types of propaganda di - ms. aguirre · movement, or candidate. ! in political circles, movie...

Behavior Reflection

On a clean sheet of paper, write at least one paragraph in response to the following questions. You do not have to copy the questions.

¨  What happened yesterday when the sub was here? How was the behavior of the entire class?

¨  How did you contribute to the problem? ¨  What could you have done to contribute

positively during class time? ¨  Why is it important to behave well when we have

guests in the classroom?

Revolutionary Songs

1.  Introduce yourself 2.  Put your song lyrics up on the document camera 3.  Sing/rap your song 4.  Explain how your song incorporated issues of the

Russian Revolution

PROPAGANDA

CA State Standard

CA State ELA Standards, 9th & 10th Grade, Reading Comprehension: ¨  2.8 Evaluate the credibility of an author’s argument

or defense of a claim by critiquing the relationship between generalizations and evidence, the comprehensiveness of evidence, and the way in which the author’s intent affects the structure and tone of the text (e.g., in professional journals, editorials, political speeches, primary source material).

Lesson Objective

¨  Students will understand the definition of propaganda and will be able to identify eight types of propaganda:  bandwagon   testimonial  plain folks   transfer   fear  glittering generalities  name-calling

What is Propaganda?

Adapted from http://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/Propaganda/propaganda-20120910.pdf

¨  Your thoughts? ¨  “Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to

shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions [thoughts], and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.” -- Jowett & O'Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion   deliberate (i.e., purposeful)   systematic: How do we see this in Animal Farm?  manipulates thoughts   directs behavior   elicits a response that the propagandist wants

Propaganda, continued

¨  Propaganda can appear in any form or medium (poster, commercial, etc.)

¨  May or may not be obvious as propaganda.

¨  The actual source may not be obvious.

¨  Not all propaganda is evil   Some propaganda serves

reasonable purposes


Your Thoughts?

“Propaganda becomes ineffective the moment we are aware of it.” --Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945)

“If consumers are aware that they are being propagandized,

the choice to accept or reject the message is theirs alone.” --Jowett & O'Donnell, p154

“The receptivity of the great masses is very limited, their intelligence is small, but their power of forgetting is enormous. In consequence of these facts, all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points and must harp on these slogans until the last member of the public understands what you want him to understand by your slogan.” --Adolf Hitler (Mein Kampf Vol. 1 Ch. VI)

Some Types of Propaganda

Bandwagon ¨  The basic idea behind the

bandwagon approach is just that: "getting on the bandwagon."

¨  The propagandist puts forth the idea that everyone is doing this, or everyone supports this person/cause, and so should you.

¨  The bandwagon approach appeals to the conformist in all of us: no one wants to be left out of what is perceived to be a popular trend.

Adapted from http://shepherdenglish.pbworks.com/f/AdvertisementAssignment.pdf


Adapted from http://shepherdenglish.pbworks.com/f/AdvertisementAssignment.pdf

Testimonial ¨  This is the celebrity

endorsement of a philosophy, movement, or candidate.

¨  In political circles, movie stars, television stars, rock stars and athletes garner attention for a political cause or candidate.

¨  Just a photograph of a movie star at a political rally can generate more interest in that issue/candidate or cause thousands, sometimes millions, of people to become supporters.


Plain Folks ¨  Here the candidate or

cause is identified with common people from everyday walks of life.

¨  The idea is to make the candidate/cause come off as being grassroots.


Types of Propaganda

Fear ¨  This technique is

prevalent throughout Animal Farm!

¨  The idea is to present a dreaded circumstance and usually follow it up with the kind of behavior needed to avoid that horrible event.


Types of Propaganda

Transfer ¨  Transfer employs the use of

symbols, quotes, or the images of famous people to convey a message not necessarily associated with them.

¨  In the use of transfer, the candidate/speaker attempts to persuade us through the indirect use of something we respect, such as a patriotic or religious image, to promote his/her ideas.

¨  Religious and patriotic images may be the most commonly used in this propaganda technique, but they are not alone. Sometimes even science becomes the means to transfer the message.


Types of Propaganda

Glittering Generalities ¨  This approach is closely related to

what is happening in TRANSFER. ¨  Here, a generally accepted virtue is

usually employed to stir up favorable emotions.

¨  The problem is that these words mean different things to different people and are often manipulated.

¨  The propagandist uses these words in a positive sense.

¨  In our culture, propagandists often use words like: democracy, family values (when used positively), rights, civilization, even the word "American."


Types of Propaganda

Name-Calling ¨  This is the opposite of

the GLITTERING GENERALITIES approach.

¨  Name-calling ties a person or cause to a largely perceived negative image.


Your Assignment

Research and present a piece of propaganda to share with your classmates. ¨  The piece you select must be propaganda: “a deliberate,

systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions [thoughts], and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.”   If you aren’t sure that a piece is propaganda, discuss it with Ms.

Aguirre or Ms. Brown. ¨  The propaganda can appear in any medium:

  Poster   Song   Commercial   Political ad   Etc.

Your Assignment, continued

The piece you present should be propaganda that is aimed at you as its audience. ¨  It should not be foreign propaganda (i.e., no

anti-American propaganda from North Korea) ¨  It should not be old propaganda (i.e., no

World War II propaganda)


You must present the piece (poster, commercial, etc.) so that your classmates are exposed to the propaganda you will be discussing. ¨  If your piece is a video or song, select 2

minutes or less to show or play for us. ¨  Your presentation will be 3-5 minutes long.


Your presentation should answer the following questions: ¨  What is the source of this propaganda (if known)? ¨  Who is the intended audience?

  It should be you, but be specific, e.g., “The intended audience is Latino males under the age of 25,” or “The intended audience is teenagers who may become sexually active.”

¨  What is the propagandist’s desired outcome? (What do they want you to do? Not to do? To think?)

¨  What type of propaganda is it? (Use the terminology from your handout/the previous slides.

¨  What techniques does the propagandist use to convince you to act or think the way they want you to?)

¨  How convincing do you find this piece to be? On a scale of 1 (not at all convinced) to 10 (completely convinced), where would you rank yourself in response to this piece? Is this the response that the propagandist was hoping for?

Homework

¨  Select one piece of propaganda you would like to research and present on

¨  On a separate sheet of paper, write 1-2 sentences in response to each question on the prompt.

¨  On Friday, bring in the propaganda and your written responses to share with a classmate.  *If it’s a commercial, you need to bring in a means of

showing it to a partner (cell phone with headphones, etc.).

types of propaganda di - ms. aguirre · movement, or candidate. ! in political circles, movie...

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