types of bias - lpsisite.lps.org/ngeiken/web/documents/civics_bias.pptx.pdf3/2/10 5 • when looking...
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ALookatBiasinInforma0on
WhatisBias?• Biasmeanssomeoneisonlypu3ngforwardonesideofanargument.– Forexample:
• Anadvertwillonlytellyouthegoodthingsaboutaproduct,andmayexaggeratethose!
• Remember,awritermayonlybetellingyouonesideofastory!– alwaysthinkaboutwhatawritermaynotbetellingyou.
– don’talwaysbelievewhatyouread! “They’reGreat!”AccordingtoTonytheTiger.
Buthowaboutallthepeoplewhohavediabetesbecauseofallthesugar?
TypesofBias
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Omission• LeavingonesideoutofanarNcle,oraseriesofarNclesoveraperiodofNme.
• Ignoringfactsthattendtodisproveliberalclaims,orthatsupportconservaNvebeliefs(orviseversa)
• Tofindinstancesofbiasbyomission,beawareoftheconservaNveandliberalperspecNvesoncurrentissues.– Example:SeeiftheconservaNveperspecNveisincludedinstoriesonaparNculareventorpolicy.
Selec0onofSources• Includingmoresourcesthatsupportoneviewoveranother.– Thisbiascanalsobeseenwhenareporterusessuchphrasesas"expertsbelieve,""observerssay,"or"mostpeoplebelieve".
• Whenanewsstoryonlypresentsoneside,itisobviouslythesidethereportersupports.– JournalistsoWengolookingforquotestofittheirfavoriteargumentintoanewsstory.
ExampleofCNNprogramsthatinterview“panelofexperts”toaddcommentary
andopiniontoastory.
• Notallstorieswillincludeexperts,butinthosethatdo,makesureaboutanequalnumberofconservaNvesandliberalsarequoted.– Ifastoryquotesnon‐experts,
suchasthoseportrayedasaverageciNzens,checktobesurethataboutanequalnumbercomefrombothsidesoftheissueinquesNon.
OccidentalCollege?Whereisthat?Howisshean“expert?”
Withoutknowingthestory,whatques0onsshouldyouaskyourselfabouther0tle?
• Is/wassheawitnesstoanevent?• Doesshegotoclassatthecollege?• Doessheworkatthecollege?• Issheaparentofacollegestudent?
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StorySelec0on• ApaaernofhighlighNngnewsstoriesthatcoincidewiththeagendaofonesidewhileignoringstoriesthatcoincidewiththeagendaoftheotherside.– Example:PrinNngastoryorstudyreleasedbyaliberalgroupbutignoringstudiesonthesameorsimilartopicsreleasedbyconservaNvegroups(andviseversa).
Webnewssite“TheDrudgeReport”runsmanynega0vestoriesaboutliberalpoli0cians.
Whiteflagimpliessurrenderordefeat.
• ToidenNfybiasbystoryselecNonyou'llneedtoknowtheconservaNveandliberalsidesoftheissue.
• SeehowmuchcoverageconservaNveissuesgetcomparedtoissuesontheliberalagenda(andviseversa).– Howacertainstoryorheadlinetreatsaperson(PosiNve/NegaNve)
Ques0onstoaskyourself?IsthisaposiNveornegaNveheadline?
WhatpoliNcalpartydoesHilaryClintonbelongto?IsthispartyknowntobeconservaNveor
liberal?
DoyouthinktheDrudgeReportisconservaNveorLiberal?
DoyouseeBiasbystoryselec0oninthispicture?
Whodoyouthinkisbeingtreatedbeaer,theObama’sorthePalin’s?
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Placement• Storyplacementisameasureofhowimportanttheeditorconsidersthestory.– Studieshaveshownthat,inthecaseoftheaveragenewspaperreaderandtheaveragenewsstory,mostpeoplereadonlytheheadline.
ReporNng9/11onthefrontpageisanappropriateuseof
placement.
• BiasbyplacementiswhereinthepaperorinanarNcleastoryoreventisprinted.– Tolocateexamplesofbiasbyplacement,observewhereanewspaperplacespoliNcalstories.
– IsonearNcleonthefrontpageandotheronthe6thpage. Doyouthinkthisisan
appropriatestoryforthefrontpageofanewspaper?
Labeling• Biasbylabelingcomesintwoforms.– ThefirstisthetaggingofpoliNciansandgroupswithextremelabels.
– ThesecondkindofbiasbylabelingoccurswhenareporternotonlyfailstoidenNfyaliberalasaliberal,butdescribesthepersonorgroupwithposiNvelabels,suchas"anexpert.”
Yes,butwhatis“TheBlueandWhite?”
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• Whenlookingforbiasbylabeling,rememberthatnotalllabelingisbiasedorwrong(Aslongastheyequallylabeleverybody).– Biasbylabelingispresentwhenthestorylabelsoneside,butnottheother.
– Whenthestoryusesmoreextremesoundinglabelsforonesidethantheotherside.• "ultra‐conservaNve,“"farright,”"liberal""farleW,"and"ultra‐liberal".
TheNewYorkTimesisoWenlabeledasa“liberal”newspaper.
TheNewYorkPostislabeleda“conservaNve”newspaper.
LookingatthisnewspaperheadlinewhatwouldmakeyouassumetheNewYorkPostisconservaNve.
Spin• BiasbyspinoccurswhenthestoryhasonlyoneinterpretaNonofaneventorpolicy,totheexclusionoftheother.
• Spininvolvestone‐it'sareporter'ssubjecNvecommentsaboutobjecNvefacts;makesoneside'sideologicalperspecNvelookbeaerthananother.
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• Tocheckifit'sspin,observewhichinterpretaNonofaneventorpolicyanewsstorymatches‐theliberalorconservaNve.– Ifastoryreflectsonetotheexclusionoftheother,thenyou'vefoundbiasbyspin.
WasthepresidentofColumbiaUniversityCollegeDemocratsinterviewed?
NewscommentatorBillO’Reillyhasevenwriaenabestselling
bookdenouncing“spin.”
ComedyNewsProgramming
Inthepastdecadecomedy/newsprogramminghasbecomeincreasinglypopular.
• HumorousslantonimportantpoliNcalissues.
• OWencriNcalofbothsides.
• However,theysNllhavepoliNcalbias.
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TheDailyShow• BlatantlyLiberal–Theydonottryandhideit.– DescribedasawatchdogtopopularconservaNvemedia.
TheColbertReport• StephenColbertplaysanultra‐conservaNvetalkshowhost.• ModeledaWerBillO’Reilly• CharacterdisplaysconservaNvestereotypes.
TheTwoMostPopular
ColbertandSweetness• StephenColbertoWensaysheis“inacommiaedrelaNonshipwithmylifepartner,Sweetness.”
• Sweetnessisahandgun.• ThisplaysuptothestereotypethatallconservaNvesaregun‐to3ngmaniacs.
• ColbertandSweetnesshavebecomeaculthit.OWenthemostpopularproponhisprogram.