U.N. Roles on Public Health

By Anne Whitsel and Brooke Bauman

Presenting...

ContentsCurrent Public Health System

Under U.N.

Management

Issues with Public Health

System

Solutions

1.

2.

3.

Current Public Health System Under U.N. Management

World Health Organization

• Research and Policies

● Directing and Coordinating Authority

● Focus on Improving World Wide Health

-ex: 6 point plan

Joint Programs & Organizations• United Nations

Childrens Fund (UNICEF)

• The Joint United Nations Program on HIV & AIDS (UNAIDS)

● United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

Formation of Policies & Initiatives

• General Assembly

• Economic & Social Council (UNECOSOC)

Public Health Policies2013 to present

• UNICEF and WHO: Anti-polio Campaign in Syria

1952 to 1964● WHO: inspected

300 million for yaws, cared for affected 50 million

World Health Goals• Alma Ata Declaration of 1978

• Universal Commitment

• Financial Risk Protection

-"Everyone should have access to the

health services they need without risk of

financial ruin or impoverishment"

• Treatment for HIV/AIDS & TB

U.N. Health Budget

• $5.53 billion budget adopted○ 20 million:

children’s health

● 13 billion required: health and treatment

Issues With Public Health System

Health CoverageFactors That Determine Health Coverage:

• Population

• Percentage Affected By Disease

• Number of Health Workers

• Wealth

• Large gap between present health coverage and Universal Health Coverage (UHC)

World Health Report: 2006The Americas Sub-Saharan Africa

14 % of the world’s population 11% of the world’s population

10% of the global burden of disease 25% of the global burden of disease

42% of the world’s health workers 3% of the world’s health workers

>50% of global health expenditure < 1% of global health expenditure

Source: 2006 World Health Report, World Health Organization.

2013 World Health Report

2013 WHR (Continued)

• ⅓ of people given antiretroviral treatment (ART)

• 5 million still in need of treatment

Funding For Appeals

• Flash and Consolidated Appeals

- Natural Disasters and War Zones

• At 60% of total required funding needed

Research Coordination & Communication

• Relationship between researchers/ health workers and policy makers

- “Top Down v.s. Bottom Up Approach”

• Research conducted far away from where it will be applied

Solutions

System Management• Fair Number of Health

Workers

• Provide Healthcare to the Financially Unstable

-ex: Cash payments

• Focus on the Role of the United Nations

(UHC)

Education on Disease PreventionIn order to prevent diseases before they occur…

• More educational programs

ex: Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP)

ex: United States of America International Development (USAID)’s International Mother and Child HIV Prevention Initiative

What You Need to Know on

HIV & AIDS…

1. Prevention is more effective than Treatment!

Analyzing Funding For Appeals• Difficult to raise money for

an issue that hasn’t occurred (Flash Appeal)

• Generosity of donors/ Financial Status

• Large budget

Sending Donors (not including relief groups) to areas they will be funding ???

• Studies conducted closer to affected area

• “Bottom Up Approach”

Research Coordination & Communication

ConclusionMain Problems

1) Lack of Healthcare in poor countries

2) More Focus on Prevention v.s. Treatment

3) Lack of Funding

4)Currently a “Top Down” Approach

Solutions

1)System Management

2) Education

3) Presenting Problems to Donors

4) “Bottom Up Approach”

The U.N. Can Change!

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<http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/index.shtml>.

• "General Assembly Adopts $5.53 Billion Budget to Fund WorldwideOperations as Main Segment of Sixty-eighth Session Concludes." UN

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<http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/world/middleeast/polio-in-syria-is-said-to-be-under-control.html?_r=0>.

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<http://www.who.int/whr/2013/main_messages/en/index.html>.

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<http://www.un.org/partnerships/Docs/report_13_HEALTH%20FINAL.pdf>.

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Sources Cited (Continued)• "Research for Universal Health Coverage." World Health Report 2013. N.p., 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <

http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2013/whr2013-slides.pptx?ua=1>.

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<http://www.timesofisrael.com/un-launches-middle-east-polio-campaign/>.

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<http://www.un.org/partnerships/Docs/children_a-54-664-add1.pdf>.

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http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/pdfs/UN%20system%20chart_lettercolor>

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<http://www.who.int/social_determinants/tools/multimedia/alma_ata/en/>.

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• https://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/untour/subeco.htm

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• http://www.unicefusa.org

Thank You