ujtl-jts-metls and capabilities
DESCRIPTION
UJTL-JTS-METLs and Capabilities. David K. Brown USFF N722A Dynamics Research Corporation. 1. BLUF: Executive Level METL Advocacy. “METL” is very easy to say- but takes an “Intellectual Capital” investment to comprehend. Overarching guidance is pretty good and aligned. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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UJTL-JTS-METLs and CapabilitiesUJTL-JTS-METLs and Capabilities
David K. Brown
USFF N722ADynamics Research Corporation
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BLUF: Executive Level METL Advocacy
• “METL” is very easy to say- but takes an “Intellectual Capital”
investment to comprehend.
• Overarching guidance is pretty good and aligned.
• Transformation Programs are revolving around “METL” poles –
the Joint Training System is just one of them:
JTS, DRRS, JCIDS, “T2”, DODAF all require UJTL-METL knowledge.
• Answers calls for innovative improvement systems and best
practices.
• “Universal” - Applicable across the D-I-M-E construct of
employing national capabilities - or any other approach.
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Agenda
• Universal Joint Task List (UJTL) Framework
• UJTL Task Libraries
• The Mission Essential Task (MET) statement
• Mission Analysis to METL Process
• Applications
• Future
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METLSMETLS
METLS
DevelopmenDevelopment t
PhasesPhasesDenial
Confusion
Hostility
Understanding
Advocacy
Bewilderment
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UJTL: The Task “Library”
• UJTL is a task library– Actually a collection of Task Libraries.
• Tasks with sample Measures: – SN: Strategic National-
• Major DOD HQ level activities
– ST: Strategic Theater- • (For Some, the Theater is “Global”)
– OP: Operational- • Link Strategic Objectives with Tactical Actions
– TA: Tactical (ne’ “Interoperability”) • Service and Agency libraries link from the TA section.
• UJTL also houses a “Conditions” library
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Universal Task List “Library”
OPERATIONALAccomplish Objectives ofAccomplish Objectives of Subordinate Campaigns and Major OperationsSubordinate Campaigns and Major Operations
STRATEGIC NATIONALAccomplish Objectives ofAccomplish Objectives of National StrategyNational Strategy
OP 1CONDUCT
OPERATIONALMOVEMENT & MANEUVER
OP 2DEVELOP
OPERATIONALKNOWLEDGE
OP 3EMPLOY
OPERATIONALCAPABILITIES
OP 4PROVIDE
OPERATIONALSUPPORT
OP 5EXERCISE
OPERATIONALCOMMAND & CONTROL
OP 6PROVIDE
OPERATIONALPROTECTION
SN 1CONDUCT STRATEGIC
MOVEMENT
SN 2DEVELOP
STRATEGICKNOWLEDGE
SN 3EMPLOY
STRATEGICCAPABILITIES
SN 4PROVIDE STRATEGIC
SUSTAINMENT
SN 5PROVIDE
STRATEGIC DIRECTION& INTEGRATION
SN 6PROTECT STATEGIC CAPABILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
TA 1MOVE FORCES AND
CONDUCT ACTIVITIES
TA 2DEVELOP
KNOWLEDGE
TA 3EMPLOY
CAPABILTIES
TA 4PERFORM LOGISTICS AND COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
TA 5EXERCISE COMMAND
& CONTROL
TA 6PROTECT THE
FORCE
ST 5PROVIDE THEATER
STRATEGIC COMMANDAND CONTROL
ST 6PROVIDE THEATERPROTECTION
ST 1CONDUCT INTRATHEATER
CONCENTRATION, ANDMANEUVER OF FORCES
ST 2DEVELOP THEATER
STRATEGICKNOWLEDGE
ST 3EMPLOY THEATER
STRATEGICCAPABILITIES
ST 4SUSTAINTHEATER FORCES
STRATEGIC THEATERAccomplish Objectives ofAccomplish Objectives of Theater and Campaign StrategyTheater and Campaign Strategy
TACTICALAccomplish Objectives ofAccomplish Objectives of Actions and ActivitiesActions and Activities
UTL TAXONOMY: “Demilitarization” of the language used in the Library
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UJTL: The Task “Library”
• “Nature” of War – Most tasks should endure.• Based on six functions:
– Movement and Maneuver– Sensing, Studying, Learning and Knowing what is going on
• (“Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance”)– Employment of Capabilities
• (Current version very “Heat, Blast and Fragmentation” centric– Sustainment/ Logistics– Command and Control
• Planning, Communicating, Networking, and Publicizing– Protection
• People, Systems and Infrastructure, Information, and the Environment• Each section developed independently.
– Extra task sections added to emphasize “hot button” issues.• Probably just “Missions”
– Always amenable for improvement as new missions and tasks are identified.
– Framing and placement very important.
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Centrality of UJTL
- DRRS documents task-centric readiness assessments based on joint and service mission essential task lists.
Defense Readiness Reporting System (DRRS)
Joint Capabilities Development and Integration System (JCIDS)
- Acquisition portfolios defined by JCAs;
- JCAs defined by a UJTL task templates … linked to Service task lists.
- Uses UJTL as “library of tasks” to define mission requirements.
- Output is J/A METL, used to prioritize training requirements.
Joint Training System (JTS)
Capabilities-Based Planning System
- SECDEF directed focus on capabilities
- Uses JCA mapping framework linked to UJTL Task templates and Service task lists.
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Tasks in the Libraries are….
• Universal and potentially “enduring”• Discrete events or actions (Finite, distinct, and
measurable)• Just the action or activity: “The WHAT” that must be
done• Doctrinally based - or as defined in developing
concepts• Activities/ results visible outside the organization• Potential sources for crafting Mission statements
– Doctrinally, a “mission” is a “Task with a purpose.”
• Capable of being improved, advanced, or clarified
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Tasks in the Libraries are not….
• Statements that say “WHO”• Statements that say “HOW” or define a system or a
process• Statements that say “WHY”• Statements that include the environment
– That’s why we have “Conditions”
• Duplicative of other Tasks: – Not “Plan ASW” or “Plan IO” but “Plan”
• Just new ways of saying the same thing• Necessarily perfectly written or placed in best location• In need of many “adjectives or adverbs”
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New Tasks
• CJCSM 3500.02 UJTL Policy and Guidance:
If an approved UJTL task does not fully describe theaction or function required by a commander:
(1) Use conditions and standards to more accurately set the parameters of the task.
(2) If specific conditions and standards do not adequately meet the task description requirements ……. task submission process detailed in UJTL instruction must be used to recommend a new task (or changes to existing tasks).
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UJTL: The “Framework” for METS
• Lays out the common framework for:– Stating mission requirements– Planning across “DOTMLPF”– Defining capabilities– Assembling DODAF architectures– Measuring performance– Reporting readiness
• Mission Essential Task (MET) framework:“Do this Task…. under these Conditions…. to
this Standard.”
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METL Terms
• Mission - The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore.
• Essential - Absolutely necessary; indispensable; critical.
• Task - A discrete event or action, not specific to a single unit, weapon system, or individual that enables a mission or function to be accomplished.
• Mission Essential Task List (METL) - A list of tasks considered essential to the accomplishment of the mission. A METL includes associated conditions and standards and may identify command-linked and supporting tasks.
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Conditions: The “Environment”
• Conditions are variables of the operational environment or situation that may affect performance.
– Categorized as physical, military or civil.
– Environment is the immediate situation or circumstance in which tasks must be performed (e.g. Air temperature).
• "Relevant" conditions go in MET statements. They frame level of difficulty for task (and mission) performance.
• Conditions linked to tasks in the METL are ones that will impact achievement of task standards.
“Conditions” work for PMESII, DIME, DIME-FIL, METT-TC, etc plus help us get to “Effects” and “Risk.”
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1.0 Physical Environment
1.1 Land
1.2 Sea
1.3 Air
1.4 Space
1.5 Cyber
2.1 Mission
2.2 Forces
2.3 Command, Control, & Communications
2.4 Intelligence
2.5 Deployment, Movement, & Maneuver
2.6 Firepower
2.7 Protection
2.8 Sustainment
2.9 Threat
2.10 Conflict
3.1 Political Policies
3.2 Culture
3.3 Economy
2.0 Military Environment
3.0 Civil Environment
Conditions
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Example:• Reference number and title: C 1.2.1.7 Sea Room• Definition:
Availability of space for maritime maneuver. Includes dynamic factors such as confining ice, submerged wrecks, or potentially damaging floating objects such as logs. Applies especially to coastal, polar, littoral, or riverine environments.
• Descriptors: Unrestricted (open ocean); Moderate (some confining factors); Confined (coastal and riverine waters)
• No inherent Likert scale from the Library. Only from context of a METL!
Conditions
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STANDARDS, Measures & Criteria
Measures – Distinguish among varying levels of task performance– Allow commanders to establish standards consistent with mission
requirements– Provide basis for evaluation and assessment of performance (e.g.,
Task performance evaluation and readiness assessment)
Criteria: Same as Balanced Scorecard “Targets”
Task Criterion MeasureMeasure
NTA 3.2.2 Attack Enemy Land Targets >90 Percent of targets destroyed
Standard = Measure + Criterion
- Multiple standards are the norm: Inputs, Processes, and Outputs/ Results
- Aligns with best performance management practices
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Measures – Performance DimensionsMeasures – Performance Dimensions
• Commander may require measures of different dimensions of performance to describe required level of performance
– Time to Perform
– Rate of Movement
– Accuracy
– Completeness
– Durability/Reliability
– Power
– Cost
– Pk
– Range/Mobility
– Lead Time
– Effectiveness
– Coordination
– Integration
– Efficiency
– Availability
– SafetyIn CBA primer, also called “Attributes”In CBA primer, also called “Attributes”
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MET Measures Guidance
• Categories: Input, Process, Output, Outcome• Focus on “Process” and “Outcome” (or “Product”)• Simple, • Reflect commander’s guidance• Reflect understanding of task and its contribution to
mission success. • Sensitive to impact of changing conditions• GO-No Go measures discouraged• Use both absolute and relative scales• Criteria set by “capabilities” inherent in DOTMLPF
system design
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MET Linkages
• METLs are not isolated- but LINKED to supporting/ supported Commands.
• Linkages will key views for the “Comprehensive Approach” and development of new supporting capabilities.
• “Supporting” tasks are performed by organizations within Commander’s/ leader’s/ director’s… span of control.
- E.g. Local org supports regional/state authority which supports national authority
• “Command-linked” tasks are performed by organizations outside of the Commander’s / leader’s/director’s… control.
- E.g. Dep’t of Transportation supports each level: federal, state and local
• Links key network views.• Links connect Analysis of Alternatives and lay pathways for Modeling
and Simulation (M&S) efforts in training and development.
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Establish Standards
Assigned Missions
Leaders’ Guidance
Specify Conditions
METL
Plans/Orders
Doctrine
Implied Tasks
Specified Tasks
UniversalTask Library
Org’s TaskLibrary
ID Command-Linked
Tasks
AnnotateSupported Tasks
Mission Essential Criteria
Mission Analysis“METs”
Operating
Concepts
Level of War
TTP, Best Practices, Local Knowledge, Lessons Learned
Common Language/ Framework
The METL Process
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Joint Planning & Execution Joint Mission Requirements (JMET)
Mission C
Mission B
Mission ACombatant
Commander
Concept of Opns
JFC A
Concept of Opns
NAVFOR-NFC - TF IW?
Concept of Opns
IW CDR
Concept of Opns
Assistcountry YY
Gain and Maintain National Stability
Conduct Defensive Counter-air
JFC B
JFC C
CSG
ARG
Strategic
OperationalOperational
TacticalTactical
UJTLUJTL
MARFOR
ARFOR
NAVFOR
NTTLNTTL
NECC Det
CNIC Det
NNWC Det
SOC
AFFOR
Top-DownMISSION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES TASKS
Navy Mission Requirements (NMET)Navy Planning & Execution
IRREGULAR WARFARE
SN 8.1 Support Other Nations or Groups
SN 2.2.4 Manage Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Capabilities
SN 5.5.11 Manage Cyberspace Operations
SN 9.3 Synchronize Counter-proliferation (CP) Programs
SN 9.4.8 Assess the Global Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Situation
ST 2.1.9 Manage Intelligence Agreements with Foreign Nations
ST 2.5.2 Integrate Intelligence into Theater Operations
ST 5.2.4 Review International Security Considerations
ST 5.4.4 Conduct Theater Security Cooperation (TSC)
ST 8.4.2 Conduct Counterterrorism
ST 9.7 Conduct Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Offensive Operations in Theater
OP 3.3.3 Conduct Multilateral Peace Operations
OP 5.7 Coordinate and Integrate Joint/Multinational and Interagency Support
OP 5.8.3 Conduct Community Relations Program
OP 7.1 Enable Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) Operations in Joint Operations Area (JOA)
NTA 1.1.2.4 Conduct Tactical Insertion and Extraction
NTA 1.2.8 Conduct Route and Road Reconnaissance
NTA 1.3.2 Clear Minefields, Barriers and Obstacles
NTA 1.5.8 Conduct Unconventional Warfare
NTA 3.2.9 Conduct Non-lethal; Engagement
NTA 4.7 Perform Civil Military Engineering Support
NTA 5.4.4 Establish Liaisons
NTA 6.3.1.2 Protect/secure Installations, Facilities and Personnel
NCA/NSC
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Requirements Plans
Joint Training System
Performance, Experience and Resource Data & Observations
ROI Validation
Readiness Indicators
Lessons Learned and New Ideas for DOTMLPF Solutions
METLs and Linkages
Tasks, Conditions and Standards
AssessmentExecution
JTPs / Exercises/ Experiments/ Wargames
Events and Resources w/ Costs
IMPROVE IMPROVE MISSIONMISSION
READINESSREADINESS
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Requirements PhaseRequirements Phase
Unit
Missions & Tasks
Unit NMETL
Warfare CDR
Missions & Tasks
Warfare CDR
NMETL
Group
Missions & Tasks
Group
NMETL
JTF CDR
Missions & Tasks
JTF
JMETL
Combatant CDR
Missions & Tasks
JMETL
Navy Missions
Fleet Support to Operations Context
JFMCC
Missions & Tasks
JFMCC
JMETL
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Sample “MET”
Task: OP 3.2.5.1 Conduct Air Interdiction of Operational Forces/Targets
Conditions: C.2.1.3 Mission Prep (Partial)
C 2.2.4 Personnel Capability (Proficient)
C 2.2.5.3 Systems Reliability (Adequate)
C 2.3.1.6 Communications Connectivity (Continuous)
Standards: Measure + Criterion< X Hours elapsed from notification to TOT
Y/N Enemy unable to interfere with attack
> 95 Percent of weapons achieve desired effects
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DODD 1322.18, Sep. 3, 2004 “Military Training”
4.3. All Training: Individual, team, collective, unit, and staff
“The Commander is the trainer!” – “METs”
• Conditions of actual operations
• Prep for Combatant Commanders -- full spectrum of operations
• Deploying Organizations receive priority and tailored training
• Rehearsed and ready
• Provide for emerging capabilities for future operations.
• Lessons gathered and validated from operational missions, training events, operational tests, and experiments shall be incorporated expeditiously into the training requirements.
• Use Joint Training System Process
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DOTMLPF = “System”
• Doctrine
• Organization
• Training
• Material
• Leadership and Education
• Personnel
• Facilities
= “SYSTEM” in DOD Terminology
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DRRS
• “Near Real Time” readiness reporting. Eliminates separate “SORTS” messages.
• DRRS Readiness screen displays each MET vs each required mission/ capability.
– MET can be shown with all standards and demonstrated performance values
• System generates a recommended score based on authoritative data sources.
• Commander’s review/ assessment validates & updates system score-- Mission by Mission, MET by MET and Standard by Standard.
• Tools: Aggregation/ Drill down/ Planning capability-– “What if…”
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MET-based Readiness: Performance
• Confidence that a given unit will achieve a given performance level on a specific task with given Conditions.
• Depends on at least five “parameters”:– Most recent MET performance– Performance Trends (improving?, declining? …)– Changes to DOTMLPF– Time since most recent success– “Conditions”
• ANYTHING that raises that confidence, raises Readiness!
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• Capability includes : “The means and ways (DOTMLPF) to execute a set of tasks to standards under specified conditions.”
• MET framework:
Do this task…under these conditions…to this standard.
The language of Capabilities is the language of METs!
Capability-Based Planning- CBP & METLs Capability-Based Planning- CBP & METLs & the JTS& the JTS
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Capabilities-Based Assessment “CBA”
• CBA (in JCIDS) consists of three Analyses:– FAA Functional Area Analysis
• Each capability must produce results as measured by task performance against standards under specified conditions.
• FAA produces MET-like performance “requirements”
– FNA Functional Needs Analysis• Based on the FAA, each capability requirement is matched
against existing systems and methods (current capabilities)– OPs Lessons Learned, Experiments, Training or Wargames
• FNA identifies “Gaps and Seams”– “Capacity” gap vs “Capability” Gap
– FSA Functional Solutions Analysis• Each gap has many potential “DOTMLPF” solutions• FSA works for optimal path.
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Analysis of a MET/ “CBA”
• 6 parts clear? Mission, Responsible Organization, Tasks, Conditions, Standards, Linkages
• Standards conform?- “Process” and “Product” measures?
• Do METL measures support command “metrics”?• Linkages complete?
MET Performance Analysis:– Standards met? -> Performance Gaps?– Ways and means adequate?– New DOTMLPF required?
FAAFAA
FNACapability
& Capacity
Gaps
FNACapability
& Capacity
GapsFSAFSA
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From METS to Mission(s) Assessments
Tasks/ Missions
CORE MS PP AO AT-FP MCO1 HADR
NTA 1.1
NTA 1.3
NTA 1.5
NTA 2.2
NTA 3.2
NTA 4.4
NTA 5.1
NTA 5.4
NTA 6.1
- NTA 3.2 Red due to lack of ordnance load out for missions- NTA 4.4 Red due to lack of sustainment of high demand special ordnance- NTA 6.1 Red due to lack of FP munitions
Each mission requires “capabilities” stated in
“MET” language. We compare the “known” in
Core to the specific condition-standard set for
each situation.
“Core” is what we plan and train and man and equip to.
We take that as one “template” and “lay it”
over the other missions.
Some missions I am ready for now. Some I need extra (DOTMLPF)
or (PESTOF) to close the performance
(Capability/Capacity) gap.
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From METS to Mission(s) Assessments
Tasks/ Missions
CORE MS PP AO AT-FP MCO1 HADR IRREGWAR
NTA 1.1
NTA 1.3
NTA 1.5
NTA 2.2
NTA 3.2
NTA 4.4
NTA 5.1
NTA 5.4
NTA 6.1
New Concept: “Irregular Warfare”
“Irregular Warfare”Many tasks - SameSome - EasierOthers - Harder
DELTA: (Conditions & Standards)
- NTA 3.2 Red due to lack of ordnance load out for missions- NTA 4.4 Red due to lack of sustainment of high demand special ordnance- NTA 6.1 Red due to lack of FP munitions
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“Document the business process: … high- level concept is analyzed and a business process or activity model is constructed … To the extent possible, use activities from accepted standard tasks lists such as the UJTL, Joint Mission Essential Task Lists (JMETLs) developed by one or more of the commands, and/or Service Task Lists.”
DODAF Version 1
Common Theme of JCIDs and DODAF is the “TASK”Common Theme of JCIDs and DODAF is the “TASK”
……. Of the “Lists”….. Of the “Lists”….Only the METLs have context!Only the METLs have context!
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Futures: UTL Progress/ Goals
• Universal search for agreed Taxonomy• “Bins” should match current concept of UJTL:
– Movement, Knowledge, Employment, Sustainment, Planning and Directing (C&C), Protection.
• Works for DOD, but also HLS, DOS, DOT, BLM…WALMART• Once tasks agreed to, just a limited number of representative
Measures need to be listed; a centrally accessible METL warehouse will be the repository.
• Ready to incorporate national-state-local agencies ASAP and will be able to accommodate NGOs in future.
• New Orgs can join with separate task library. “Organizational” level tasks- probably “Tactical”- but must learn to leverage global taxonomy and METL framework.
• Business rules/ Guidance same for all• Disciplined execution
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Understanding Missions, METLs, and Conditions for DRRS, Effects and Capabilities
• METLs state Mission performance requirements from which all other requirements devolve.
• Mission-to-task framework can be used to measure and assess advantages of “Network” centric concepts and other new ventures.
• Capabilities and METLs use same language and structure.
• Method defines capabilities, applies to planning, resourcing, budgeting, execution, training, and assessment.
Understanding the Framework and Disciplined Execution of the Process are the key to systematic
continuous improvement.
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Transformation
Unified Action
Relationships
Lessons Learned
Comprehensive Approach
Keys to Success in “GWOT” …Keys to Success in “GWOT” …and the Future….and the Future….
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TransforMation
UnifiEd Action
RelaTionships
Lessons Learned
ComprehenSive Approach
Keys to Success in “GWOT” / “OCO”…Keys to Success in “GWOT” / “OCO”…and the Future….and the Future….
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TransforMation
UnifiEd Action
RelaTionships
Lessons Learned
ComprehenSive ApproachAL
IGN
ME
NT
AL
IGN
ME
NT
Keys to Success in “GWOT”/ “OCO” …Keys to Success in “GWOT”/ “OCO” …and the Future….and the Future….
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Summary
•UJTL provides framework and Task library• Includes sample measures for each task• Conditions library to describe the environment
• METL framework is same as used in Capabilities• “Do this task… under theses conditions… to this standard”
• METLs state mission requirements- on which all other “requirements” depend.
• JTS process is applicable across the planning, training, education, development, and operating domains.
• The major output of JTS is “Mission Ready Forces and Personnel.”
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References
Universal Joint Task List (UJTL)CJCSM 3500.04 series
On “JDEIS” Sitehttps://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/jel/template.jsp?title=ujtlportal&filename=ujtl_portal.htm
Joint Training Manual (JTM)CJCSM 3500.03 series
On “JDEIS” Sitehttps://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/jel/training/cjcsm3500_03.pdf
Defense Readiness Reporting System (DRRS)DODD 7730.65 series
http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/773065p.pdf
Capabilities Portfolio Management DODD 7045.20 series
http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/704520p.pdf