tx history-ch-7.3

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Chapter 7: Conflicts of Empire Section 3: Unrest and Revolution

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Page 1: Tx history-ch-7.3

Chapter 7: Conflicts of Empire

Section 3: Unrest and Revolution

Page 2: Tx history-ch-7.3

Bellwork

Why did Spain consider the

United States a threat?

Page 3: Tx history-ch-7.3

The Philip Nolan Expedition

• 1791: U.S. citizen Philip Nolan enters Texas as a mustang trader

• Enters Texas three times with permission

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The Philip Nolan Expedition

•Spanish officials hear rumors Nolan is an American spy

•1800: Enters Texas without permission

•Spanish soldiers will attempt to arrest him

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The Philip Nolan Expedition

•Nolan resists and is killed

•Most of his men are captured or imprisoned

•Elis P. Bean—only one of Nolan’s men to return to the U.S. alive

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The Philip Nolan Expedition

• Filibusters—military adventurers

• Most wanted to free Texas or all of Mexico from Spain, others looking for quick wealth

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

• September 16, 1810: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest in Dolores, Mexico rang a church bell and called for an end to Spanish rule Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

•Father Hidalgo helped start the Mexican revolution with his Grito de Delores

Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

•Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla led an army of more than 50,000 against Spanish rule

Statue of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

• 1811: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed

Mexican stamp commemorating the 250th

anniversary of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla’s birth

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

• José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara decides to attack Texas after the death of Father Hidalgo

• Hoped to use Texas as a base to fight for Mexican independence

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

• With secret support from the U.S., Gutiérrez went to Louisiana to raise a private army

• Introduced to Augustus William Magee, a U.S. Army officer—raised any army of 130 volunteers—called themselves the Republican Army of the North

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

•Augustus William Magee—leader of the Republican Army of the North

•With the secret support of the U.S., the Republican Army of the North invaded Mexico in August 1812

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

• Takes control of Nacogdoches and gains more volunteers

• Mid-September: army captures the Presidio at La Bahía

• 800 Spanish soldiers will lay siege to the fort

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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition

• Siege—military blockade of a city or fort

• Spanish army fails to take control of fort

• March 1813: attacks and defeats a Spanish force of 1200

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The Green Flag Over Texas

• April 6, 1813: José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara declares Texas independence from Spain

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The Green Flag Over Texas

•The first Texas revolution failed in part because sharp disagreements among volunteers weakened the Republican Army

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The Green Flag Over Texas

•Brutal execution of several Spanish soldiers will cause several soldiers to leave

•Differences between Gutiérrez and volunteers over Texas’ fate leading to his removal

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The Green Flag Over Texas

•April 1813: The Rebellion is crushed by Spanish General Joaquín de Arredondo

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Pirates and Rebels on the Coast

•Henry Perry—filibuster who moved into Texas in 1815 and set up a base on Galveston Island

•June 1817: Killed when attempting to take La Bahía

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Pirates and Rebels on the Coast

Jean Lafitte—French pirate, based in Galveston, who had fought for the U.S. in the War

of 1812

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The Long Expeditions

• Dr. James Long:

– U.S. citizen from Mississippi

– Angry about the Adams-Onís treaty—believed that Texas should be independent or a part of the United States

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The Long Expeditions

–First invasion: unsuccessful

–Second invasion: killed

•Jane Long—wife, returned to United States after death of husband