types of sentences

19
TYPES OF SENTENCES By Haslinda Midy

Upload: haslinda-midy

Post on 20-Nov-2014

1.916 views

Category:

Education


4 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Types of sentences

TYPES OF SENTENCESBy Haslinda Midy

Page 2: Types of sentences

Sentences are categorized in two ways:

• By structure1.Simple2.Compound3.complex

• By purpose1.Declarative2.Interrogativ

e3.Imperative4.Exclamatory

Page 3: Types of sentences

Types of Sentences by Structure

Page 4: Types of sentences

Simple Sentence• A simple sentence, also called an independent

clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought. For examples:

Haslinda

2013

A. Some students like to study in the mornings.

B. John and Ali play football every evening.

C. Alice goes to the library and studies every day.

* The underlined words are subjects while the red words are verbs.

~ The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence B contains a compound subject, and sentence C contains a compound verb.  Simple sentences, therefore, contain a subject and verb and express a complete thought, but they can also contain a compound subjects or verbs. 

Page 5: Types of sentences

Compound Sentence• A compound sentence contains two independent clauses

joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so [FANBOYS]. Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma. For examples:

Haslinda

2013

A.  My father speaks English but my mother speaks Malay.  

B.  Alex was sick, so his mother brought him to a clinic.  

C.  Aman played football, for Mariam went shopping.

* The underlined words are subjects while the red words are verbs while the coordinators and commas are in green.

~ The above three sentences are compound sentences.  Each sentence contains two independent clauses, and they are joined by a coordinator with a comma preceding it.

Page 6: Types of sentences

Complex Sentence• A complex sentence has an independent clause joined

by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as, because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. For examples:

Haslinda

2013

A. When Aziz handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.  

B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. 

C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.

D. After they finished studying, John and Maria went to the movies. 

E. John and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.

* The underlined words are subjects while the red words are verbs and the coordinators and commas are in green.

~ When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator , a comma is required at the end of the dependent clause. When the independent clause begins the sentence with subordinators in the middle, no comma is required.

Page 7: Types of sentences

Consider the following examples of simple, compound and complex

sentencesSimple ~ My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to go.Compound ~ My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go.Complex ~ Although my friend invited me to a party, I do not want to go.

Haslinda

2013

In the first example, there are two separate simple sentences: "My friend invited me to a party" and "I do not want to go." The second example joins them together into a single sentence with the co-ordinating conjunction "but," but both parts could still stand as independent sentences -- they are entirely equal, and the reader cannot tell which is most important. In the third example, however, the sentence has changed quite a bit: the first clause, "Although my friend invited me to a party," has become incomplete, or a dependent clause.A complex sentence is very different from a simple sentence or

a compound sentence because it makes clear which ideas are most important. When you write ‘My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to go.’ or even‘My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go.’, the reader will have trouble knowing which piece of information is most important to you. When you write the subordinating conjunction "although" at the beginning of the first clause, however, you make it clear that the fact that your friend invited you is less important than, or subordinate, to the fact that you do not want to go.

Page 8: Types of sentences

1: The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance. Simple

CompoundComplex

2: Juan played football while Juanita went shopping. Simple

CompoundComplex

3: Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping. Simple

CompoundComplex

4: Although Mexico has the better football team, it lost. Simple

CompoundComplex

5: The island was filled with many winding trails, a small lake, and dangerous wild pigs. Simple

CompoundComplex

Now, state the type of sentences below.Haslinda

2013

Page 9: Types of sentences

Helen Keller1: Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, in 1880 and died in 1968.

SimpleCompoundComplex

2: Until she was 19 months of age, her sight and hearing were normal.SimpleCompoundComplex

3: At the age of 19 months, a severe illness left her deaf and blind.SimpleCompoundComplex

4: When she was seven, she began her education in reading and writing with Anne Sullivan of the Perkins Institute for the Blind.

SimpleCompoundComplex

5: Through persistence and stubbornness, Anne breaks through Helen's walls of silence and darkness and teaches her to communicate.

SimpleCompoundComplex

Haslinda

2013

Page 10: Types of sentences

1: The Americanization of Shadrach Cohen is a short story about values by Bruno Lessing. Simple

CompoundComplex

2: Shadrach Cohen had two sons, Abel and Gottlieb. Simple

CompoundComplex

3: When Abel and Gottlieb moved to New York, they opened their own business in their father's name. Simple

CompoundComplex

4: The business was successful, so Abel and Gottlieb told their father to join them in New York City. Simple

CompoundComplex

5: When Shadrach came, he brought Marta, the family maidservant. Simple

CompoundComplex

Haslinda

2013

Page 11: Types of sentences

Types of Sentences by Purpose

Page 12: Types of sentences

Declarative Sentence• Declarative sentences in the English language

are the sentences that form a statement. For examples:

Haslinda

2013

A. Tomorrow I will go to the store. 

B. Yesterday I left school early. 

C. I told her to wear the blue skirt. 

D. She did not want to eat the pizza that I gave her. 

E. We walked to the mall together.

~ Used to make a simple statement. Most sentences are declarative. 

Page 13: Types of sentences

Interrogative Sentence• Interrogative sentences in the English language

are the sentences that form a question. For examples:

Haslinda

2013

A. What do you think I should wear the pink shoes or the white sneakers? 

B. What did the teacher say to you yesterday? 

C. Did you go to the movies yesterday?

~ Used to ask a question. See also Rhetorical Question. 

Page 14: Types of sentences

Imperative Sentence• Imperative sentences in the English language

are the sentences that make a command or request. For examples:

Haslinda

2013

A. Get me some water. 

B. Leave that cat alone. 

C. Go to the store for me. 

D. Bring me some ice.

~ Used for commands, with the pronoun you always implied.

Page 15: Types of sentences

Exclamatory Sentence• Exclamatory sentences in the English language

are the sentences that attempt to powerful feelings, or emotions. For examples:

Haslinda

2013

A. I'm leaving! 

B. I cannot wait to graduate! 

C. I love you so much! 

D. We beat that other team good! 

E. I can't believe how tall giraffes really are! 

F. I can't believe this, I am so upset!

~ An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation point.

Page 16: Types of sentences

 1. Many people visit Harvest festival at Penampang in May. a. Declarative    b. Interrogative c. Imperative  d. Exclamatory 2.  Tomorrow is my birthday !  a. Declarative    b. Interrogative c. Imperative   d. Exclamatory

3.   Have you ever visited Niagara Falls ?   a. Declarative    b. Interrogative c. Imperative   d. Exclamatory

5.   What would you like for dinner ?    a. Declarative      b. Interrogative   c. Imperative     d. Exclamatory

4.   Close the door .   a. Declarative    b. Interrogative c. Imperative   d. Exclamatory

Now, state the type of sentences below.Haslinda

2013

Page 17: Types of sentences

____ Have you read this newspaper article?____ We are late for the meeting.____ Stop that right now!____ Remember to watch your step as you leave the room.____ Are the packages here yet?____ Professor Franklin said that the situation would improve.____ Leave those old plates in the closet.____ That dessert was awesome!____ Painting is a relaxing hobby.____ These are the best seats in the stadium!

Each of these sentences is either a declarative (DEC), an interrogative (INT), an exclamatory (EXC), or an imperative (IMP) one. Write the appropriate three-letter combination next to its corresponding type of sentence.

Haslinda

2013

Page 18: Types of sentences

Four Types of Sentences

Directions: Identify each type of sentence and explain your answer.

1. The students wanted to go on a field trip.Type: ________________________ Why? _______________________________________________

2. Can we go to the Adventure Theme Park?Type: ________________________ Why? _______________________________________________

3. Be on your best behavior for the next two weeks.Type: ________________________ Why? _______________________________________________

4. After a couple long weeks of keeping their hands to themselves, quietly focusing on instruction, and cleaning up their messes, the students were rewarded with a fieldtrip. Type: ________________________ Why? _______________________________________________

5. We are so excited about going to Adventure!Type: ________________________ Why? _______________________________________________

Haslinda

2013

Page 19: Types of sentences

Study Smart