs. Mobile DevelopmentWeb vs. Mobile Development

Screen sizes/resolutions

B&W or Color

OS Versions

Browser versions

Application Languages

Internationalization

Language versions

Handset scripting

Messaging

Keyboards vs. Soft Buttons

Available Memory

Application Server

Data Server

HT

ML

cHT

ML

HD

ML

BR

EW

WM

L

Pal

mC

l

J2M

E

Voi

ce

Page 17: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Developing Services for Multiple DevicesDeveloping Services for Multiple Devices

• Custom Development:- If you control the mobile devices.- If you have unlimited resources

• Transcoding:- HTML content scraped and re-marked up- Not recommended for long term

• XML/XSL:- Some limitations in what a style sheet can do- It is also up to your programming skill

• Presentation Server:- Virtualize presentation definition

Page 18: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Areas Mobile Technologies HelpAreas Mobile Technologies Help

Area Problem Solved

Decision SupportInformation mobility.

Shorten cycle time; reduce cost.

Performance Support

Timely and up-to-date information.

Effectiveness.

EfficiencyAccess information in the field.

Reduce redundant activities

UtilizationSupplying and capturing information remotely.

Avoid asset downtime, increase productivity

Customer Satisfaction

Convenient, mobility, flexibility

Page 19: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Advantages to Win CompetitionAdvantages to Win Competition

Cost

Quality

Innovation

Time

Flexibilit

y

Mac

hine

s

Mat

eria

ls Money

InformationTechnology

Services

Page 20: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Competitive AdvantagesCompetitive Advantages Cost / Price: - Initial Cost. - Life Cycle Cost. Quality: - Reliability. - Features. - Performance. Time: - Fast Delivery Time. - On Time Delivery. - New Systems Development Speed. Flexibility: - Functionality Changes. - Format Changes - Interfaces …

Page 21: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Benefits of Mobile ComputingBenefits of Mobile Computing

Benefit Underlying Mechanism

Better decision making

• More complete, and up-to-date information at moment of decision making

Shorter response time and process cycle time

• Instantly act on new developments triggered by notification and alerts.

• Initiate execution of subsequent activities from mobile location.

• Faster information dissemination among sales, field service and customer support staff and the like

Remove inefficiencies and reduce error rates

• Capture data in electronic format at point of creation.

• Simply data exchange between mobile works and back-office systems.

• Eliminate duplicate data entry in disparate applications

Convenience

• Easy anywhere, anytime access to information and applications.

• Manage tasks when away from desk.

• Key information readily at hand.

• Faster access to electronic stored information.

Page 22: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Benefits of Mobile ComputingBenefits of Mobile Computing

Benefit Underlying Mechanism

Improved productivity

• Increase first-time success rate.

• Reduce administrative activities.

• Improve resource deployment, scheduling and task assignment.

• Use down-time more productive.

Increase customer satisfaction

• Work from up-to-date client related status/issues information.

• Faster response to customer requests

• Handle everything on the spot.

• First time right.

Increase customer retention & loyalty

• Differentiate product/service with mobile extensions.

• Increase barrier to switch.

Page 23: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Business BenefitsBusiness Benefits

There are no "wireless" problems, only business problems.

• Improving customer relationships• Reducing errors• Increasing productivity• Strengthening communications• Reducing Latencies (faster turnaround)• Quicker and easier access to information• Improving support

Page 24: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Thank You?

Any Question?

Page 25: Understand Mobile Technologies What?

Determinants for Wireless ServicesDeterminants for Wireless Services

Handset Service ContractRoaming Charge Operating Cost Accessories

Cell Marketing

InfrastructureOperating Cost Management

Mobility Battery Life

Operating Models Voice Quality

SecurityCoverage Area

RoamingCell Radius Efficiency Privacy

Size Weight Screen Size ColorUser InterfaceScreen Characteristics Antenna Audio Capabilities Style Design

Form

Function

Affordability

Cu

stomer

Op

erator