Ukrainian Nationalism by John A. ArmstrongReview by: F. L. CarstenThe Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 43, No. 101 (Jun., 1965), p. 492Published by: the Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School ofSlavonic and East European StudiesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4205701 .

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492 THE SLAVONIC REVIEW

Armstrong, John A. Ukrainian Nationalism. (2nd revised edition). Columbia University Press, London and New York, I963. xiv+36I pages. 7 maps. Index. Bibliography.

THE second edition of virtually the only study in English of the Ukrainian national movement during the second world war-the first edition was reviewed in these columns in December I956 (XXXV, No. 84, pp. 3I3- I 4)-brings the story up to date by the addition of a final chapter 'After the War'. This briefly traces the development of the various warring Ukrainian groups in Soviet-occupied Europe as well as in exile. It seems a pity, how- ever, that the opportunity has not been used to correct some obvious errors. Thus on p. 256 we are told that 'Kiev and the surrounding district had been acquired by the Russian tsar in the eighteenth century', but on p. 259 that Kiev came 'under Moscow in the late seventeenth century': the correct date is I654 as implied on p. 304. On p. I47 Field-Marshals Keitel and von Reichenau are classified among 'those Wehrmacht generals who generally took a reasonable attitude toward the peoples of the east', but, in reality, both were well known for their strong pro-nazi attitude which was not shared by the large majority of the leading German generals. In general, however, this book remains a standard work on a highly important subject-useful not only to the specialist, but to anyone interested in eastern Europe and in the development of modern national- ism in general.

London F. L. CARSTEN

Jelavich, Barbara. A Century of Russian Foreign Policy I8I4-I914. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York, I964. 308 pages.

BY I814 Russia had established herself as a major European power. A century later it was clear that she had become a world power. This trans- formation is the subject of Mrs Jelavich's unpretentious textbook. Accord- ing to the author, it is 'designed primarily for the reader with an interest in eastern Europe or in diplomatic history. . . (and) not written for the specialist'. As one might expect from her earlier published work (and that of her husband), the sections on Russian policy in the Balkans are the most strikingly informative and stimulating, but Mrs Jelavich's examination of Russian policy in the Middle and Far East is lucid and well-balanced. The stress throughout is on questions of ideology and national interest, and commercial and industrial considerations receive little attention. The importance of the autocrat in the formulation of policy and the sub- ordinate role of the Minister of Foreign Affairs are clearly brought out, as is the absence of government planning in Russia's territorial expansion in Asia. In general this is a useful survey of Russian foreign policy in the igth century.

Manchester B. HOLLINGSWORTH

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