umts network dimensioning-link budget for banglalink-20081104

6 Nov. 2008

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI Confidential

WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Dimensioning

http://www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential

Coverage, Capacity, Quality

Capacity

Quality Coverage

COST

Capacity & Coverage↑ Cell Load à ↓ Cell Coverage

↑ Usersà ↑ Cell Load

Capacity & Quality↑ Quality (BLER ↓) à ↓ Capacity

↑ Quality (GoS ↓) à ↓ Capacity

Coverage & Quality↑ Quality (BLER ↓)à ↓ Cell Coverage

Cell Breathing

Higher Cell Load àSmaller Coverage Radius


Dimensioning Flow

UL/DL Link Budget

Cell Radius=Min (RUL, RDL)

UL/DL CapacityDimensioning

Satisfy Capacity Requirement?

Capacity Requirement

Adjust Carrier/NodeBNo

Yes

CE/Iub Dimensioning

Output NodeB Amount/NodeB Configuration/

CE/Iub

Coverage Requirement

start

End


Difference between GSM & WCDMA Planning

WCDMA• 1×1 frequency reuse • Capacity and coverage are closely related• Supports multiple services with different

speed rate and QoS• Each service has different coverage

range• Soft handover is adopted to support

continuous service

GSM• Frequency planning to guarantee

intra/inter-frequency interference• Independent coverage and capacity

dimensioning• Users supported can be calculated

from carriers and timeslots if the interference meets the requirements.

• Provides a single voice service• Hard handover is adopted to support

continuous service


Scenarios analysis(1)Scenarios analysis(1)Morphology

Generally, planned areas are classified into five types:Dense Urban

Urban

Suburban

Rural Area

Highway

The main parameters that are contingent on morphology type

include:Mean penetration loss

Standard deviation of slow fading

Path loss exponent and other factors in propagation model


Morphology

• Planning strategies need to be customized for different type of area. It is necessary to configure following parameters accordingly:

– Channel model– Sectorization– Indoor coverage– Target service (seamless coverage)– TMA and Diversity mode– Cell loading– Average antenna height– Cable loss

Scenarios analysis(2)Scenarios analysis(2)


Scenarios analysis (3)

Channel model

• The channel model defines the number of signal path, relative path loss and delay variance to abstract the wireless channel.

• According to specifications of 3GPP R4(TR25.943 V4.0.0), typical channel models are used as following:

– Static: no multipath– TU3: typical urban area, pedestrian, 3km/h– TU50: typical urban area, vehicle, 50km/h– TU120: typical urban area, vehicle, 120km/h– RA120: rural area, vehicle, 120km/h– RA250: rural area, vehicle, 250km/h– HT120: high terrain, vehicle, 120km/h


Continuous Coverage Service

AMR 12.2KVP 64KPS 128KPS 384K

Cell Radius

Huawei Suggests:

• CS64K as the continuous coverage service in the Urban or Dense Urban

• AMR 12.2K as the continuous coverage service in the Suburban or Rural Area.


Coverage Dimensioning FlowuAim of coverage dimensioning--- to obtain the cell radius

--- to estimate NodeB number for coverage

Coverage Dimensioning start

Link Budget

Cell Radius

NodeB Coverage Area

NodeB Number

Coverage Dimensioning End

NodeB number=Total coverage area/NodeB coverage area

Propagation model

PL

R

R 2389 RArea =

2323 RArea =

R99


Uplink: Radio Link Budget

Path Loss

CableLoss

AntennaGain

NodeBSensitivity Penetration

Loss

UE Transmit Power

UE Antenna Gain

NodeB Antenna Gain

SHO Gain against fastfading

SHO Gain against Slowfading

MDC GainSlow fading margin

Fast fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Maximumallowable path loss

UPLINK BUDGET

NodeB reception sensitvity

Antenna Gain

SHO Gain

Margin

Loss

R99


Downlink: Radio Link Budget

NodeB Transmit Power

UE Antenna Gain

NodeB Antenna Gain

SHO Gain against fastfading

SHO Gain against Slowfading

MDC GainSlow fading margin

Fast fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Maximumallowable path loss

DOWNLINK BUDGET

UE reception sensitivity

Antenna Gain

SHO Gain

Margin

Loss

Path Loss

CableLoss

AntennaGain

NodeBSensitivity Penetration

Loss

R99


Cable Loss in Link Budget

uCable Loss in Link Budget includes:--- Cables loss b/w NodeB and antenna

--- Jumper Loss b/w NodeB and antenna

--- Connectors loss b/w NodeB and antenna

7/8 inch cable: 6.29dB/100m@2100MHz

1/2 inch cable: 11dB/100m@2100MHz



Cab

le L

oss

R99


Path Loss and Fading

Path Loss— fading due to propagation distance

Short term (fast) fading — caused by multipath propagation

Long term (slow) fading — caused by shadowing

R99


u Slow Fading --- Signal levels obey Log-Normal distribution

u Slow Fading Margin depends on:

--- Coverage Probability--- The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required

--- Standard Deviation--- The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required

Slow Fading Margin

R99

Pro

babi

lity

Den

sity

Coverage Probability:

P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]

Coverage Probability:

P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]

SFM required

Without SFM

With SFM


SHO Gain against Slow Fadingu Soft Handover --- handovers between NodeBs

u Softer Handover --- handovers between cells in a NodeB

ØSlow fading is partly uncorrelated between cells

ØSHO reduces slow fading compared to the single cell case

ØSHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability

R99

SHO Gain Against SFM

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

98% 95% 92% 90% 85%

SHO Gain against slow fading= SFM without SHO － SFM with SHO

Standard deviation=11.7Path loss slope=3.52 Area coverage probability

(dB)


Fast Fading Margin

R99

Fast Fading Margin = Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No with fast PC

uFast fading margin--- Required to guarantee fast power control which will enhance weak

signal caused by fast fading--- the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type, BLER

requirement--- the margin is larger for lower speed

uSHO gain against FFM-- In the scenario of SHO the additional gain against fast fading can

be obtained which is combined with FFM in Huawei link budget


Reception Sensitivity

thN

Signal after despreading

W

R

Pow

er d

ensi

ty (W

/Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

Signal after spreading

NF

:thermal noise (-108dBm/3.84MHz)

:Noise figure (1.6dB for NodeB, 7dB for UE)

10 (dB)PS384k18 (dB) PS64k25 (dB)AMR12.2k

Processing Gain

NoEb / :Bit energy divided by noise spectral density

) )(/3 8 4 0l o g (1 0 k b p sRP G =

P GNEN FNsitiv itycep tionSen bth −++= 0/R e

uProcessing Gain--- Related to bearer data rate

R99


u Higher cell loading leads to heavier interferenceu Interference margin affects cell coverage

Interference Margin in Uplink(1/2)

( ) [ ]dBLogNoiseRise ULη−⋅−= 110 10

Ø50% UL Load — 3dBØ60% UL Load — 4dBØ75% UL Load — 6dB

R99

u Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise

UL Load

Noi

seR

ise(

dB) Interference Curve in Uplink


Case Study: R99 Link Budget

R99 PL=r-f-g-h-j+k-l+m-s-u128.57125.72Maximum Path Loss

u2121Penetration Loss(dB)

s8.198.19Slow fading margin(dB)

r=n-o-p+q51.3121EIRP(dBm)

q180Antenna Gain TX(dBi)

p00Body Loss(dB)

n3621Transmitting Power(dBm)

NodeBUETransmitting End

m1.51.5SHO gain against FFM(dB)

l1.73.6Fast Fading Margin(dB)

k018Antenna Gain Rx(dBi)

j5.473.01Interference Margin(dB)

i0.90.5Load Factor

h00Body Loss(dB)

g0.50.5Cable Loss(dB)

f=d-e+c-112.62-121.52NodeB receiver Sensitivity(dB)

e=10*log(W/R)17.7817.78Processing Gain(dB)

d6.32.8Required Eb/N0(dB)

c=(a+b)+10*log10(W)-101.14-106.54Receiver Noise Power(dBm)

b71.6Receiver Noise Figure(dB)

a-173.98-173.98Thermal Noise Density(dBm/Hz)

UENodeBReceiving End

DownlinkUplink Calculation Formula

CS64kLink Budget


Coverage Dimensioning Summary

• Link budget of HSDPA is to obtain

the available cell edge throughput • Fast fading margin is not needed for

HSDPA

• HSDPA does not have soft

handover gain• Available power for HSDPA would

influence the available cell edge

throughput

• Uplink and downlink load influence

cell coverage radius

• Interference margin and fast fading margin should be included in link

budget

• Soft handover gain against fading

improves cell coverage• Continuous coverage service would

impact achievable cell coverage

radius

R99 HSDPA


HSDPA Link Budget Principle

uHSDPA link budget based on simulation result--- Relationship between Ec/No and throughput

n Simulation Conditions--- Channel model-TU3--- 5 codes

HSDPA


HSDPA Link Budget Principle (2/2)

uHSDPA link budget principle

HSDPA

Simulation

Ec/No ===> ThroughputEc/No at cell borderCell borderthroughput

Cell Radius/HSDPA power


Thank you

umts network dimensioning-link budget for banglalink-20081104

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