UN PeacekeepingUN Peacekeeping

Panacea or Panacea or Predicament?Predicament?

Post-Cold War ConflictPost-Cold War Conflict

Threat of nuclear Threat of nuclear war is gonewar is gone

End of Security End of Security Council paralysisCouncil paralysis

Success in Gulf Success in Gulf War IWar I

Intra-state v. Intra-state v. interstate conflictinterstate conflict

Rise of failed statesRise of failed states

Optimism Optimism FadesFades

SomaliaSomalia BosniaBosnia RwandaRwanda

History of UN History of UN PeacekeepingPeacekeeping

• 56 Suez• 60 Congo

Classifications of Classifications of PeacekeepingPeacekeeping

11stst Generation – Generation – Peace Peace MonitoringMonitoring

22ndnd Generation – Generation – Nation BuildingNation Building

33rdrd Generation – Generation – Peace MakingPeace Making

Diehl’s Criteria for Diehl’s Criteria for SuccessSuccess

Organizing Organizing AgencyAgency

a.a. Regional Regional OrganizationOrganization

b.b. Well equippedWell equipped

TimingTiminga.a. CeasefireCeasefire

b.b. Peace deal in Peace deal in placeplace

c.c. Pre-hostilitiesPre-hostilities

Diehl’s Criteria for Diehl’s Criteria for SuccessSuccess

Host State Host State ConsentConsent

NeutralityNeutrality GeographyGeography

a.a. InterpositionInterposition

b.b. VulnerabilityVulnerability

33rdrd Party Party CooperationCooperation

Mandate/MissionMandate/Mission

Other Peacekeeping Other Peacekeeping IssuesIssues

Who Pays? Who Who Pays? Who Serves?Serves?

A Permanent UN A Permanent UN army?army?

The right to intervene The right to intervene in a humanitarian in a humanitarian crisis, “The Obligation crisis, “The Obligation to Protect”to Protect”

Security Council Security Council ReformReform

22ndnd Generation or Nation Generation or Nation BuildingBuilding

Roland Paris – “ Roland Paris – “ The Limits of The Limits of Liberal Liberal Internationalism”Internationalism”

Are Democracy Are Democracy and Capitalism and Capitalism the right models the right models for nation for nation building?building?

International International Criminal Criminal

Court (ICC)Court (ICC)

Case Studies OTPCase Studies OTP

UNEF – SinaiUNEF – Sinai Bosnia Bosnia CyprusCyprus SomaliaSomalia RwandaRwanda Darfur?Darfur?

Can We Save Can We Save Darfur?....Congo?Darfur?....Congo?

Somalia?.......Mali?Somalia?.......Mali?

The Situation in DarfurThe Situation in Darfur AU Peacekeeping AU Peacekeeping

ForceForce Security Council Security Council

authorization for a authorization for a UN ForceUN Force

280k dead, 3 million 280k dead, 3 million displaceddisplaced

Muslim v. Christian?Muslim v. Christian? Arab v. African?Arab v. African? Global Climate Global Climate

Change?Change? Ceasefire?Ceasefire? Spillover into ChadSpillover into Chad

China and SudanChina and Sudan Chinese firms have invested $15 billion Chinese firms have invested $15 billion

since 1996 mostly in the oil industry since 1996 mostly in the oil industry boosting Sudanese government revenueboosting Sudanese government revenue

Offsetting US sanctions that have been in Offsetting US sanctions that have been in place since 1997place since 1997

%10 of China’s oil imports come from Sudan%10 of China’s oil imports come from Sudan China has rejected sanctions in the UN China has rejected sanctions in the UN

Security CouncilSecurity Council Oil revenue has allowed Sudan to wage war Oil revenue has allowed Sudan to wage war

in Darfurin Darfur China has built arms factories in Sudan China has built arms factories in Sudan

which have countered the UN arms which have countered the UN arms embargoembargo

Steven Spielberg and the OlympicsSteven Spielberg and the Olympics